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Influence Of Preheating Procedure And Polymerization Modes On Degree Of Conversion Of Contemporary Resin Composites
No full textObjective: To evaluate the effects of preheating procedure and polymerization modes on degree of conversion (DC) of resin composites. Methods: Three different types of composites-a conventional (GrandioSO-[GSO]), a bulkfill (GrandioSO x-tra-[GSX]), and a thermoviscous bulkfill (VisCalor bulk-[VCB])-were investigated. Three specimens were prepared for each combination of the variables (composite type*preheating procedure*polymerization mode). Photo-polymerization was performed using an LED operated in standard (SM), high power plus (HM), and x-tra power (XM) modes. DC was measured with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy after 5 min and 24 h post-irradiation. Furthermore, three-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey test at a significance level of P .05 were performed to compare the DC values. Results: Considering the DC values at two post-irradiation time, preheated VCB group polymerized with HM gave the highest DC value, while GSX cured with XM, regardless of the preheating exhibited the lowest one. Preheating application caused a statistically significant increase in the DC values of the VCB*SM, VCB*HM, and GSO*HM groups at both evaluation periods, and the GSX*SM group at 24h post-irradiation. Regarding the polymerization mode, the ranking depending on the significant differences among all preheated composites tested at both time intervals was HM > SM > XM. Conclusion: Preheating generally exhibited favorable effects on the DC of all tested composites, with the most significant impact observed in VCB. Additionally, polymerization with x-tra power mode is not recommended to achieve a sufficient DC required for clinically acceptable restorations. © 2025, Ataturk Universitesi. All rights reserved
Validity and Reliability of the Breast Cancer Comfort Assessment Scale in Palliative Care
No full textBreast cancer is a disease that requires palliative care and comfort. The current study aimed to adapt the scale used to assess the comfort level of breast cancer patients receiving palliative care, for the Turkish population, and to contribute to the literature. A total of 340 breast cancer patients who were registered at a university hospital's oncology outpatient clinic, received therapy, and returned for follow-up were included in the study. Data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, Comfort Assessment Breast Cancer Instrument, and General Comfort Scale short form. The International Testing Commission Guide's (2018) suggestions were applied during the scale's modification procedure. The scale's Kaiser Meyer Olkin value was 0.78, and 4454.53 was the Barlett's test result. Fit indices for the confirmatory factor analysis were CFI=0.885, GFI=0.927, and chi 2/df=2.612. The scale's Spearman-Brown correlation value is 0.78, and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.85. The Comfort Assessment Breast Cancer Instrument's Turkish version provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing the comfort of breast cancer patients. The use of it can help determine the comfort level of breast cancer patients receiving palliative care and inform the development of interventions and care practices throughout each stage of the disease
Association of the Pituitary Gland Height With Variant Sella Morphology in Children
No full textUlku, Goktug/0000-0003-1430-2977Purpose To analyze the relationship of the height of the pituitary gland (HPG) with the heights of the dorsum sellae (HDS) and tuberculum sellae (HTS) on pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) views. Methods MRI slices of 180 healthy children (100 males and 80 females) aged 1-18 years were included in the study. Results Average HPG, HTS and HDS values were determined as 6.66 +/- 1.58 mm, 10.97 +/- 1.99 mm, 13.62 +/- 2.67 mm, respectively. No statistically significant difference was determined between the measurements in term of sex. All parameters correlated with pediatric ages. HPG increased up to the prepubescent period, and decreased after this period (p 0.001). HDS and HTS increased with an irregular pattern (p 0.001). There were six children (3.33%) with HPG > 10 mm. There was no child with HPG/HDS > 1 or HPG/HTS > 1. Conclusion This work provided three substantial additions to the literature as follows: (a) all pediatric HPGs were distinctly smaller than HDSs and HTSs, (b) some children (3.33%) at puberty (age range: 10-14 years), regardless of sex, might have a HPG > 10 mm, even though there was no pathology at the pituitary gland, and (c) to our knowledge, this retrospective MRI examination evaluated the relation of HPG with variant sella morphology in normal children for the first time in the literature
Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Epoxy Resin Samples Reinforced With Various Thermoset Wastes
No full textThermosets are a type of polymer material that does not change shape after production and is used in sectors such as automotive and electronics. Since thermosets do not soften when heated, they cannot be reshaped. For this reason, the recycling rates of thermosets are quite limited. In this study, the use of thermoset wastes as reinforcement elements in epoxy matrix was investigated. For this purpose, thermoset wastes with tensile strengths of 120 MPa and 85 MPa were pulverized and added into the matrix at rates of 3%, 6% and 9%. As a result, it was found that the best abrasion performance was achieved with 6% reinforcement in both thermoset reinforcements. According to the surface roughness measurement results, it was determined that the surface roughness values of all samples were in the range of 2,00 to 2,50 µm and that the surface roughness values decreased in reinforced samples compared to unreinforced samples. According to the hardness measurements, it was observed that the samples, especially those containing 9 grams of 120 MPa strength additive, had the highest hardness values in vacuum and non-vacuum conditions.Termosetler, otomotiv, elektronik gibi sektörlerde kullanılan, üretildikten sonra tekrar şekil değiştirmeyen polimer malzeme türüdür. Termosetler ısıtıldıklarında yumuşamadıkları için yeniden şekillendirilmeleri mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle termosetlerin geri dönüşüm oranları oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, termoset atıkların epoksi matris içine takviye eleman olarak kullanımı incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çekme dayanımı 120 MPa ve 85 MPa olan termoset atıklar toz haline getirilerek, matris içine %3, %6 ve %9 oranlarında eklenmiştir. Sonuç olarak her iki termoset takviye kullanımında da en iyi aşınma performansının %6 oranında takviye ile gerçekleştiği bulunmuştur. Yapılan yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçüm sonuçlarına göre ise, tüm numunelerin yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri 2,00 ila 2,50 µm aralığında olduğu ve takviyeli numunelerde takviyesiz numunelere göre yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerlerinin düştüğü saptanmıştır. Sertlik ölçümlerine göre ise, özellikle de 9'ar gram 120 MPa dayanıma sahip katkı maddesi içeren numunelerde vakumlu ya da vakumsuz halde en fazla sertlik değerine sahip oldukları görülmüştür
Chrysin Protects Neuronal Cells Against Carboplatin Exposure-Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Damage
No full textChemotherapy drugs such as carboplatin (Carb) are widely used to treat various cancers, including testicular, lung, and ovarian cancer. Although Carb primarily targets cancer cells, it can also damage healthy cells, including neuron, leading to potential adverse effects. Notably, some side effects of Carb therapy are associated with nerve cells and the nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of chrysin (Chr) against Carb-induced oxidative toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The ameliorative effects of Chr on Carb-induced cellular toxicity were evaluated through cell viability assay, lipid peroxidation (LPO) analysis, TUNEL assay and immunocytochemistry staining. The results indicated that Chr mitigates Carb toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through alleviating cell viability and reducing LPO levels. The study also demonstrated that Carb treatment caused apoptosis by causing DNA strand breaks while Chr treatment alleviated these effects. These findings suggest that Chr, may diminish the apoptotic effects of Carb in SHSY5Y cells and could provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating cell damage caused by Carb. © 2025 Suleyman Demirel University. All rights reserved.Bingöl Üniversitesi, (BAP-FEF.2021.009); Bingöl Üniversites
Investigating the Impacts of Environmental, Social, and Governance (Esg) Dimensions on Commodity Financialization Using a Fourier Volatility Transmission Analysis
No full textThis study examines the evolving integration - or 'financialization' - of commodity and equity markets, focusing on how diversified U.S. equity mutual funds interact with both energy and non-energy commodities. We employ a Fourier Volatility Transmission Analysis to detect volatility spillovers between 1404 diversified equity funds and commodity markets. This approach is particularly adept at capturing gradual structural shifts that traditional models often miss. In the subsequent phase, we investigate whether individual fund characteristics, including ESG dimensions, influence the probability and strength of these transmissions. Our empirical findings reveal significant volatility spillovers between fund returns and commodity prices, with energy commodities exhibiting a higher degree of financialization compared to non-energy commodities. Notably, ESG criteria emerge as important determinants in shaping these interactions, though their impact on fund flows is relatively muted. These findings suggest that managers, who predominantly control returns, may be more susceptible to ESG components than investors (via flows). This possible disconnect can have significant market and policy implications. Requiring standardized and transparent ESG metrics can aid both managers and investors in understanding the impacts of ESG dimensions on volatility integrations and aligning their strategies.Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)We would like to thank the Editor and anonymous reviewers for the invaluable comments that helped us to improve our study. Saban Nazlioglu would like to acknowledge the support of the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) as an associate member. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors; and do not necessarily represent the views of the affiliated organizations
Understanding Primary Charge Separation and Revealing Fermi's Golden Rule in the Heliobacterium Modesticaldum Reaction Center
No full textWe investigate the spectroscopic properties and charge transfer (CT) processes in the homodimeric reaction center of Heliobacterium modesticaldum (HbRC), for which we report the first-principles calculation of Fermi's golden rule (FGR) for the first time in the literature. HbRC is the simplest known analogue to other photosystems and consists of the SPP molecule, the adjacent Acc, and key amino acid residues (His537 and Gln458), along with two water molecules. We identify intrapair CT processes within the SPP molecule, which acts as the donor for the simplified model used in this study. We also examine the SPP+Acc- CT processes, where we demonstrate, in agreement with experimental findings, symmetric hole-electron delocalization across both Acc monomers. The calculated forward CT states are lower in energy than the bright states, facilitating electron transfer through a downhill CT reaction pathway. To explore the influence of surrounding molecular pigments on the electronic structure and FGR rate, we use augmented models incorporating nonsymmetrized molecular orientations. Most FGR rates are found to be on the order of picoseconds (ps). All electronic parameters are derived using an optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid functional within a polarizable continuum model (SRSH-PCM), considering different dielectric constants.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu [123Z591, TUBITAK 1001]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK); TUBITAKThis study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) under Grant Number 123Z591 (TUBITAK 1001). Authors M.E. and H.A. thank TUBITAK for their support. The authors are thankful to Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Science for computing facilities and making the resources available to complete the reported research
Sex-Based Estimation of Biological Variation in Plasma-Free Amino Acid Concentrations Among Healthy Adults
No full textIntroduction: Free amino acid (FAA) analysis plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring inborn errors of metabolism, assessing nutritional status, and identifying metabolic imbalances associated with various diseases. This study aimed to provide updated biological variation (BV) data to support the reliable clinical application of FAA concentrations in plasma samples, utilizing LC-MS/MS. Materials and methods: Venous blood was collected from 22 healthy Turkish adults (9 men and 13 women) over approximately nine weeks. Plasma FAAs were measured in duplicate. BV estimates with 95 % confidence intervals were determined using nested ANOVA for the entire study group and sex-stratified subgroups, following analysis of outliers, normality, steady-state conditions, and variance homogeneity. Results: Within-subject variation (CVI) and between-subject variation (CVG) estimates ranged from 9.5 % to 32.5 % and 8.6 % to 50.0 %, respectively. The estimated CVI values for essential amino acids were significantly lower than those for non-essential amino acids (P = 0.03). For most plasma FAAs, no significant differences in CVI (except for alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, and threonine) or CVG were observed between sexes. However, differences in the indices of individuality were noted between men and women for some plasma FAAs. Conclusions: This Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist-compliant study provides the first updated BV data for plasma FAAs. The significant variation observed in CVI estimates is hypothesized to result from differences in the metabolic regulation of essential versus non-essential amino acids. The sex-stratified indices obtained in this study will aid in the appropriate application of population-based reference intervals for plasma FAA assessment.BOLD>Funding/BOLD> This study was funded by the Research Fund of the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Project number: 22.GENEL.011.Research Fund of the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University [22
An Examination on the Glossary of Philosophy Terms in Karakalpak Turkish
No full textThis study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current state, origins, and structural features of philosophical terms in Karakalpak Turkic. The research seeks to reveal the potential of Karakalpak Turkic as a philosophical and scientific language. The historical development of philosophical terminology in Karakalpak Turkic is examined, and the linguistic, cultural, and social dimensions of terminology studies are analyzed. In this study, which analyzes philosophical terms in terms of meaning, structure, and origin, a total of 337 terms have been evaluated in detail. It was determined that 29% of the analyzed terms are simple, 45% are derived, and 26% are compound in structure. An origin-based analysis shows that the terms are largely borrowed from foreign languages, particularly Russian, Latin, and Greek. However, the proportion of terms with Turkic origins is relatively low. The research was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods, enriched with literature reviews, surveys, and in-depth interviews. The findings highlight the development of the terminological system in Karakalpak Turkic and reveal its deficiencies in this field. The results of the study emphasize the need to enhance the scientific capacity of the language and to prepare a Turkicized philosophical term dictionary for Karakalpak Turkic. In conclusion, this research contributes to the systematic examination of philosophical terms in Karakalpak Turkic, aiming to shed light on the potential of the language as a scientific tool and its cultural heritage. The planned comprehensive philosophical term dictionary is expected to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and students in this field.Bu araştırma, Karakalpak Türkçesindeki felsefe terimlerinin mevcut durumunu, kökenlerini ve yapısal özelliklerini inceleyerek kapsamlı bir değerlendirme sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Karakalpak Türkçesinin felsefi ve bilimsel bir dil olarak gelişim potansiyelini ortaya koymayı hedeflemiştir. Araştırma kapsamında, Karakalpak Türkçesinde felsefe terminolojisinin tarihsel gelişimi ele alınmış ve terminoloji çalışmalarının dilbilimsel, kültürel ve toplumsal boyutları incelenmiştir. Felsefe terimlerinin anlam, yapı ve köken açısından analiz edildiği bu çalışmada, toplam 337 terim detaylı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen terimlerin %29'u basit, %45'i türemiş ve %26'sı birleşik yapıda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Köken açısından yapılan analizler, terimlerin büyük ölçüde yabancı dillerden, özellikle Rusça, Latince ve Yunanca gibi dillerden ödünç alındığını göstermiştir. Buna karşın, Türkçe kökenli terimlerin oranı oldukça düşüktür. Araştırma hem nicel hem de nitel yöntemler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve literatür taraması, anket çalışmaları ve derinlemesine görüşmelerle zenginleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Karakalpak Türkçesindeki terminolojik sistemin gelişimini ve bu alandaki eksiklikleri ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, dilin bilimsel kapasitesinin artırılması ve felsefe alanında Karakalpak Türkçesi için bir Türkçeleştirilmiş terim sözlüğünün hazırlanması gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırma, Karakalpak Türkçesindeki felsefi terimlerin sistematik bir şekilde ele alınmasına katkı sağlayarak, dilin bilimsel bir araç olarak gelişim potansiyeline ve Karakalpak kültürel mirasına ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Hazırlanacak olan aktarmalı felsefe terimleri sözlüğünün, bu alandaki araştırmacılara ve öğrencilere değerli bir kaynak sağlaması beklenmektedir
Evaluation of Patients With Traumatic Vertebral Fractures and Accompanying Rib Fractures in Terms of Complication Development and Need for Surgery
No full textBiceroglu, Huseyin/0000-0003-2306-0826Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate patients with traumatic vertebral fractures and accompanying rib fractures in terms of complication development and need for surgery. Methods: Between January 2019 and September 2022, a total of 173 patients (138 males, 35 females; mean age: 53.0 +/- 18.5 years; range, 17 to 95 years) who had vertebral and accompanying rib fractures due to blunt and penetrating trauma were retrospectively examined. The patients were divided into three groups: upper cervical (n=8), lower cervical (n=31), and thoracolumbar (n=134). Among the groups, trauma mechanisms, rib fracture numbers, accompanying thoracic pathologies, complication developments, and need for surgery were compared. Results: There was a significant difference between men and women in terms of trauma mechanisms (p=0.001). The mean number of accompanying rib fractures was 5.03 +/- 3.19. Number of accompanying rib fractures was higher in patients who developed complications compared to those who did not develop complications (p=0.007). Accompanying hemothorax was significantly higher in patients with upper cervical vertebral fractures (p=0.019). Need for spinal surgery to be significantly higher in patients with upper cervical vertebral fractures (p0.01). Development of complications was higher in patients with burst fracture than in those without (p=0.004). There was a significantly higher need for spinal surgery in patients with burst fractures and lamina fractures (p0.001 for both). Conclusion: Identification of risk groups is critical for the management of trauma patients. The type and level of vertebral fractures are related to the presence of hemothorax, the development of complications, and the need for surgery