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Effects of Heat Treatments on the Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Properties of Biologically Degummed Okra Bast Fibers
No full textLignocellulosic fibers produced from okra stems via biological degumming were subjected to environmentally-friendly heat treatments where neither chemicals nor water were consumed. The treatments were conducted under various temperatures (100-160 degrees C) for different durations (150-600 min). The effects of heat on the morphological, chemical, and thermal properties of okra bast fibers were scrutinized. Heat treatments resulted in fibrillation and separation of extracellulosic constituents. Exposure to 160 degrees C led to fiber color darkening due to starting of thermal degradation of fiber components. The applied thermal treatments led to change of cellulose structure from native cellulose I to cellulose II as suggested by FT-IR, XRD, and thermogravimetric analyses. Slight change in cellulose crystallinity was observed upon exposure to high temperatures. The heat treatments attenuated the effect of moisture on okra bast fiber's chemical properties and improved thermal stability. Okra bast fibers showed endurance in the studied temperature and duration ranges
Potential Use of Zno Anchored Boron Industrial Waste Microparticles as a Novel Eco-Friendly Activator in Cis-Polybutadiene /Natural Rubber Composites
No full textBoron industrial waste (BIW) is a commercially valuable raw material in many industries. The evaluation of BIW is of increasing importance because of the rapid and growing consumption of raw material resources in the world. In this study, the BIW was modified by ZnO and then the ZnO anchored boron industrial waste (ZnO_BIW) was used as an activator in the vulcanization of cis-polybutadiene/natural rubber (cis-PB/NR/ZnO_BIW) composites to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into nature in the rubber industry, as well as decrease the vulcanization time, resulting in energy saving. The composites were prepared using different loads of ZnO_BIW (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 phr), whose optimum proportions of commercial ZnO are used in the rubber industry. BIW, ZnO_BIW and cis-PB/NR/ZnO_BIW composites were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD. The effect of the ZnO_BIW incorporation amount on the rheological, structural, and physico-mechanical properties of the cis-PB/NR/ZnO_BIW composites was assessed and the properties of the rubber composites were compared with each other. According to the results, 5 phr of ZnO_BIW has been given significantly better performance in tensile strength (15.97 N/mm2), elongation at break (742.47 %), optimum cure time (12.26 min), and cure rate index (12.47 min-1) in comparison with the other phr ratios. It was found that the new activator could be used as a curing activator and simultaneously reinforcing filler. The utilization of ZnO_BIW as an activator to produce rubber products can greatly promote rubber technology to be cost-effective and has ecological potentials.The authors would like to thank OZERBAND Conveyor Belt Industry and Trade Inc., Turkey for their support to the study. The authors thank to Middle East Technical University Central Laboratory R;D Training and Measurement Center for performing Raman measurements. The author also thank to Pamukkale University and Recep Tayyip Erdogan University for FESEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD analysis.OZERBAND Conveyor Belt Industry and Trade Inc., Turke
Investigation of the Effects of Hydrothermal Aging on the Crushing Properties of Carbon/Epoxy Fiber Reinforced Pipes
No full textIn this study, the crushing properties of carbon/epoxy fiber-reinforced composite pipes with different winding angles (+/- 55 degrees and +/- 70 degrees) aged in different environmental environments were investigated experimentally. The samples produced with the wet filament winding method were kept in distilled water and seawater environments at 30 degrees C for 2500 h. Water absorption amounts were calculated experimentally and theoretically. Aged samples were subjected to crushing tests to determine their mechanical properties such as energy absorption, load-carrying capacity, and crushing load efficiency. According to the experimental results, the samples aged in distilled water absorbed more water than those aged in seawater. It was also observed that as the winding angle incremented, the water absorption rates increased in both liquid types. The maximum and minimum water absorptions were 3.95% and 2.89% in the samples aged in distilled water with a winding angle of 70 degrees and in seawater with a winding angle of 55 degrees, respectively. From the crushing test results, aging conditions negatively affected the sample performance in all mechanical properties. The main reason for this can be said to be the deterioration of the matrix structure due to aging and the decrease in fiber/matrix bonding ability. The maximum specific energy absorption was obtained from unconditioned pipes with 36.47 J/g, which was 23% higher than the samples kept in distilled water and 33.7% higher than those aged in seawater. In addition, it was determined that the increase in the winding angles examined caused decreases in the load-carrying capacity and specific energy absorption
The Relationship Between Health Expenditures and Inflation by Provinces in Türkiye: Wavelet Coherence Analysis
No full textThe aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between inflation and health expenditures in T ; uuml;rkiye. The relationship between inflation, and health expenditures has been frequently analyzed. Existing studies generally prefer to use classical time series analyses for investigation of relationship between inflation and health expenditures. However, these analyses fail to reveal the contagion and interdependence effects. In order to reveal these effects, Wavelet analysis is preferred in this study. In this study, health expenditure for 81 provinces of T ; uuml;rkiye and inflation variables (PPI and CPI) are analyzed with Wavelet coherence analysis for the period 2004-2022. Wavelet coherence analysis allows for the investigation of the contagion and interdependence effects between the variables in short-, medium- and long-term cycles. According to the findings of the study, the relationship between health expenditures and inflation variables differs in seven regions of T ; uuml;rkiye. Moreover, interdependence effects between health expenditures and PPI are observed in almost all provinces. On the other hand, both contagion and interdependence effects are observed between CPI
The Effect of Family-Involved Stem Education on Girls' Engineering Habits of Mind
No full textErol, Ahmet/0000-0002-7538-952XThis study aimed to support the development of engineering habits of mind in girls through family-involved STEM education. The participants were 3rd-grade primary school children. A pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was employed as a quantitative research method. The Engineering Habits of Mind Scale was used as the data collection tool. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the intervention and control groups. The findings revealed that the engineering habits of mind in the intervention group, which received engineering-based STEM education, were higher than those in the control group, which followed the national curriculum. Additionally, the intervention group demonstrated higher posttest scores than their pretest scores. These findings suggest that family-involved STEM education positively supports the development of engineering habits of mind in girls.This study was supported under the supervision of Dr. Mustafa EROL within the scope of "TUBITAK 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program (Project No: 1919B012302517)".Scope of "TUBITAK 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program" [1919B012302517
The Relationships Between Anthropometric Measurements, Organ Weights and Intracranial, Carotid and Coronary Atherosclerosis
No full textBackgroundAtherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular-cerebrovascular diseases. Obesity and atherosclerosis are related, and obesity can lead to systemic diseases and an increase in organ weight. Anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, waist circumference and hip circumference are used to determine the risk of obesity. We conducted this study to evaluate the relationship between obesity and atherosclerosis in postmortem cases. We aimed to determine the relationships among anthropometric measurements; subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness; atherosclerosis in the intracranial, carotid, and coronary arteries and organ weights.MethodsProspective data analysis was performed from 230 forensic autopsies of 18-75-year-olds from 22/01/2020 to 22/01/2021. Age, sex, history of disease, cause of death, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, and organ weights of the patients were recorded. Atheroma plaques and stenosis in the intracranial, carotid, and coronary arteries were examined. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29. The Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal Wallis tests were employed to compare continuous variables. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test.ResultsThis study included 187 (81.3%) males and 43 (18.7%) females, and the mean age of the patients was 49.3 +/- 17.5 years. Body mass index was significantly and positively correlated with waist circumference, hip circumference, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, and the waist/hip ratio. Body mass index, waist/hip ratio, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness were significantly positively correlated with heart, liver, kidney, and spleen weights. While body mass index, waist/hip ratio, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness were negatively correlated with brain weight in females, this correlation was not detected in males. There were significant associations between the waist/hip ratio and atheroma plaque in the intracranial arteries and >= 50% stenosis in the LAD-RCA arteries.ConclusionsThe methods used in the assessment of obesity are important. In study, obesity was approached from a broad perspective by evaluating anthropometric measurements used for obesity diagnosis and atherosclerosis together with organ weights in postmortem cases. We believe that our study will contribute to the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors
Combined and Alone Apoptotic Effects of Ankaferd Hemostat and Silver Nanoparticles on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (Cml) Cell Line K562
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ankaferd hemostat (ABS; Ankaferd Blood Stopper®) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), alone or in combination, on human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Materials and methods: The cytotoxicity of ABS and AgNPs on K562 CML cells was assessed using the XTT assay, measuring cell viability over time and across different doses. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) was determined at 72 hours. Apoptosis-related gene expression was analyzed by Real-Time PCR, and oxidative stress was assessed by total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Results: AgNPs reduced cell viability at higher doses, with the IC50 for 40 nm AgNPs being 107.8854 ppm at 72 hours. ABS reduced cell viability by 75% even at maximum dose. Significant changes (p0.05) were observed in bcl-2, caspase-8 and CDK4 in the AgNPs group. In the ABS group, bcl-2, and CDK4 expressions were significantly elevated. The combined treatment increased caspase-8 and caspase-9 expressions, promoting apoptosis. No significant differences were found in TAS-TOS, but all groups showed higher oxidant activity compared to the control, with the combination group exhibiting the highest antioxidant effect. Conclusion: ABS, a herbal treatment with minimal side effects, and AgNPs, a promising therapeutic agent, both showed potential in inhibiting tumor cells. Their combination enhanced apoptotic effects, warranting further investigation. © 2025, Pamukkale University. All rights reserved
Görsel sanatlar eğitimi alan öğretmen adaylarının çevrelerindeki görsel uyaranların eserleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi
No full textAraştırmanın amacı; görsel sanatlar öğretmen adaylarının, eserleri üzerindeki; çevrelerindeki genel uyaranların, etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında ayrıca, görsel sanatlar öğretmen adaylarının sanat izleyicisine vermek istedikleri mesajlar da araştırılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, görsel sanatlar öğretmen adaylarının, çevrelerindeki görsel uyaranların, eserleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi sanat eğitimi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu; Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi, Resim İş Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalında, 2022-2023 Eğitim-Öğretim Yılı Bahar Dönemi’nde örgün öğrenim gören dördüncü sınıf düzeyindeki, ana sanatı resim olan on bir görsel sanatlar öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın kuramsal çerçevesinde; açıklanması gerekli görülen Sanat ve Sanat Eğitimi, Görsel ve Estetik Algı, Gestalt Kuramı, Görsel Kültür, Görsel Metinlerarasılık kavramlarına değinilmiştir. Görsel sanatlar öğretmeni adaylarının, görsel ve estetik algılarıyla, sanatsal deneyimlerini etkileyen unsurların ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla; çevrelerindeki ve öğrenim gördükleri atölyedeki, genel uyaranlara ilişkin yorumlarına başvurulmuştur. Bu yorumları anlayabilmek için, araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan, durum çalışması ve örneklem yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, katılımcıların görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmak için görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda; öğretmen adaylarının, çevrelerindeki sanat eserlerine karşı algılarına ilişkin düşünceleri, öğretmen adaylarının, çalışmalarında etkilendikleri genel uyaranlara ilişkin düşünceleri, öğretmen adaylarının atölye çalışmalarını etkileyen unsurlara ilişkin düşünceleri, öğretmen adaylarının uygulama çalışmalarının sonucunda vermek istedikleri mesajlara ilişkin düşünceleri olmak üzere dört ana tema belirlenmiştir. Görsel sanatlar öğretmen adaylarının,
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öğrenim gördükleri atölye ortamındaki eğitmenlerin ve atölye arkadaşlarının kendi çalışmaları üzerindeki etkileri dikkatle gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda; görsel sanatlar öğretmen adaylarının sanatsal çalışmalarında, tarihteki sanatçıların ve eserlerinin, sanat dönemlerinin, çevrelerindeki genel uyaranların, çok önemli etkenler olduğuna ulaşılmıştır. Ana sanat resim atölye çalışma ortamlarını etkileyen faktörler ve sanat izleyicisine vermek istedikleri mesajlar hususunda da önemli sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırmada edilen sonuçlarla görsel sanatlar eğitimi alan lisans öğrencilerinin çalışma ortamını daha etkin kullanmalarını sağlayacağı, etkilendikleri görsel öğelerin, genel uyaranların ve görsel kültür öğelerinin farkına vararak, eserlerini bu unsurlar yardımıyla oluşturacakları öngörülmektedir.The purpose of the research is to examine the effects of general stimuli in their environment on the works of visual arts teacher candidates. In addition, the messages that visual arts teacher candidates want to give to the art audience were investigated within the scope of the research. In line with this purpose, the examination of the effects of visual arts teacher candidates' visual stimuli in their environment on their works was evaluated in terms of art education. The study group of the research consists of eleven visual arts teacher candidates who are in the fourth grade of formal education in Pamukkale University, Faculty of Education, Department of Fine Arts Education, Department of Painting and Crafts Education, in the Spring Semester of the 2022-2023 Academic Year, and whose main art is painting.I n the theoretical framework of the research; the concepts of Art and Art Education, Visual and Aesthetic Perception, Gestalt Theory, Visual Culture, Visual Intertextuality, which are deemed necessary to be explained, were mentioned. In order to reveal the visual arts teacher candidates' visual and aesthetic perceptions and the elements that affect their artistic experiences; their comments on general stimuli in their environment and in the workshop where they study were consulted. In order to understand these comments, the qualitative research methods, case study and sample methods, criterion sampling, were used as research methods. The interview form was used as a data collection tool to reveal the opinions of the participants. As a result of the analyses; four main themes were determined as the teacher candidates' thoughts on their perceptions of the works of art in their environment, the teacher candidates' thoughts on the general stimuli they are affected by in their studies, the teacher candidates' thoughts on the elements that affect the workshop
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studies, and the teacher candidates' thoughts on the messages they want to give as a result of their practice studies. The effects of the instructors and workshop friends in the workshop environment where the visual arts teacher candidates study on their own works were carefully observed. As a result of the research; It was concluded that the artists and their works in history, art periods, and general stimuli in their environment are very important factors in the artistic works of the visual arts teacher candidates. Important results were also reached regarding the factors affecting the main art painting workshop work environments and the messages they want to give to the art audience. It is predicted that the results obtained in this study will enable undergraduate students receiving visual arts education to use their work environment more effectively, and that they will become aware of the visual elements, general stimuli and visual culture elements that affect them and create their works with the help of these elements
Use of a Specialized Peptide-Based Enteral Formula Containing Medium-Chain Triglycerides for Enteral Tube Feeding in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Previous Tube Feeding Intolerance on Standard Enteral Formula: a Prospective Observational Tolerup Study
No full textObjective Use of peptide-based formulas supplemented with medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) is considered a beneficial strategy to decrease the tube-feeding associated gastrointestinal tolerance. In children with cerebral palsy (CP), overall effects of enteral tube feeding as well as the utility of peptide-based specialized enteral formulas in those with gastrointestinal intolerance have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of enteral tube feeding via specialized peptide-based formula containing MCTs in children with CP in terms of gastrointestinal intolerance, anthropometrics, defecation characteristics and parental satisfaction with enteral formula.Methods Children with CP who received enteral tube feeding via specialized peptide-based formula containing MCTs were included in this prospective observational study. Anthropometrics (z scores for weight for age [WFA], weight for height [WFH], triceps skinfold thickness [TSFT] and mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC]), gastrointestinal intolerance symptoms, defecation frequency and stool patterns and formula satisfaction were recorded at baseline and during 6-month follow up.Results A total of 96 children with CP (mean +/- SD age: 5.6 +/- 3.2 years, 56.3% were boys) were included. Significant improvements were noted in MUAC, TSFT and WFH z scores at the 6th month visit. The rate of "severe symptoms" and the likelihood of Type-1/Type-2 (constipation) stool pattern were significantly decreased. Majority of parents were satisfied with the study formula.Conclusion Our findings revealed favorable efficacy and safety of using a specialized peptide-based formula containing MCT in provision of enteral tube feeding among children with CP in terms of improved anthropometrics, amelioration of gastrointestinal intolerance symptoms and normalization of bowel movements along with a high parental satisfaction.Abbott Nutrition Turkey; Kappa Training Consultancy Research LL - Abbott Nutrition TurkeyThe authors would like to thank Cagla Ayhan, MD and Prof. Sule Oktay, MD, PhD. from Kappa Training Consultancy Research LL (Izmir, Turkey) who provided editorial support funded by Abbott Nutrition Turkey, Sinan Ozgur Aydin and Evrim Koseoglu from CRM Contract Research Organization (Ankara, Turkey) for statistical analysis funded by Abbott Nutrition Turkey, and Klinar Contract Research Organization (Ankara, Turkey)