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Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Anchusa Officinalis: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential
No full textKeskin, Cumali/0000-0003-3758-0654Objective: Anchusa officinalis L. (A. officinalis) is a herbaceous traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of some diseases. The presence of its medicinal properties suggested that A. officinalis (AO) leaf extract could be used as a coating agent for the environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: The synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles (AO-AgNPs) were characterized using different techniques. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against common bacterial pathogenic strains was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The presence of phytochemicals was determined by LSMS/MS. The MTT assay was used to investigate AO-AgNPs' cytotoxic activity in malignant (LnCap, Caco2, MDA-MB2, A549) and healthy (HEK-293) cell lines. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis detected the presence of rich phytochemicals that may be responsible for reduction reactions. Biogenic AO-AgNPs exhibited effective inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at low concentrations. The most effective antimicrobial activity was measured as 0.5 mu g/mL MIC against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Moreover, AO-AgNPs showed significant inhibition on the growth of cancerous cell lines, especially at a concentration of 25 mu g/mL. On the contrary, it was determined that the inhibition rate decreased in the growth of healthy cell lines due to the increase in concentration. The lowest EC50 values were determined as 15.15 mu g/mL in A549 cells. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that AO could be an important source for the synthesis of AgNPs. Especially their ability to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria at low concentrations compared to common antibiotics indicates that AOAgNPs can be used as biomedical agents in various areas. Moreover, their suppressive effect on cancerous cell lines showed that they have the potential to be used as an anticancer agent, but due to their proliferative effect on healthy cell lines, care should be taken in determining the appropriate dose.C.K was supported by Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Unit (Grant no: MAU.BAP.21.SHMYO.099) , and E. A was supported by the kidney research center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Grant no: 73919) .Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Unit [MAU.BAP.21.SHMYO.099]; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran [73919
Are Craniofacial Asymmetries Related To Trunk Asymmetries
No full textTurhan, Begumhan/0000-0003-0842-2059Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether craniofacial asymmetries could be a predictor of spine asymmetries or not. Methods: Female individuals aged between 18 and 25 years participated in this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study. The angle of trunk rotation was measured by a scoliometer in conjunction with the Adams forward-bending test. Individuals in the control group (n = 57) had spinal curvature of 0 to 3 degrees, and individuals in the study group (n = 53) had spinal curvature of between 4 and 6 degrees. Facial anthropometric measurements of individuals were evaluated by referencing anatomical landmarks determined on the face with 2-dimensional photogrammetry using ImageJ (Version 1.53q) program. Results: Both groups were similar in terms of facial measurements (P > 0.05). Axial trunk rotation values of the mid-thoracic and thoraco-lumbar regions were significantly higher on both sides of the asymmetry group (P 0.05). The distances between facial landmarks are not associated with asymmetries of spine regions (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Although the sensitivity and predictive value of facial asymmetries in determining trunk asymmetries and sagittal spinal posture were low, it was concluded that comparative studies are needed, especially in individuals with asymmetry at the level of scoliosis, as the asymmetries of the individuals in our study were not at the level of scoliosis
A Phenological Shift To Save the Boys? Current and Projected Trends of Hatchling Sex Ratio of the Loggerhead Turtle Caretta Caretta at Dalyan Beach, Türkiye
No full textDalyan beach, Mugla, T ; uuml;rkiye hosts one of the largest loggerhead turtle rookeries in the Mediterranean. The sex of marine turtles, like many reptile species, is influenced by incubation temperature, with the threat of climate change looming increasing temperatures across the world may lead to an imbalance in the sex ratio of turtle populations. Over a ten-year study period (2012-2021), temperature dataloggers (n = 497) were placed during or the morning after ovipositioning. Using middle third of incubation as a proxy for the thermosensitive period and subsequent application of the Hill Equation, this study estimates the current and projected cohort sex ratios for Dalyan beach. The estimated overall male ratio over the ten-year study period was 25.7 % f 23.3, with considerable interannual variation when data were compared from overlapping dates. Using the observed data, a GAM was built to predict nesting temperature using archived climate data, which explained 66.7 % of the variance. This model was applied to future projections of temperature using IPCC climate change scenario SSP 3-7.0, which resulted in a significant decrease in male ratio compared in the near term (2021-2040) 17.2 % f 0.6 s d, mid-term (2041-2060) 14 % f 0.5 s d and far term (2081-2100) 10.7 %. A hypothetical 10-day shift of nesting phenology would quell the effects of warming and maintain or increase current male ratio in the near term 25.6 % f 0.8 s d. A 20-day shift would have the same effect in the near term (37.3 % f 0.9 s d) and mid-term (31.4 % f 0.9 s d) projections. These nesting grounds are important to the sustained survival of the species and while this study indicates restorative potential to the sex imbalance, a reliance on the development of such a phenological shift is less than favourable. While climate change projections vary between models, a situation that gives enough buffering time is unlikely, and feminisation of the population seems inevitable without further action
Effects of Stz-Induced Diabetes on Zinc, Boron and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Rats
No full textBackground:Diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by dysregulation of glucose metabolism, is a significant global health issue. This study aims to investigate the effects of DM, induced with streptozotocin (STZ), on serum zinc and boron levels as well as antioxidant defense mechanisms in rats. Materials and Methods:In this study, a rat model was utilized where rats, after an overnight fast, were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ to induce type-1 diabetes. Diabetic status was confirmed three days post-STZ administration with fasting blood glucose levels exceeding 300 mg/dL. Six rats were assigned to the STZ-induced diabetic (DM group) and control groups (C group). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze serum samples treated with hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid. Furthermore, serum samples were analyzed using ELISA to measure total oxidant-antioxidant status (TOS-TAS). Results:The ICP-MS method was validated with validation parameters including method linearity (10-500 ng/mL), precision (= 3.25% RSD), accuracy (= +/- 2.58% RE), and recovery (98.2 +/- 4.53% for zinc and 101.4 +/- 5.46% for boron). Our results showed significantly decreased serum levels of both zinc and boron in the DM group compared to the C group (P = 0.001), suggesting a possible link between trace element dysregulation and DM pathogenesis. The DM group showed a statistically significant increase in TOS (P = 0.006); and a decrease in TAS (P = 0.001) compared to the C group. Assessment of oxidative stress parameters demonstrated an imbalance in oxidative stress homeostasis in diabetic rats, further implicating the role of trace elements in DM-associated complications. Conclusion:These findings contribute valuable insights into the complex interplay between trace elements and oxidative stress in DM
Knee Osteoarthritis Emotional Meaning Scale Development Study
No full textBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, long-term disease with both physical and psychosocial consequences. In determining the treatment programs of patients diagnosed with knee OA and ensuring compliance with treatment, it is important to understand the emotional attitudes and experiences of patients regarding the physical and psychosocial effects of the disease. This study aimed to create a scale for evaluating the emotional attitudes of patients with knee OA as they manage and cope with the condition. Methods: The research was a validity and reliability study designed using methodological methods. Study data were collected from the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation at a university hospital in Turkey between November and December 2024. The study sample included 90 patients diagnosed with knee OA. To establish the validity of the scale, content validity and construct validity were assessed. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, item-total score correlations, and the Hotelling T2 test. The test-retest method was applied to determine the scale's stability over time. Results: The content validity index (CVI) values for the draft form of the scale ranged between 0.91 and 1.00. The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the scale consisted of a single factor, which explained 41.62% of the total variance. The scale demonstrated strong reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86, item-total correlations ranging from 0.36 to 0.73, and a significant Hotelling T2 value (P 0.001). Test-retest analysis indicated a positive and highly significant correlation for the overall scale (r = 0.964, P 0.001). Conclusion: The knee osteoarthritis emotional meaning scale (KOEMS) was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable instrument for this patient sample
Denizli'de ortaokulların finansman kaynakları
No full textBu araştırmada, kamu (devlet) sektörüne ait ortaokulların finansman yapıları ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma, niteldir ve Denizli ilinde yapılmıştır. Farklı yapılarda dört ortaokulun merkezi bütçeden gelen ödenekleri araştırılmıştır. Diğer bir deyişle, ortaokullara merkezi bütçeden ödenen öğretmen maaşları, yardımcı personel maaşları, yakacak, su, temizlik, iletişim, kırtasiye, taşıma, bakım-onarım, donatım vb ödenekler incelenmiştir.
Kamu (devlet) sektörüne ait ortaokullara merkezi bütçeden gönderilen ve harcanan kaynakların başında, öğretmen ve yardımcı personel maaşları gelmektedir. Bunların yanında yakacak, su, temizlik, iletişim ve kırtasiye harcamaları da vardır. Bazı okullarda bu harcamalara ek olarak taşıma, bakım-onarım ve donatım harcamaları adı altında giderler olduğu görülmektedir.
Merkezi yönetim bütçesinden gönderilen paranın, öğrenci başına düşen paylara bakıldığında, en fazla payın C kodlu okul öğrencilerine ait olduğu görülmektedir. Bunun nedeni, öğrenci sayısının az olması nedeniyle birim maliyetin yüksek olmasıdır. Merkezi bütçeden gönderilen paranın, çalışan başına düşen paylara bakıldığında, en fazla payın D kodlu okullarda çalışanlara ait olduğu; bunu C kodlu okul çalışanları, A ve en az pay olarak da B kodlu okullarda çalışanlara ait olduğu görülmüştür. Ortaokullarda en büyük harcama, personel için yapılmaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, okulların personel giderlerinde en yüksek harcama, B kodlu okullarda yapılmaktadır. Bunun nedeni, en çok öğretmen ve yardımcı personelin bu okullarda olması, kıdem, derece, sosyal ve mali haklarının önemli bir gider oluşturmasıdı
Özel eğitim sınıflarında görevlendirilen alan dışı öğretmenlerin yaşadığı sorunların incelenmesi
No full textToplumun devamlılığını, gelişimini sağlamanın en önemli yolu eğitimdir. Bu eğitimin sağlayıcıları da öğretmenlerdir. Öğretmenlik sadece akademik bilgileri veren, not veren tek düze bir meslek değildir. Öğretmenlik aynı zamanda toplumun yaşayışını, değerlerini, alışkanlıklarını şekillendiren, toplumla iç içe bir meslektir.
Her bireyin eğitim alma hakkı vardır. Özel gereksinimli bireyler de bu toplumun birer fertleridir. Atatürk’ün; Eğitimde feda edilecek hiçbir fert yoktur, sözü ışığında özel gereksinimli bireylere, onları bağımsız yaşama kazandırma hedefi ile birlikte eğitimler verilmektedir. Özel bireylere verilen eğitimin de ona göre özel, farklı yöntem ve teknikleri, materyalleri, psikolojisi, motivasyonu bulunmaktadır.
Bu araştırmada; özel eğitim sınıflarında görevlendirilen alan dışı öğretmenlerin yaşadığı sorunların incelenmesi ve öğretmenlerin görüşleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, ‘Nitel’ araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri içerisinde yer alan görüşme yöntemi türlerinden ‘Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Yöntemi’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu olasılıklı olmayan örnekleme yöntem çeşitlerinden, uygun örneklem belirleme yöntemine göre seçilmiştir. Araştırma 2024-2025 eğitim öğretim yılında Denizli ve Sinop il Merkez ilçelerindeki Özel Eğitim Sınıflarında alan dışı olarak görev yapan, farklı branşlardan 15 öğretmenle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya ait veriler nitel araştırmalarda kullanılan “Görüşme (Mülakat)” tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından danışman görüşleri doğrultusunda geliştirilen görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formu özel eğitim bölümünde önemli alt başlıklar olan, ayrı disiplinlerle ilgili iki bölümden toplam 11 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel veri analiz yöntemlerinden “betimsel analiz” kullanılmıştır.
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Görüşme formları değerlendirmeye alınarak elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniğiyle analiz edilerek gruplandırılmıştır.
Araştırma bulgularına göre, özel eğitim sınıfında alan dışı olarak görev yapan öğretmenler, BEP hazırlama ve uygulama, davranış değiştirme, beceri öğretimi, sınıf yönetimi konularında çeşitli sorunlar yaşamadıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Özel eğitim sınıfında çalışan öğretmenler psikolojik olarak kendilerini iyi hissettiklerini, sosyal yaşantılarını branş öğretmenlerinde olumsuz, okulöncesi öğretmeni olan öğretmenler ise olumlu etkilediğini dile getirmişlerdir
Subclinical Seizures on Eeg With Sleep Phases and Clinical Significance in Patients With Focal Epilepsy
No full textPurpose: Studies have observed that subclinical seizures significantly impact diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment responses. The aim of our study is to investigate the presence of these seizures, their relationship with sleep, their contribution to diagnosis, and their impact on treatment selection and prognosis in patients diagnosed with partial epilepsy. Materials and methods: A total of 1.626 EEGs conducted in the EEG unit were examined. Among them, 626 were found to belong to patients diagnosed with partial epilepsy. 140 patients who underwent twenty-minute EEG monitoring and 28 patients who underwent twenty-four-hour EEG monitoring were included in the study. Results: A comparative analysis was conducted between two cohorts of patients: one subjected to a twenty-minute EEG and the other undergoing a 24-hour EEG. In the presence of resistant epilepsy, the risk of SCS is increased by 3.1 times. The presence of SCS in frontal lobe epilepsies demonstrated a 2.2-fold elevation compared to temporal lobe epilepsies (1.0-5.3). A statistically significant relationship between Levetiracetam usage and seizures was observed (p=0.044). The calculated Odds Ratio for risk indicated a 1.2-fold (1-1.6) higher frequency of seizures with Levetiracetam usage. Risk analysis revealed a 1.5%-fold (1.2-1.9) higher incidence of seizures with the use of well-known drugs in favor of lacosamide-zonisamide. Conclusion: SCSs are gaining increasing clinical significance in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The relationship between these periods of sleep and SCSs is important for future research with a larger number of patients and medical professionals. © 2025, Pamukkale University. All rights reserved
Bilim tarihi ve felsefesi bağlamında düşünce deneyleri
No full textBilimsel düşünce deneylerinin nasıl ele alınması ve değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulması gerektiğine dair tartışma hala güncelliğini muhafaza etmekte ve üzerine yeni perspektifler sunulmaya da devam etmektedir. Biz de bu tez çalışmasında mevcut tartışma ortamında kendimize bir pozisyon belirleyerek deneyselci yaklaşıma dair bir savunma gerçekleştireceğiz. Pozisyonumuzu tez çalışmamızdaki üç ana bölüm altında gerekçelendirerek adım adım ilerleyeceğiz. İlk bölümde bilimsel düşünce deneylerine giriş yaparak bu yöntemin nasıl ortaya çıktığını, ne gibi işlevlere sahip olduğunu, idealizasyon problemini, deney kavramı çerçevesinde nasıl tanımlanması gerektiğini gösterecek ve son noktada da literatüre dair bir tartışma yürüteceğiz. İkinci bölümde ise bilim tarihine başvurarak başta Galileo olmak üzere Newton ile birlikte bilimsel düşünce deneylerinin kullanımlarını incelemeye alacağız. Bu bölümde özellikle Galileo üzerinden bilimsel düşünce deneylerinin ne amaçla ve nasıl kurgulandığını, kullanımının bilim tarihinde nasıl bir etkiye yol açtığını, doğru bir şekilde kurgulanan bilimsel düşünce deneyinin ne denli bir güce sahip olduğunu göstereceğiz. Son olarak üçüncü bölümde ise bir taksonomi oluşturarak bilimsel düşünce deneylerinin nasıl değerlendirildiği üzerine bir tartışma yürüteceğiz. Bu bölümde ilk etapta hem geçmiş hem de güncel perspektifler incelemeye alınacak, ikinci etapta ise söz konusu perspektiflerin bizim açımızdan eksik ve hatalı noktaları gösterilecektir. Akabinde de bilimsel düşünce deneylerinin nasıl ele alınıp değerlendirilmesi gerektiğine dair deneyselci alternatife yönelik bir savunma gerçekleştirilecektirThe debate on how scientific thought experiments should be approached and evaluated is still up to date and new perspectives continue to be offered. In this thesis, we will defend the experimentalist position by taking a position in the current debate. We will proceed step by step by justifying our position in the three main chapters of this thesis. In the first section, we will introduce scientific thought experiments, show how this method emerged, what functions it has, the problem of idealization, how it should be defined within the framework of the concept of experiment, and finally we will conduct a discussion on the literature. In the second section, we will look at the history of science and examine the use of scientific thought experiments with Galileo and Newton in particular. In this section, we will show, especially through Galileo, for what purpose and for how scientific thought experiments are designed, what impact their use has had on the history of science, and how much power a properly designed scientific thought experiment has. Finally, in the third section, we will create a taxonomy and discuss how scientific thought experiments are evaluated. In this section, both past and current perspectives will be analyzed in the first part, and in the second part, we will point out the deficiencies and mistakes of these perspectives from our point of view. Subsequently, there will be a defense of the empiricist alternative on how scientific thought experiments should be handled and evaluated
Evaluation of Quality Parameters of Fried Chicken Chips Containing Different Levels of Roasted Chickpea and Corn Flour
No full textThe effect of roasted chickpea and corn flour on the quality characteristics of chicken breast meat-based chips was evaluated in the present study. The chips are prepared in three formulations as follows: CC-1 (5 % corn-15 % roasted chickpea flour), CC-2 (10 % corn-10 % roasted chickpea flour), and CC-3 (15 % corn-5 % roasted chickpea flour). The chips dough was placed into a single screw extruder, and the extrudates were dried for 1.5 h at 50 degrees C to get final moisture content of 10 %. Afterward, the extrudate samples were deep-fat fried for 30 s at 180 degrees C using a deep fryer, cooled on a baking tray for 20 min at room temperature, manually coated with ready chip spices as a flavoring in each baking tray and performed with chemical analyses such as proximate composition, pH value, TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) value, carbonyl content and hardness value. The results showed that CC-1, and CC-2 samples had similar moisture, protein, and ash contents, while CC-3 samples were statistically higher in fat, and carbohydrate content compared to other samples (P 0.05). The amounts of roasted chickpea and corn flour significantly affected the pH value of the chips (P 0.05). TBARS values, and carbonyl contents showed statistically increments (P 0.05) up to 60 days at room temperature were observed for all samples. A decrease in hardness was observed in all samples with storage, but an increase was observed with increasing corn flour level. The meat-based chips provided both an alternative to new gluten-free products for celiacs, and an important source of protein for athletes