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Exploring the perceptions and experiences of school building leaders at public charter schools and the impact they have on the provision of physical education in charter school settings
Get PDFThis qualitative phenomenology study aimed to explore the perceptions of school principals regarding physical education (PE) and its impact on school programming. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten school principals in an urban charter school district in the United States. The interviews were transcribed, and data were analyzed using the phenomenological approach under the lens of teacher socialization.
The findings of the study revealed that physical education was perceived as an inferior subject compared to core subjects such as mathematics, science, and language arts. School leaders viewed PE as less important than other subjects and often reduced its instructional time to allocate more time to core subjects. Additionally, the study found that school leaders had limited knowledge of physical education and its importance in promoting student health and well-being.
The study highlights the negative impact of these perceptions on school programming, particularly on the quality and quantity of physical education offered to students. Reduced instructional time for PE and the lack of understanding of its importance by school leaders can have a detrimental effect on student health, academic achievement, and overall well-being.
The study concludes that there is a need for increased awareness and education among school leaders about the importance of physical education in promoting healthy lifestyles and academic success. This can be achieved through professional development opportunities, collaboration with physical education teachers, and promoting the importance of physical education in school policies and programs
Project hope: the impact of coaching and transformation among returning citizens
Get PDFThe study of psychological transformation within the prison context appears nascent with few academic articles to be found on the subject. The few that do exist suggest that transformation in the prison context is possible. Drawing from the academic literature regarding psychological transformation, inclusive of Hope Theory and Self-efficacy Theory, this qualitative research sought to understand how cognitive coaching programs within United States prisons may foster psychological transformation and increased likelihood of societal reentry success for returning citizens. The research sits at the intersection of coaching and theories associated with psychological transformation and explores the consequences of a single carceral-based cognitive coaching program. Semi-structured interviews provided insight into participants’ journeys from surviving to thriving as they experienced hope formation and transformation through the program. A new framework was developed to describe the transformation process experienced by participants who have returned to society and are exhibiting a remarkably low recidivism rate while manifesting wellness evidences, such as securing and maintaining employment. Findings showed that coaching programs within the prison context have the potential to materially improve the likelihood of post-release success for returning citizens. Findings support the use of cognitive coaching focused programs to aid hope formation and transformation for incarcerated persons, and later post-release wellness for those who become returning citizens, thereby blunting prevailing U.S. recidivism rates of 50% to \u3e80% and aiding in addressing labor shortages. These findings have important implications for leadership of correctional institutions and governments, who can choose to implement such programs to reduce recidivism
Millennial leadership practices: how are they choosing to lead using the lens of their managerial style
Get PDFDespite millennials comprising over one-third of the current workforce, empirical research regarding their leadership practices remains limited. This study aimed to address this gap by investigating: (1) the preferred leadership practices of millennial leaders, and (2) whether millennial characteristics indicate a preference for specific leadership styles. Data were collected from 48 millennial leaders in the United States through online surveys, supplemented by 16 virtual interviews. The analysis revealed that millennial leadership practices, consistent with servant leadership principles, emphasized empowerment and delegation, relationship and community building, and trust cultivation
Identifying the best practices of wilderness-immersion programs to support veterans’ transition from the military to college
Get PDFThis study identified best practices for designing and implementing wilderness-immersion programs to support student veterans transitioning from military service to college. It used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Phase 1 of the study involved a Delphi approach wherein an expert panel of program facilitators, university staff, mental health providers, and student veterans rated and refined an initial set of best practices drawn from literature. Veterans Affairs directors provided feedback in a focus group format to refine the framework. This study contributes practical, evidence-based guidelines to enhance the academic, social, and emotional success of student veterans through wilderness-immersion interventions. Findings from the study yielded a comprehensive, consensus-based framework composed of 66 endorsed elements across six domains: Location and Setting, Activity Design, Facilitation Approach, Group Dynamics and Social Bonding, Identity Exploration and Development, and Reflective and Integration Practices. Analysis across the Delphi and focus group data revealed five cross-cutting themes central to effective program design: nature as co-facilitator of transformation, narrative and meaning-making, nervous system regulation, agency and self-authorship, and relational repair and peer belonging. Conclusions from the study suggest that veteran transition programs benefit most when they are trauma-informed, identity-centered, and co-designed with veterans themselves. Implications for practice include the importance of integrating academic support visibly, offering modular participation options, and establishing campus and nonprofit partnerships to support program delivery. The findings extend prior literature by shifting from top-down, clinical or institutional approaches to transition, toward relational and experiential models that engage the whole person. This research offers a transformative vision for how nature-based programs can serve as effective bridges from military to collegiate life, and it provides actionable guidance for practitioners, institutions, and funders seeking to implement such interventions at scale
High school counselor perceptions of trauma-informed professional development and implementation of trauma-informed practices in schools
Get PDFThis non-experimental phenomenological study aimed to delve into school counselors’ perspectives on what motivates them to participate in trauma-informed professional development, the necessary supports for implementing trauma-informed practices in schools (TIPS), and the barriers that impede implementation. Drawing on situated learning theory and adult learning theory, this study sought to enhance the understanding of school counselors’ views on trauma-informed professional development and implementation. These frameworks offered valuable insights into how to support counselors and shed light on existing barriers. The study involved 10 traditional public high school counselors from non-charter schools in Los Angeles County, selected through snowball and purposive sampling, with data gathered via semi-structured interviews. The research findings highlighted the importance of school counselors having access to trauma-informed professional development and support for TIPS implementation. Significant barriers to implementation included the effects of secondary trauma, insufficient support for implementation post-training, and the critical need for ongoing training and support to keep counselors abreast of the latest research and best practices in TIPS. The study identified five thematic findings highlighting counselors’ desired support and obstacles hindering TIPS implementation: (a) pre-service education, (b) time for counseling-aligned duties, (c) professional development for student support, (d) ongoing coaching and support post-training, and (e) secondary trauma and self-care. These thematic findings, rooted in the study’s literature review, shed light on how school counselors’ perceptions regarding motivation, support, and barriers to trauma-informed professional development and implementation are shaped by their personal experiences within the school’s organizational structure and prior trauma-informed knowledge and experience. Five key conclusions have been derived from the thematic findings of this research. They are based on the literature and findings, showcasing how school counselors’ views on motivations, supports, and barriers to trauma-informed professional development and TIPS implementation revolve around their educational background in school counseling, practical experiences, and the beliefs of school leadership responsible for supporting counselors. The study provides insights for policy and practice drawn from the collected data and its alignment with existing literature. Moreover, it presents suggestions for further research to enhance and contribute to the existing body of knowledge on this subject
eMortgage and Crypto-Mortgage in Home Finance
Get PDFMost home mortgage loans today are documented on physical paper, but they are increasingly closed as eMortgages. The move to electronic documents is inevitable and will ultimately be a positive change for lenders and borrowers. However, additional regulation is needed to address issues raised by electronic home mortgage closings and the “crypto-mortgage,” a mortgage loan with the obligation evidenced by or tethered to a non-fungible token. Lenders have traditionally required that home mortgage loans be evidenced by a wet-signed paper promissory note to gain the advantages and the certainty of Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) governing negotiable instruments. However, delivery and storage of promissory notes is expensive and inefficient. More than twenty years ago, state and federal statutes enabled an electronic equivalent to the negotiable promissory note, called a transferable record. More recently, states have begun to adopt the 2022 revisions to the UCC, including new Article 12 of the UCC, which enables a new type of electronic record that may evidence a mortgage loan and that facilitates crypto-mortgage architecture. This Article is the first to provide a comprehensive comparison of the traditional paper mortgage loan, the transferable record eMortgage loan, and the Article 12 electronic mortgage loan and is the first to consider the cryptomortgage. The Article explores the advantages and disadvantages of a move to electronic residential mortgage loan documentation, including the cryptomortgage, with a focus on the homeowner. Consumers may be less likely to read and understand electronic loan documents, but electronic documents can be designed to increase understanding. In addition, the law governing negotiable promissory notes and their electronic equivalent, transferable records, protects lenders from certain defenses to payment at the borrower\u27s expense; Article 12, on the other hand, leaves borrower defenses in place. Finally, storage and registration of eMortgages, registration using blockchain technology, and the crypto-mortgage raise new security questions. To address these issues, this Article recommends adoption of the 2022 revisions to the UCC, use of the Article 12 mechanism rather than the transferable record, abrogation of the holder in due course doctrine for home mortgage loans, regulation of closing procedures designed to consider electronic closings, and further study and regulation of security
Dramatism and CrossFit: The Guilt Redemption Cycle
No full textAfter the death of elite Serbian athlete, Lazar Ðukič, at the 2024 CrossFit Games, CrossFit, LLC..’s leadership was once again in the spotlight of another controversy. In the immediate aftermath, Don Faul was responsible for navigating the complex crisis communication that was required. This study evaluates the language in Faul’s oratory, and seeks to answer the questions: (1) what pentadic elements are incorporated in Faul’s communication, (2) what ratio prevails and (3) how do the linguistic choices offload the guilt and responsibility that the organization had to ensure athlete safety. Using a linguistic analysis, the Burkean logic reveals strategic linguistic elements that cultivate identification, victimage, and shared accountability. However, when the prevailing act-agent ratio is reversed, a larger motive is revealed within the narrative, which puts athletes as prominent agents in continuing the games – a burden that was not of their own accord. This study contributes to a larger discourse surrounding ethics, the social responsibility in elite sports, and management
Calling on Congress: Use the Spending Clause to Keep Juveniles in Juvenile Court
Get PDFRecently, juvenile justice reformers have had great success in expanding the reach of the juvenile court. Over the last two decades, many states have raised their age of majority, bringing older teens and young adults under the jurisdictional umbrella of the juvenile court. Likewise, many states have amended their transfer statutes, making transferring juveniles from juvenile court to adult criminal court more difficult. The success of these reforms is largely due to the relentless work of dedicated juvenile justice advocates and scholars. The “raise-the-age” movement and work to limit juvenile transfers has undoubtedly helped to retain more youthful offenders within the juvenile court system and its rehabilitative regime. Unfortunately, these efforts fail to address an area of juvenile justice ripe for reform: the method by which states determine the jurisdiction of juvenile courts. To fall within the juvenile court’s jurisdiction, a person must be below the statutorily proscribed age of majority, often eighteen years old, at the time of the alleged offense. However, a jurisdictional issue arises when a person is below the age of majority at the time of the alleged offense but has reached or exceeded the age of majority by the time legal proceedings are instituted against them. In such a situation, some states use the age at the time of the offense, while others use the age at the time of proceedings to determine whether the juvenile falls within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. Under the latter jurisdictional scheme, juveniles who have reached or exceeded the age of majority by the time proceedings are initiated are processed in adult criminal court. These juveniles, who are often only young adults at the time of proceedings, lose all the benefits and protections of juvenile court despite having been juveniles at the time of the alleged offense. The collateral consequences of an adult criminal court prosecution for juveniles who have “aged out” of juvenile court jurisdiction are severe, including increased rates of recidivism, sexual victimization and suicidal tendencies in adult correctional facilities, and long-term unemployment and poverty. The impact of these consequences ripple through our country, decreasing the nation’s public safety, public health, and economic stability. The consequences to both “aged out” juveniles and the nation warrant a national response. Thus far, little popular and scholarly attention has been given to this juvenile court jurisdictional issue. Accordingly, this Article makes several contributions to existing juvenile justice scholarship. First, it addresses an under-discussed area of the juvenile justice system in need of reform. Second, it builds upon the existing scholarly work that sets forth the collateral consequences associated with prosecuting young adults in adult criminal court and expressly articulates their broader national impact. Finally, it argues Congress can and should use its Spending Clause power to incentivize state action. Specifically, it urges Congress to attach a condition—the use of a juvenile’s age at the time of the offense to determine the juvenile court’s jurisdiction—to states’ receipt of certain federal funds
Kennedy v. Louisiana and the Future of the Eighth Amendment
Get PDFIn 2023, Florida passed a law permitting the imposition of the death penalty for the rape of a child under twelve. Tennessee enacted a similar law in 2024. These laws conflict with Kennedy v. Louisiana, a 2008 decision in which the Supreme Court held that imposing the death penalty for the rape of a child violated the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause because it was inconsistent with the evolving standards of decency. Legislators in Florida and Tennessee have expressed their hope that the Supreme Court will overrule Kennedy v. Louisiana. These laws, which resemble state attempts to undo abortion protections through legislation, are more than ordinary death penalty politics. Scholars have warned that the Court’s growing reliance on original meaning, history, and tradition may undo extant Eighth Amendment protections. States have filed amicus briefs asking the Court to reject Eighth Amendment precedent. More recently, in City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, the Court described the Eighth Amendment in narrow, historically focused terms, signaling that further alterations to the Eighth Amendment are coming. This Article addresses the potential for overruling Kennedy v. Louisiana and what that may mean for the future of the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause. While Kennedy is settled law, the Court’s current approach to constitutional questions and recent Eighth Amendment jurisprudence demonstrate that constitutional protections that were assumed to be settled are now at risk, and the Eighth Amendment is in jeopardy. The Supreme Court’s recent decision in Grants Pass demonstrates that the Court is currently “stealth overruling” its Eighth Amendment jurisprudence. The Court is likely to continue this project because of changes to its membership, its new approach to stare decisis, and legislative opportunism. This Article contributes to recent academic literature that addresses the future of the Eighth Amendment by analyzing how new state laws expanding capital offenses to include the rape of a child may undermine precedent through the Court’s reliance on “democratic deliberation” narratives, as described in scholarship by Professors Melissa Murray and Katherine Shaw that addresses the aftermath of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. This Article describes two possible future directions for Eighth Amendment jurisprudence: “devolving” standards of decency—in which states can create a national consensus to undo constitutional protections—or, more likely, a restrictive historical approach. This Article concludes by discussing how these changes threaten the stability of Eighth Amendment jurisprudence and explaining the risks of legislative and judicial expansion of the death penalty after decades of judicial rulings that attempted to narrow it. It may be tempting to dismiss the consequences of overruling Kennedy— people convicted of sexually assaulting children are targets of universal revulsion. But undoing constitutional and legal standards because of outrage at criminal conduct weakens vital constitutional protections against cruel and unusual punishment
