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Dramatism and CrossFit: The Guilt Redemption Cycle
No full textAfter the death of elite Serbian athlete, Lazar Ðukič, at the 2024 CrossFit Games, CrossFit, LLC..’s leadership was once again in the spotlight of another controversy. In the immediate aftermath, Don Faul was responsible for navigating the complex crisis communication that was required. This study evaluates the language in Faul’s oratory, and seeks to answer the questions: (1) what pentadic elements are incorporated in Faul’s communication, (2) what ratio prevails and (3) how do the linguistic choices offload the guilt and responsibility that the organization had to ensure athlete safety. Using a linguistic analysis, the Burkean logic reveals strategic linguistic elements that cultivate identification, victimage, and shared accountability. However, when the prevailing act-agent ratio is reversed, a larger motive is revealed within the narrative, which puts athletes as prominent agents in continuing the games – a burden that was not of their own accord. This study contributes to a larger discourse surrounding ethics, the social responsibility in elite sports, and management
Calling on Congress: Use the Spending Clause to Keep Juveniles in Juvenile Court
Full text linkRecently, juvenile justice reformers have had great success in expanding the reach of the juvenile court. Over the last two decades, many states have raised their age of majority, bringing older teens and young adults under the jurisdictional umbrella of the juvenile court. Likewise, many states have amended their transfer statutes, making transferring juveniles from juvenile court to adult criminal court more difficult. The success of these reforms is largely due to the relentless work of dedicated juvenile justice advocates and scholars. The “raise-the-age” movement and work to limit juvenile transfers has undoubtedly helped to retain more youthful offenders within the juvenile court system and its rehabilitative regime. Unfortunately, these efforts fail to address an area of juvenile justice ripe for reform: the method by which states determine the jurisdiction of juvenile courts. To fall within the juvenile court’s jurisdiction, a person must be below the statutorily proscribed age of majority, often eighteen years old, at the time of the alleged offense. However, a jurisdictional issue arises when a person is below the age of majority at the time of the alleged offense but has reached or exceeded the age of majority by the time legal proceedings are instituted against them. In such a situation, some states use the age at the time of the offense, while others use the age at the time of proceedings to determine whether the juvenile falls within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. Under the latter jurisdictional scheme, juveniles who have reached or exceeded the age of majority by the time proceedings are initiated are processed in adult criminal court. These juveniles, who are often only young adults at the time of proceedings, lose all the benefits and protections of juvenile court despite having been juveniles at the time of the alleged offense. The collateral consequences of an adult criminal court prosecution for juveniles who have “aged out” of juvenile court jurisdiction are severe, including increased rates of recidivism, sexual victimization and suicidal tendencies in adult correctional facilities, and long-term unemployment and poverty. The impact of these consequences ripple through our country, decreasing the nation’s public safety, public health, and economic stability. The consequences to both “aged out” juveniles and the nation warrant a national response. Thus far, little popular and scholarly attention has been given to this juvenile court jurisdictional issue. Accordingly, this Article makes several contributions to existing juvenile justice scholarship. First, it addresses an under-discussed area of the juvenile justice system in need of reform. Second, it builds upon the existing scholarly work that sets forth the collateral consequences associated with prosecuting young adults in adult criminal court and expressly articulates their broader national impact. Finally, it argues Congress can and should use its Spending Clause power to incentivize state action. Specifically, it urges Congress to attach a condition—the use of a juvenile’s age at the time of the offense to determine the juvenile court’s jurisdiction—to states’ receipt of certain federal funds
Kennedy v. Louisiana and the Future of the Eighth Amendment
Full text linkIn 2023, Florida passed a law permitting the imposition of the death penalty for the rape of a child under twelve. Tennessee enacted a similar law in 2024. These laws conflict with Kennedy v. Louisiana, a 2008 decision in which the Supreme Court held that imposing the death penalty for the rape of a child violated the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause because it was inconsistent with the evolving standards of decency. Legislators in Florida and Tennessee have expressed their hope that the Supreme Court will overrule Kennedy v. Louisiana. These laws, which resemble state attempts to undo abortion protections through legislation, are more than ordinary death penalty politics. Scholars have warned that the Court’s growing reliance on original meaning, history, and tradition may undo extant Eighth Amendment protections. States have filed amicus briefs asking the Court to reject Eighth Amendment precedent. More recently, in City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, the Court described the Eighth Amendment in narrow, historically focused terms, signaling that further alterations to the Eighth Amendment are coming. This Article addresses the potential for overruling Kennedy v. Louisiana and what that may mean for the future of the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause. While Kennedy is settled law, the Court’s current approach to constitutional questions and recent Eighth Amendment jurisprudence demonstrate that constitutional protections that were assumed to be settled are now at risk, and the Eighth Amendment is in jeopardy. The Supreme Court’s recent decision in Grants Pass demonstrates that the Court is currently “stealth overruling” its Eighth Amendment jurisprudence. The Court is likely to continue this project because of changes to its membership, its new approach to stare decisis, and legislative opportunism. This Article contributes to recent academic literature that addresses the future of the Eighth Amendment by analyzing how new state laws expanding capital offenses to include the rape of a child may undermine precedent through the Court’s reliance on “democratic deliberation” narratives, as described in scholarship by Professors Melissa Murray and Katherine Shaw that addresses the aftermath of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. This Article describes two possible future directions for Eighth Amendment jurisprudence: “devolving” standards of decency—in which states can create a national consensus to undo constitutional protections—or, more likely, a restrictive historical approach. This Article concludes by discussing how these changes threaten the stability of Eighth Amendment jurisprudence and explaining the risks of legislative and judicial expansion of the death penalty after decades of judicial rulings that attempted to narrow it. It may be tempting to dismiss the consequences of overruling Kennedy— people convicted of sexually assaulting children are targets of universal revulsion. But undoing constitutional and legal standards because of outrage at criminal conduct weakens vital constitutional protections against cruel and unusual punishment
Composing the Music for Iphigenia Among the Taurians
Full text linkThis poster session outlines the music composition process for Pepperdine’s production of Iphigenia Among the Taurians, Jan. 28-Feb. 1, Dr. Bradley Griffin, Director. My presentation focuses on the challenges I had to overcome, my goals and objectives, and finding the right sound for the score
La puissance douce française manifestée par les politiques linguistiques en Afrique
No full textDu premier étape des colonisateurs français sur la terre africaine jusqu’à le français étant l’une des langues primaires en Afrique, les français avait eu une influence en Afrique. Pour comprendre comment les politiques linguistiques agissent comme une passerelle de l\u27implémentation de la puissance douce française en Afrique, nous explorons les politiques linguistiques et systèmes d’éducation en Côte d’Ivoire, au Sénégal, et au Burkina Faso. La littérature décrit comment le français est la langue d\u27administration dans ces trois pays, donc il est valorisé sur les langues locales. La présence intense du français permet à la France d’employer la puissance douce en Afrique pour continuer son influence dans ces trois sociétés, qui peut être étendue au reste du monde africain. Nous trouvons que les instances les plus répandus de la puissance douce française inclurent l’industrie de la musique et les programmes d’éducation français. Ces constatations sont suivies par la réponse présente des francophones africains de cet influence français. Pourtant, l’étude montre la feuille de route pour la contrôle française en Afrique entre le temps de la colonisation et aujourd’hui