Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Fear Relevance in Fear Generalization
No full textThis project is the registration of a study on fear-relevant stimuli on fear generalization before and partly during data collectio
Are childhood autistic traits associated with greater trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress responses and impairment in young adult life?
No full textThis study will utilise longitudinal data from both the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study and Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) to (1) determine if autistic traits put children at higher risk of experiencing trauma and developing PTSD, and (2) investigate if higher autistic traits put trauma-exposed young people at higher risk of developing PTSD, more severe general psychopathological outcomes and functional impairment
How speaker cooperation and knowledge prime scalar implicatures
No full textThe project consists of an experimental pragmatics paradigm meant to investigate the processing of quantity implicatures in adults.
Background: Previous literature on priming and implicature processing has suggested that it is possible to prime the strong interpretation of a scalar term within an experimental paradigm, but it is not as effective to try and prime implicature derivation across different scales, such as lexical and ad-hoc ones (Bott & Chemla, 2016). The present study adds a new manipulation to the implicature priming paradigm starting from the observation that previous experiments on the subject involved no actual communicative context, with the participation of a knowledgeable, intentional agent (Bott & Chemla, 2016; Marty et al., 2021; Waldon & Degen, 2020; Rees & Bott, 2018). Speaker intention is believed to play a significant role in implicature derivation (Grice, 1975), an interlocutor might therefore elicit different behaviours. Indeed, if speaker intention is indeed a fundamental part of the implicature derivation process, introducing them in an experimental paradigm should allow for stronger priming effects across scales.
Objectives and Research questions: The objective of this study is to find out whether, in a task testing the possibility of priming the implicature derivation mechanism, the introduction of an interlocutor with their own knowledge, intention and communicative goals may change the rates of implicature derivation and potentially allow for stronger priming effect across different scales. This could show how implicature mechanism depends, to a certain extent, on perspective taking and intention reading.
Participants: Two groups of circa 100 adult, neurotypical, native speakers of English with normal or corrected to normal vision. Participants will be recruited via the Prolific platform and compensated.
Study method: The design is a computerized referent selection task with priming, developed by modifying Rees and Bott’s 2018 design with the introduction of a new between subjects variable: the presence or absence of an interlocutor
The association of fear of covid and physical activity with symptom severity in a patients diagnosed with depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder or insomnia: protocol for a secondary analysis of cross-sectional study data
No full textThis research question is a part of the ImPuls study. The study protocol of the ImPuls study is published at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03541-3 and registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (ID: DRKS00024152, 05/02/2021)
Physiological responses from uphill and horizontal incremental running tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textGraded exercise treadmill testing (GXT) has been conducted under a variety of protocols. The manipulation of speed and grade during the protocols could impact the maximal physiological responses, namely the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and maximal heart rate (HRmax). Different studies showed that incline running protocols could induce greater VO2peak than level running protocols. To examine whether the manipulation of grade and speed during the protocol could produce different maximal physiological responses, we will meta-analyze the mean difference between (1) Cardiorespiratory indices (i.e. VO2peak and HRmax) from the incline and level GXT; (2) The peak blood lactate from the incline and level GXT
Men Perceivers' Emotionality Judgments of Happiness Sequences
No full textThe goal of this component is to demonstrate that male participants, when presented with sequences of faces displaying neutral to happy emotion 1) are either more or less likely to judge female faces as emotional compared to male faces (two competing hypotheses), and 2) will demonstrate a sequential amplification effect on judgments of emotionality, specifically that participants will be more likely to judge longer sequences as emotional
Associations between socioeconomic status and physical activity and sedentary behavior in Japan: a scoping review
No full textThis scoping review aims to clarify the association between socioeconomic status (SES) with physical activity and sedentary behavior in the Japanese population
Efficacy (Study 1) and acceptance (Study 2) of cognitive behavioral therapy in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome - a meta-analysis
No full textCondition or domain being studied
Exhaustion is a mostly temporary reaction to prolonged physical or mental strain, such as distress. In some cases, exhaustion can be long-lasting, even chronic. This leads to a severe impairment of the affected person's life. If the persistent exhaustion is not based on a psychological or organic cause this condition is referred to as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (Martin et al., 2013; Martin, 2015).
According to previous meta-analyses in the field, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is considered effective and has the highest level of evidence in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (Martin et al., 2013). The National Institutes for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline also recommended CBT for the treatment of CFS in 2007. However, with the publication of the 2021 guideline, there was a change in thinking in which CBT was now only classified as a complementary therapy.
An update of the current state of research is needed regarding two aspects. First, the last meta-analysis which examined the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of CFS was published eleven years ago (Castell et al., 2011). Second, the release of the 2021 NICE guidelines is debated: While patient associations mostly welcome the changes, many voices of the scientific community criticize the methodological approach of the guideline and its conclusion regarding the individual therapies, especially regarding CBT and therapies with a focus on activity enhancement of the patients (e.g., Turner-Stokes, 2020; Vink et al., 2022).
The purpose of this meta-analysis is to examine the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in adult CFS patients.
However, looking only at the efficacy of a treatment is not sufficient. Acceptance in terms of dropping out from an intervention should also be considered. An effective treatment is only beneficial on a larger scale if patients accept it and thus started in the first place (Swift et al. 2017). Currently, there is a large gap in research regarding the study of acceptability of cognitive behavioral therapy in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome. Existing meta-analyses are limited to the efficacy of specific interventions in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. Dropout rates, if reported, are solely listed descriptively.
To close this research gap, the planned meta-analysis examines the percentage of individuals participating in (efficacy) trials who terminate treatment prematurely. In addition, it will examine at what point these individuals discontinue treatment
Cannabis use and suicidality: A multi-site, co-twin control study from adolescence through middle adulthood
No full textCannabis use is broadly associated with adverse mental health outcomes, including suicidality. However, cannabis use is not isolated from other risk factors. For example, individuals who use cannabis are more likely to have parents with psychopathology, marital instability, a history of maltreatment, and lower socioeconomic status, all of which may confer genetic and environmental risk for suicidality. This project uses a co-twin control design to control genetic and environmental confounds that make twins similar. Participants will be from two longitudinal twin cohorts assessed between late adolescence and middle adulthood. Analyses will compare twins from the same family to test whether the twin who uses more cannabis has, on average, proportionally greater odds of endorsing suicidality. For the primary outcome, we will examine suicidality indicated by ideation or an attempt. For the secondary outcomes, we will separately examine suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. If familial confounds explain associations between cannabis use and suicidality, within-pair differences should be nonsignificant. Significant within-twin-pair effects, on the other hand, would be consistent with, but insufficient for establishing causality
The Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus and Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health Interventions in Fragile Settings: Protocol for a Scoping Review
No full textThe scoping review will build on the report “The Humanitarian-Development Nexus: A Framework for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health, Voluntary Family Planning, and Reproductive Health in Fragile Settings,” as developed by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Center for Humanitarian Health (CHH) in partnership with MOMENTUM Integrated Health Resilience (MIHR). As a precursor to the scoping review, the landscape analysis examined the humanitarian-development nexus (HDN) and its application to health interventions along with the development of a conceptual framework demonstrating the key concepts, core components, and cross-cutting themes that are relevant to these interventions