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Nonadherence to confinement during pandemics
No full textThis document is an update to the preregistration of the Nonadherence to confinement during pandemics project: https://osf.io/dfsvb/
Psychopathy and moral decision-making
No full textMany studies questioned the relationship between psychopathy and moral decision-making. Bartels and Pizarro (2011) found that the participants with higher subclinical psychopathic traits tend to endorse more to the utilitarian proposal. Does it mean that psychopathic patients would care more about the overall benefits of human beings than non-psychopathic people? Absolutely suspicious. Gawronski et al. (2017) developed CNI model to quantify the different mental processes when making moral decisions. The relationship between psychopathy and moral decision-making becomes hot topics and till now there are 4 studies probing into this relationship with CNI model. However, CNI model has its own deficits, which would result in inaccurate conclusions. Liu and Liao (2020) provided a new CAN algorithm to fix the limitations. Thus, we need to reanalyse the rawdata of the previous studies and correct the original conclusions
Measuring robust learning in higher STEM education.
No full textThe current work explores robust learning in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. We are looking to find meaningful ways to assess learning that lasts over time, transfers to other situations, and facilitates learning in new situations (robust learning; Koedinger, Corbett & Perfetti, 2012; p. 761).
Students participating in the current study completed a diagnostic test targeting understanding, application, and transfer of concepts taught in a prerequisite course taken in a prior term. The relations between past performances in the prerequisite course (e.g., effort based, summative assessments, formative assessments) and students’ current level of understanding can be telling as to the degree prior learning assessments predict robust learning. Furthermore, this type of analysis could be informative as to which learning activities (e.g. lectures, videos, peer learning) predict students’ performance on a diagnostic, domain-specific test
Individualised interventions aiming to increase physical activity in 18 to 64-year olds
No full textOur N-of-1 design will be a single person ABA baseline-intervention-withdrawal design. Withdrawal designs provide more reliable evidence of the effect of intervention as they reduce the potential source of bias (McDonald et al, 2017). Our primary outcome measure during the study will be physical activity levels (daily steps). Our secondary outcome measures will be quality of life, motivation, and self-efficacy. These will be measured using the tools mentioned below. After initial remote* briefing of procedures to participants and obtainment of informed consent, participants will complete (through Qualtrics) the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (Short) to determine baseline activity levels. They will also complete SF-36 scale for Health Related Quality of Life, RM 4-FM for Motivation for Physical Activity, Exercise and the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, and the Creature of Habit Scale . They will then use a Fitbit or phone tracking app and a physical activity log with weekly completion of the IPAQ (Short) to monitor physical activity for a 2 week baseline. Participants will also answer a 4 item daily questionnaire about the extent to which they feel happy and energetic. After this, a further remote session will be conducted where an individualised intervention based on standard behaviour change techniques will be used, including motivational interviewing, goal setting strategies and education. Notes will be taken from this session to describe the intervention, but will not include identifying details. Participants will then receive their individual intervention and receive guidance on implementation and will do so for a period of up to 8 weeks. During this period they will log daily step count/hours dedicated to physical activity and weekly completion of the IPAQ (Short). Following this period, participants will complete the SF-36 scale, RM 4-FM, and the self-efficacy for exercise scale again. Participants will then be asked to continue log their exercise for 2 week follow up period to assess the effectiveness of the intervention for carry over for long term behaviour change and adherence. We will also collect basic demographic information (age, gender). *via a GDPR compliant platform such as Microsoft Team
The Type of Job Matters - Prosocial vs. Egoistic Jobs and Their Influence on Morality Judgement and Dehumanization of Wealthy Consumers
No full textConsumer characteristics are important in determining the morality in a market exchange setting, particularly in the marketplace morality (Olson et al. 2016; Campbell & Winterich 2018). Previous research has revealed that low-income consumers are judged as more unethical if they receive government benefits and buy organic products (vs. high-income consumers; Olson et al. 2016). Contrary and to a limited extent, previous research has only marginally looked at high-income consumers and how they are perceived (Sainz et al. 2018/2019). Particularly, subgroups of wealthy consumers have been thus far neglected (Sainz et al. 2019). Studying subgroups of wealthy consumers, this is why research suggests that it might be interesting to investigate how the type of job of high-income consumers impacts morality judgements (Olson et al. 2016). The distinction of the type of job that might be particularly interesting is whether the described consumers has a prosocial job (doctor at a children’s hospital) vs. egoistic job (banker in a private bank). This might be particularly interesting when consumer behave unethically – referring to consumers violating accepted norms in an exchange setting (Campbell & Winterich 2018). In Understanding moral judgements, the role of dehumanization might be important. Dehumanization refers to the denial of humanness; Haslam 2006). Dehumanization has not been sufficiently understood within market exchanges (cf. Campbell & Winterich 2018; Henkel et al. 2018), even though previous research pointed out that generally that wealthy consumers are dehumanized differently compared to not-wealthy consumers (Sainz et al. 2018/2019).
Hence, this study undertakes an online experiment investigating if the type of job influences how wealthy consumers are morally judged and dehumanized, when showing (un)ethical consumers behavior. Specifically, we will manipulate whether consumers have either a prosocial vs. egoistic job. The overall research question would be the following – How does the source of income influence the morality judgement of wealthy consumers behaving unethically depending on the type of job? And are wealthy consumers dehumanized differently based on the type of job they have
Classifying obesity as a disease - Follow-up Study
No full textThis study will replicate and extend on the findings from Study 1, investigating the consequences of classifying obesity as a disease for health professionals' treatment approach when treating people with obesity
Does language distance modulate the effect of multilingualism on cognitive reserve in seniors? A systematic review
No full textThe study protocol and supporting evidence for the systematic review "Does language distance modulate the effect of multilingualism on cognitive reserve in seniors? A systematic review
Retrieval Practice Consistently Benefits Student Learning: A Systematic Review of Applied Research in Schools and Classrooms
No full textWe present a systematic literature review of 50 experiments, selected from 2,000 abstracts, to establish a clearer understanding of benefits from retrieval practice in real world educational setting
"He came from a good family": Vicarious moral licensing via family members of criminal offenders
No full textThis study is a replication of a previous study, which examined whether criminal offenders can receive moral license from their family members. Participants will read a description of a criminal offender that includes some information about their family. Their family description will be edited to either be moral, immoral, or neutral. Participants will then be asked to evaluate the crime and the offender. We expect to replicate our previous findings, that individuals receive vicarious moral license from their family, so that those from an immoral family are judged more harshly than those from neutral or moral families
