Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Effect of prism adaptation and virtual tilted-room immersion on the perception of the visual vertical and proprioceptive straight-ahead
No full textThe general purpose of this study is to explore how the human brain code for spatial representation and whether spatial coding in different dimensions share common processes. To this end, we will investigate within the same participants whether sensory and/or motor perturbations can shift the orientation of the perceived visual vertical (VV) and straight-ahead (SA) in a congruent, co-dependent, fashion.
We will use the tilted-room immersion and prismatic adaptation, two sensory and/or motor perturbations known to modulate the orientation of VV and SA respectively (Bringoux et al., 2009; Howard & Hu, 2001; Odin et al., 2018; Prablanc et al., 2020; Rossetti et al., 1998). These interventions consist to immerge participants for 10 minutes in different virtual environments tilted by 18° clockwise or counter-clockwise (tilted room immersion), and to ask participants to perform a dynamic pointing task while bearing glasses shifting the visual field by 10° rightward or leftward (prismatic adaptation). These interventions will be applied within the same participant through two separate sessions during which VV and SA will be measured before and after intervention
Whole-Person Career Assessment: Integrating Fit using Interests, Personality, Values, Knowledge, and Skills
No full textThis preregistration document contains the research questions and analytic plan for a longitudinal study, as part of a research project on person-occupation fit during the transition from college to full-time work. The present study will examine person-occupation fit in terms of (a) individual differences: vocational interests, personality traits, work values, knowledge, and skills predicting (b) subjective career outcomes: career choice satisfaction, job satisfaction, person-organization fit, needs-supplies fit, and demands-abilities fit. We will compare the predictive validity of the various fit domains, individually and in combination, for each outcome using a variety of analytic approaches (i.e., bivariate correlations, multiple regression, and relative importance analyses)
Chronic pain prevalence and opioid prescribing patterns among primary care providers in the United States
No full textThe purpose of this project is to explore prescribing patterns for low and high-impact chronic pain patients among primary care providers within a large Medicaid claims data set. We will focus on understanding the proportional prevalence of chronic pain and the role of opioid prescriptions in pain management in the United States
A genericity judgement task in German, Italian, English, and Greek
No full textWith this acceptability judgement task, we want to investigate how NP-level and sentence-level genericity is expressed across languages. We investigate German, Italian, English, and Greek. Four different argument types have been argued to be used to express generic statements. Under the assumption that all types realize one or at most two underlying semantic structures, we encounter a too-many-surface-structures puzzle. The argument types are: (1) bare plurals: "Americans love cars." (Acton 2019, and many others); (2) definite plurals: "The Americans love cars." (Acton 2019); (3) definite singulars: "The lion might become extinct." (Dayal 2004); (4) indefinite singulars: "A gentleman opens doors for ladies." (Cohen 2001)
Bidirectional associations among sleep characteristics and personality states (study 4)
No full textAccumulating evidence demonstrates that the Big-5 personality traits (i.e., individual differences in Big-5 traits) are associated with sleep. In a coarse summary, more conscientious people have better sleep whereas more neurotic people have worse sleep, though some relations have been found with extraversion and agreeableness and better sleep (Hintsanen, et al., 2014; Krizan & Hisler, 2019; Sutin et al., 2019). Such associations have been found at varying levels of the personality hierarchy, at the genetic level, and across different sleep measurement methods and characteristics (Gray & Watson, 2002; Gamaldo, et al., 2019; Krizan & Hisler, 2019; Butkovic, Vukasovic, & Bratko, 2014; Stephan, et al., 2019; see Duggan & Krizan, 2019 for review). Additionally, longitudinal studies have found personality traits prospectively predict sleep and vice versa, implicating a bi-directional relation between personality and sleep (Krizan & Hisler, 2019; Spears et al., 2019; Stephan et al., 2018). It suffices to say that personality traits and sleep are connected; however, it is unclear how sleep and personality are associated at the daily level.
The understanding of Big-5 trait level association to sleep draws on the premise that sleep is associated with behavioral states on a day-to-day basis. For instance, why is greater neuroticism associated with worse sleep? Likely because a.) more neurotic individuals experience more stress and negative affect during the day which then delays and disrupts sleep that night, and b.) a worse night of sleep increases next day negative affect and can dysregulate emotions. However, almost no studies have attempted to examine such day-to-day relations in order to better understand the associations between personality traits and sleep (see Slavish et al., 2018 for an exception). A better understanding of why personality is tied to sleep requires shifting the level of analyses from individual differences in personality traits and typical sleep to day-level associations between personality states and sleep.
Thus, the primary focus of this investigation is to examine whether sleep characteristics on one night predict the expression of personality states the next day, and whether the expression of personality states during the day influences how someone sleeps that night
The Effect of Gender Ambiguity on Credibility Judgements: A Study of Cognitive Fluency (Experiment 1)
No full textThe current experiment studies how the fluency elicited by a gendered face impacts eyewitness believability, compared to a disfluently-processed androgynous face. Ultimately, we expect that participants will classify androgynous faces with greater latency than gendered faces during a gender categorization task. Furthermore, given the previous linkage between disfluency and devaluation, we expect that participants will rate androgynous faces as less “believable” than gendered faces during a credibility judgment task
Positivity, Well-Being and Complex Problem-Solving
No full textThe project investigates how being encouraged to think positively influence performance and effort on a complex problem-solving task, as well as mental fatigue and self-esteem. It also investigates wellbeing's relation to these variables. The assumption is that participants that are encouraged to think positively will have an impeded performance, reduced effort, feel increased mental fatigue, and have lower self-esteem, compared to participants receiving a more neutral instruction. We will test the assumption by randomly allocating the participants to either a positive condition (where they are encouraged to think positively), or a neutral condition (where they are told to not override thoughts and feelings). Before they are randomly assigned to one of these group they will be asked questions on overall wellbeing. They will then be forwarded to solve the Math matrices from Dr. Ariely’s “Fudge factor” research paradigm. Here they are asked to find the two numbers in a 3x4 matrix that add up to 10. They can work on the task for as long as they want. The participants have the opportunity to solve a maximum of 20 math matrices. For each answer provided, the participants will receive feedback on whether they solved the problem correctly or not. Then they will be offered an opportunity to continue with a new matrix, or quit solving matrices. If the participants abstain from trying a new matrix they are forwarded to the next part of the survey. However, if they agree to try a new matrix they will first be asked to answer the three items of the short version of the BEST, and then they are presented with a new math matrix. This loop will continue as long as they agree to solve more matrices. It they agree to solve all matrices, the participants are, after the twentieth matrix, told that this was the last matrix. When they've solved all the matrices, or they decline to try a new matrix, they will proceed to the next part of the survey where they are asked questions on overall wellbeing, mental fatigue, and self-esteem. We will also ask about age and gender. This is the second study of two studies in this project
The cost of source monitoring in the recognition of instances of repeated events
No full textWe plan to examine the cost of source monitoring in recognition using the repeated-event paradigm. Our aim in this study is to examine whether the typical pattern found in studies using free-recall in the repeated-event paradigm, whereby participants report quantitatively and qualitatively more accurate items from the first instance of a repeated event, is an effect occurring at retrieval, or whether there is an encoding component. Specifically, if details of instances (e.g., first, second, or final) are encoded differently, we should observe the typical pattern of differences across instances in a recognition task. The lack of these patterns in a recognition task might more clearly indicate a retrieval-based effect.
Participants will view four videos representing instances of a repeated event, using four sets of stimuli (outdoor scenes depicting a group of people, description of four days at a farm, activities of a creatures from a distant planet, and stories describing planning a birthday party). In a 2 (task: event/instances, between-subjects) x 4 (instance: 1/2/3/4, within-subjects) mixed design, participants will be asked to provide judgments for items (words or short phrases) unique to each video intermixed with new items. In the task: event group, participants will be asked to judge an item as old or new depending on whether it occurred in any of the videos. In the task: instances group, participants will be asked to judge an item as occurring in Instance 1/2/3/4 or new depending on the source video.
We will measure reaction time and accuracy for item decisions. We expect that decisions will be faster and more accurate in the task: event group than in the task: instance group (Hypothesis 1). In line with the encoding hypothesis of memory differences across instances of repeated events, we also expect that decisions will be faster and more accurate for items of Instance 1 than items of Instance 2, irrespective of task (Hypothesis 2). Our primary hypotheses and power calculations are based on reaction time, but we will also examine accuracy and misattributions in recall
Avoidant Automatic Thoughts in a Community Sample
No full textThis study will use ecological momentary assessment to examine the frequency and correlates of avoidant automatic thoughts (AAT) in the daily lives of 100 adults by measuring thoughts, feelings, and behaviors on five occasions per day over six days. We will connect our study to prior literature on AAT in adult ADHD by examining whether ADHD symptoms are related to more frequent occurrence of AAT and related emotional and behavioral processes in daily life. We hypothesize that ADHD symptoms measured at baseline will be positively related to momentary experiences of inattention, task avoidance, AATs, negative automatic thoughts and negative emotions. Second, we hypothesize that AATs measured in the moment will be positively associated with task avoidance and inattention at the same assessment timepoint and that AAT will be negatively associated with negative affect. We further hypothesized that ADHD symptoms at baseline will moderate this relationship such that people with more severe ADHD symptoms will have a stronger positive relationship between AAT and task avoidance and between AAT and inattention