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Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine Learning
Get PDFVolatility forecasting in the financial market plays a pivotal role across a spectrum of disciplines, such as risk management, option pricing, and market making. However, volatility forecasting is challenging because volatility can only be estimated, and different factors influence volatility, ranging from macroeconomic indicators to investor sentiments. While recent works suggest advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence for volatility forecasting, a comprehensive benchmark of current statistical and learning-based methods for such purposes is lacking. Thus, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the historical evolution of volatility forecasting with a comparative benchmark of key landmark models. We open-source our benchmark code to further research in learning-based methods for volatility forecasting
Loneliness Among U.S. College Students During COVID-19: An Exploratory Analysis
No full textThe present study explored how loneliness rates among undergraduate students in the U.S. have changed before (Fall 2019), during (Spring 2021), and after (Spring 2023) lockdown by race and gender identity. Participants consisted of undergraduates who completed the National College Health Assessment III (NCHA III) from Fall 2019 to Spring 2023. The NCHA III assessed loneliness by having students complete the 3-item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-3). Results indicated a main effect of gender (F(3,123543) = 256.70, p\u3c .001) and race (F(7,122108) = 35.31, p\u3c .001) on loneliness but not an interaction effect. The trend of loneliness exhibited a consistent pattern across all gender and racial groups. Loneliness reached its peak in Spring 2021 and subsequently decreased by Spring 2023, although not returning to the same levels observed in Spring 2019. In summary, while loneliness levels varied among different racial and gender identities, all undergraduates, regardless of race and gender identity, showed similar fluctuations in loneliness during the COVID-19 period
Machine Learning Prediction of Photoluminescence in MoS2: Challenges in Data Acquisition and a Solution via Improved Crystal Synthesis
No full textTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) possess unique electronic and optical properties, making them promising materials for nanotechnology. Photoluminescence (PL) is a key indicator of MoS2 crystal quality. This study aimed to develop a machine-learning model capable of predicting the peak PL wavelength of single MoS2 crystals based on micrograph analysis. Our limited ability to consistently synthesize high-quality MoS2 crystals hampered our ability to create a large set of training data. The project focus shifted towards improving MoS2 crystal synthesis to generate improved training data. We implemented a novel approach utilizing low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) combined with established synthesis techniques to produce MoS2 monolayers with superior quality and surface area. This method achieved high reproducibility, facilitating the collection of improved training data
The Supreme Court, Article III, and Jurisdiction Stuffing
Get PDFReflecting on the state of the federal judiciary in the aftermath of the Biden Commission report and subsequent controversies, this Article identifies problems with the current operation of both the Supreme Court and the lower courts that make up the Article III judicial pyramid. Many federal issues have been assigned to non-Article III tribunals, courts poorly structured to offer the independent legal assessment that such Founders as James Wilson prized as they structured the federal judiciary. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court devotes growing attention to a slice of highly salient public law questions, including those presented on the shadow docket, thereby slighting matters of private law and fueling dysfunctional decision-making. Instead of jurisdiction-stripping and court packing, two controversial proposals for court reform, this Article proposes modest jurisdiction stuffing. By that, the Article means jurisdictional provisions that will expand the Court’s mandatory appellate docket to encompass a broader range of matters, without unduly burdening the Court. Among its proposals, the Article suggests some broadening of the Court’s mandatory review of state court decisions, some expansion of three-judge tribunals to clarify the factual and legal issues that now occupy the Court’s shadow docket, and some as-of-right review of a slice of Federal Circuit decisions that implicate matters of private law. The Article proposes novel filtration rules to select cert-worthy issues for mandatory review
Photovoice as a reflective pedagogy for undergraduate community psychology students
Get PDFThis descriptive qualitative study was designed to understand the experiences of former Community Psychology (CP) undergraduate students who participated in a degree program at a California university. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore how former Community Psychology undergraduate students describe their experiences using reflective Photovoice activities to learn about and become involved in social justice. The theoretical frameworks that informed this study were in social justice theory, pedagogical practices related to teaching social justice using Photovoice, and the practice of self-reflection in college classrooms. Two primary research questions guide the inquiry: 1) How do former Community Psychology undergraduate students describe their experiences with Photovoice as a technique for raising their own self-awareness? 2) How do former Community Psychology undergraduate students describe Photovoice as a technique for becoming involved in social justice?
Six recent Community Psychology alumni graduates (aged 23 to 36) from a California university who engaged in Photovoice activities as part of their program were interviewed and provided their Photovoice artifacts. The analysis revealed six key themes: (1) Photovoice played a pivotal role in the students’ journey of self-discovery and transformation, (2) Through Photovoice class activities, students gained insights from different perspectives, (3) Photovoice enhanced students’ engagement with community issues and social topics, (4) Former Community Psychology undergraduate students embraced collective learning, (5) Through Photovoice, students felt empowered to advocate for marginalized communities and social justice, and (6) Students leveraged the emotional connection of Photovoice to inspire positive action and raise awareness. The study concludes with three main findings: (1) Photovoice has the potential to be a transformative educational method in the field of undergraduate Community Psychology, (2) Engaging in visual reflections help students gain a clearer understanding of social justice and (3) Photovoice helps students embrace collective learning.
Based on these conclusions, recommendations for future research and pedagogical practice are proposed. Future research should explore various pedagogical approaches, including Photovoice, for teaching social justice. Expanding the participant pool and implementing data collection methods to minimize recall bias are also recommended. Faculty development, curriculum enhancement, and community partnerships are suggested to further integrate Photovoice and self-reflection into Community Psychology education, enhancing students’ engagement with social justice issues
Exploring the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and suicidality in college and university students: a systematic review
Get PDFAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and suicidality are highly prevalent and increasing social problems among the college and university student population, thereby underscoring a need to better understand the relationship between ACEs and suicidal risk, ideation, and attempts during college. There is also a need to examine current suicide prevention and intervention programs for the extent to which they are ACE- and/or trauma-informed. The purpose of this quantitative systematic review with narrative synthesis is to elucidate findings regarding the relationship between ACEs and suicidality in undergraduate and graduate students across the globe and provide recommendations for future ACE-informed suicide prevention and crisis intervention practices. A PRISMA flow diagram was utilized and illustrates the systematic review process, in which a total of 64 articles were included for final analysis. Results suggest that there is a strong-dose relationship between experiences of childhood adversity and suicidality during college, indicating that the more ACEs one experiences in childhood, the higher the likelihood of experiencing suicidal thoughts or attempting suicide as a young adult in college. Moreover, certain ACEs, such as childhood sexual, emotional, and physical abuse appear to be most strongly associated with later suicidality. Cross-cultural considerations, mechanisms through which suicidality may increase (e.g., perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, etc.) and decrease (e.g., strong social support, coping skills, sense of belonging, etc.) in the context of ACEs history, and limitations that may potentially impact the results are discussed. Results from international and U.S. research are also compared and contrasted. Recommendations for ACE- and/or trauma-informed care practices for suicide prevention and crisis intervention, such as screening for ACEs, training and education for clinicians in trauma-informed care, and other assessment and referral strategies are provided. Finally, recommendations for future research are discussed, including the need for research on culturally diverse populations and the effectiveness of ACE-informed interventions and practices
The Impact of the Syrian Civil War on its Education Sector
Get PDFThe Syrian Civil War that started in the year 2011 has left many negative implications on the country, its civilians, and the region as a whole. This paper delves into the current status of the education sector in Syria and proposes potential policy recommendations to prevent the sector from a complete collapse. Through examining the current economic status in Syria, alongside the main negative impacts of the Syrian Civil war on the education sector, this paper argues for the necessity of collaboration between the Syrian government and international organizations by increasing funding, providing more resources, and increasing online learning modalities to strengthen the country’s overall education system
Intelligence
No full textIntelligence has a variety of definitions, such as a set of mental skills that helps individuals reach a goal, or the ability to use knowledge and skills to overcome obstacles. Most definitions of intelligence include phrases such as knowing and understanding the reality around us. Intelligence usually includes processes such as recognition, categorization, thinking, and memory. In psychology, the psychometric approach to intelligence is based on the assumption that our intelligence can be represented in a numerical value. According to the nativist approach, human cognitive phenomena are inborn, and they unravel as a result of biological programming. Various tests show differences in intelligence scores among large cultural groups. Some specialists maintain that intelligence tests may contain internal bias because they use words that are familiar only to some groups. In addition, many environmental conditions have been found to influence performance on intelligence tests. Intelligence scores are, in general, positively correlated with the socioeconomic status of the individual. There is a difference in the way people across cultures value and construe intelligence. Cognitive processes have cross-cultural similarity but may also develop in different ways according to specific cultural norms and societal demands
