Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Build a Society Follow-up
No full textThe pre-registration is copied in the Narrative Summary, and saved in the files attached to this project
Evolution of Inmates' Perceptions and Preferences Over Time: Evidence from Czech Prisons
No full textThe goal of this project is to document inmates’ knowledge, perceptions, and preferences - how they differ from the majority population and how they evolve over time - and to test selected theories explaining the causes of criminal behaviour in a unified framework. The analysis will be based on survey, experimental, and administrative data on inmates in Czech prisons. Data collection will include two waves with around 550 inmates and 220 students per wave, and one wave of 1000 subjects representing the general population. Surveying prisoners twice is key to measure how knowledge, perceptions, and preferences evolve over the prison time
Conventional and spatial uses of prepositions in and on in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), individuals who have lost the ASD diagnosis (LAD), and neurotypical (NT) individuals
No full textThe meaning of the English spatial prepositions in and on extend beyond prototypical instances of containment (in) and support from below (on). For example, we say “there is an ad in the newspaper” even though a newspaper does not typically serve as a container, and conversely, we say “there are passengers on the bus” even though a bus is more accurately conceptualized as a container for passengers rather than supporting them from below. These cases have been termed as non-prototypical or peripheral uses of spatial prepositions (Herskovits, 1986; Landau, 2017). While these uses do not represent prototypical spatial relationships of containment and support, they are conventionalized for native English-speaking adults. Research suggests that these two distinct uses of in and on – peripheral/conventional vs. prototypical/spatial – show differing developmental trajectories in both first and second language acquisition. Prototypical spatial uses are acquired very early by typically developing children (Bowerman, 1996; Brown, 1973; Clark, 1973; Johnston & Slobin, 1979), whereas peripheral conventional uses show a protracted development and are not fully mastered even by age six years (Gentner & Bowerman, 2009; Johannes et al., 2016). Similarly, second language learners of English struggle to master conventional uses of in and on, as compared to their spatial uses (Munnich & Landau, 2010).
More recently, Bochynska and colleagues (Bochynska, Coventry, Vulchanov, & Vulchanova, 2020; Bochynska, Vulchanov, & Vulchanova, in revision) investigated spatial language abilities, including the use of in and on, in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with age-typical cognitive abilities, and in neurotypical (NT) individuals. The ASD group showed difficulties with the use of in and on compared to the NT group. In addition, a follow-up qualitative analysis pointed to particular difficulties with items that denoted spatially ambiguous relationships (e.g., in the seats versus on the seats), but not with prototypical ones (e.g., in the box). The current planned study builds on this work, using a novel task to assess spatial versus conventional uses of in and on within and between three groups: individuals with ASD; NT individuals; and individuals who were diagnosed with ASD earlier in development, but who at time of study no longer exhibit the clinical markers of an autism diagnosis. This phenomenon is termed Loss of ASD Diagnosis (LAD); see Fein et al., 2013 for further details
MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS OF MIGRANTS AND STAKEHOLDERS WITH EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION IN ITALY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
No full textThe present study refers to a qualitative research phase conducted in Italy, that precedes the implementation of the pragmatic trials, which aims to identify and describe priority mental health and psychosocial problems and needs of migrants and stakeholders affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, to be used to guide the adaptation and implementation of DWM and PM+
Systematic Review on Colonial Mentality among Pilipinx Americans protocol
No full textThis article systematically reviews the literature to-date focusing on the relationship between endorsement of colonial mentality (CM) and bio-psycho-social-spiritual outcomes. We examine key characteristics of this literature, including study methods, participant characteristics, and psychosocial outcomes
Digitizing Portable Transcranial Electric Stimulation clinical trials: Scoping Review, Process Mapping, and recommendations from a Delphi Panel.
No full textDigital trials are studies that leverage and enhance data collection and assessment, and several aspects of the methodology of clinical trials (e.g., randomization, allocation, and blinding) by using digital strategies (Inan et al., 2020). This approach could potentially increase scalability, decrease costs and patient burden, collect real-time data from subjects, and increase external validity.
The recent development of portable transcranial electric stimulation (ptES) devices and the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are opportunities for performing digital trials using ptES technologies in the field of non-invasive brain stimulation. Such a strategy can also help overcoming traditional challenges of the field, particularly low sample sizes due to the need of performing on-site sessions daily for several weeks (a session setup + duration can last up to 40 minutes/day), by providing a scalable approach in that several devices can be used at home with different degrees of supervision.
Considering the new opportunities brought by ptES and digital trials, we have decided to build a consensual position on the best procedures for strengthening the methodology, efficacy, and usability of these approaches. Our work will be centered around 3 main aims:
(1) identify the main ptES devices available and their characteristics for digitizing clinical trials;
(2) discuss the implementation of portable tES digital trials by accessing the processes of onsite and digital ptES trials;
(3) evaluate methodological aspects of ptES digital trial designs
No Country for Criminals: Understanding Security Sector Candidates in Brazil
No full textI conduct an image-based conjoint experiment on a representative sample of Brazilian voters to evaluate the effect that professional connections to the security sector (military and police forces) have on voter evaluations of candidates for local civilian offices. Respondents will see several pairs of randomly generated hypothetical campaign posters with race, gender, policy positions, and professional history randomly assigned and clearly indicated on the poster. I expect for candidates that signal professional connections to security sector organizations such as the police and military to be perceived as more competent on fighting crime, more to the ideological right, and less respectful of democracy. These effects are also expected to be moderated by the race and gender of the candidate
Insertion techniques for peripherally inserted central catheters and the occurrence of failures: an integrative review
No full textIntegratie review to analyze the main complications, in the medium and long term, resulting from the insertion technique of the PIC
How Work Demands translate into Self-Control Failure at Home
No full textDaily diary study on how work demands may translate into self-control failure in the evening at home via several potential mechanisms
Concealed identity information detection with pupillometry in rapid serial visual presentation
No full textThe concealed information test (CIT) relies on bodily reactions to stimuli that are hidden in the mind. However, people can use countermeasures, such as purposely focusing on irrelevant things, to confound the CIT (Matsuda et al., 2012; Meijer et al., 2016). A new method designed to prevent countermeasures, based on rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), presents each stimulus on the fringe of awareness (Bowman et al., 2013). Previous studies that used RSVP in combination with electroencephalography (EEG) showed that participants exhibit a clear reaction to their real first name, when they pretend to have a different name, even when they try to prevent such a reaction (Bowman et al., 2014). Since EEG measures are not easily applicable outside the laboratory, in our previous study, we investigated whether pupil size, which is easier to measure, is also able to detect concealed identity information. We found that the pupil dilated more in response to a task-irrelevant real name, as compared to control names. However, while most participants showed this effect qualitatively, it was not statistically significant for most participants when analysed individually.
The first purpose of the current study is to replicate and extend the results of our previous study (Chen et al., 2021) with a preregistered analysis plan. The second purpose of this study is to specify an analysis time window that we found to be most likely to show a difference between our conditions at the group level in the previous study and use it in the analysis