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Girişim sermayesi (özel sermaye) finansman modeli ve Türkiye için bir uygulama
No full textGirişim sermayesi finansman modeli, yüksek büyüme potansiyeline sahip ancak geleneksel finansal kaynaklara erişimi sınırlı olan işletmelere sermaye sağlarken; yatırımcılarına da uzun vadeli yüksek getiri vaat eden bir mekanizmadır. Bu model, yenilikçi ürünler geliştirme, yeni pazar ve müşterilere erişim, profesyonel yönetim gibi fırsatlar sunarak işletmelerin büyümesini ve kurumsal kapasite artışını destekler. Aynı zamanda, ülke ekonomisi açısından girişimcilik, istihdam yaratma ve ekonomik büyüme gibi alanlarda önemli bir rol oynar. Girişim sermayesi finansmanından beklenen başlıca etkiler, şirketlerin likidite, sermaye yapısında iyileşme, net kârlılıkta artış ve nihai olarak, bu olumlu gelişmelerin piyasadaki yansımasıdır. Spekülatif etkilerden kaçınılarak, piyasanın portföy şirketlerinin reel durumunu fiyatlaması, sistemin güvenilirliği ve devamlılığı için kritik öneme sahiptir. Yatırımlardan beklenen bu etkiler, tezin cevap aradığı temel soruları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, Türkiye'de girişim sermayesi yatırımlarının durumu incelenmiş ve yatırım alan portföy şirketlerinin finansal oranlarındaki değişimler, hisseleri Borsa İstanbul'da işlem gören şirketlerin 2009-2022 dönemi finansal verileri kullanılarak, Farkların Farkı metodolojisiyle analiz edilmiştir. Portföy şirketleri yatırım tarihlerine göre gruplandırılarak finansal verileri, kontrol grubu ve yatırım öncesi duruma göre mukayese edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda kademeli benimseme ve heterojen etkileri modele dahil eden güncel yaklaşımlar olan Callaway ; Sant’anna (2021) ile Sun ; Abraham (2021) yöntemleri ile ekonometrik analiz gerçekleştirilmiş ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, likidite ve ticari borç vadelerinde iyileşme gibi kısmi olumlu gelişmelere karşın; sermaye yapısında dönüşüm, satış yönetimi stratejilerinin net kârlılığa yansıması gibi temel beklentilerde negatif etkileri desteklemektedir. Dolayısıyla, Türkiye’de belirtilen zaman aralığında yapılan girişim sermayesi yatırımlarının beklenen etkileri oldukça sınırlı düzeyde karşıladığı belirtilebilir. Tezin önemli bulgularından bir diğeri, piyasadaki fiyatlama davranışlarında otaya çıkmıştır. Bu çerçevedeki bulgular, piyasada bu yatırımların, genel olarak reel finansal durum yeterince analiz edilmeden daha ziyade yatırım almanın fiyatlandığına işaret etmektedir. Bu kapsamda regülatörlerin özellikle bireysel yatırımcıları, asimetrik bilgi ve spekülatif etkilerden korumak için önlem almaları gerektiği ve çoğunlukla erken sinyal niteliğinde olan akademik çalışmaların ve ampirik uygulamaların artması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.The private equity financing model is a mechanism that provides capital to businesses with high growth potential but limited access to conventional financial resources, while offering investors the promise of long-term high returns. This model supports business growth and corporate capacity expansion by providing opportunities such as the development of innovative products, access to new markets and customers and professional management. It also plays a significant role in areas such as entrepreneurship, job creation, and economic growth within the national economy. The main expected effects of private equity financing include improvements in liquidity, capital structure, net profitability and ultimately, the market reflection of these positive developments. It is critical for the market to price the real situation of portfolio companies, avoiding speculative effects to ensure the reliability and sustainability of the system. These expected effects from investments constitute the fundamental questions that this thesis aims to address. In this framework, the status of private equity investments in Turkiye has been examined and changes in the financial ratios of the portfolio companies that received investments were analysed using the Difference-in-Differences methodology, with financial data of companies listed on Borsa Istanbul in the period 2009-2022. Portfolio companies were grouped according to their investment dates and their financial data were compared with a control group and the pre-investment condition. In this regard, an econometric analysis was conducted by using recent approaches of Callaway ; Sant'Anna (2021) and Sun ; Abraham (2021), which incorporate staggered adoption and heterogeneous effects into the model and results were interpreted. Despite partial positive developments like the ones in liquidity and commercial debt maturities, the results support negative effects on key expectations, such as capital structure transformation and the impact of sales management strategies on net profitability. Therefore, the private equity investments in Turkiye during the specified period achieved the expected effects to a rather limited extent. Another key finding emerged in the market pricing behaviour. The related results indicate that these investments are typically priced based on receiving investment, rather than a thorough analysis of the actual financial situation. In this context, it is emphasized that regulators need to take action to protect especially individual investors from asymmetric information and speculative effects and academic studies and empirical applications, which often serve as early signals, should be increased
Doksorubisinin kardiyotoksik etkisine karşı karvakrol ve C vitamininin kardiyoprotektif etkilerinin in vitro ortamda değerlendirilmesi
No full textBu çalışma Pamukkale Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi’nin 29.08.2024 tarih ve 2024TIPF015 nolu kararı ile desteklenmiştir.Doksorubisin ( DOX), hematolojik maligniteler ve solid tümörlerin tedavisinde uzun
yıllardır kullanılan antrasiklin türevi kemoterapötik ajanlardandır. Kardiyotoksik yan
etkileri klinik kullanımını kısıtlamaktadır. Deneysel çalışmalarda C vitamini ve
karvakrolün antioksidan etkileri gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızd a, patogenezinde
oksidatif stresin rol oynadığı doksorubisin ilişkili kardiyotoksisiteyi H9C2 hücre
hattı üzerinde modelleyerek C vitamini ve karvakrolün ayrı ayrı ve sinerjist etkilerini
araştırmayı amaçladık.
Karvakrol ve C vitamininin kardiyoprotektif e
tkilerinin, hem kontrol grubu ile hem
de doksorubisine maruz kalan hücreler ile değerlendirebilmek amacıyla hücre hatları
yedi gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar; kontrol, karvakrol, C vitamini, DOX, DOX+karvakrol,
DOX+C vitamini, DOX+karvakrol+C vitamini şeklindeydi.
Doksorubisin dozları 1,25
2,5 5 10 20 40 50 60 75 μM olarak belirlendi. Her alt grubun canlılık düzeyi 24., 48. ve 72. saatte ayrı ayrı ölçüldü. Böylece hücrelerin %50’sinin canlı kaldığı IC50 dozları 24.saatte 14,71 μM, 48.saatte 1,186 μM, 72.saate 0,272 μM olarak hesaplandı. Artan DOX dozunun ve geçen zamanın hücre canlılığına olumsuz etkisi görüldü. (p0,05).
Değişken dozlarda karvakrol ve C vitamini verilen gruplarda kontrol grubuna göre hücre canlılığı karşılaştırıldı. C vitamini verilen grupta 24.saatte, karvakrol verilen grupta hem 24. hem 72.saatte kontrol grubuna göre hücre canlılığının istatistiksel olarak arttığı saptandı. (p0,05).
IC 50 dozunda DOX ile birlikte çeşitli dozlarda karvakrol ve C vitamini verilen hücreler sadece IC50 dozunda DOX alan grup ile karşılaştırıldı. DOX+ C vitamini verilen grubun canlılık yüzdesi 24.saatte, DOX+ karvakrol verilen grubun canlılık yüzdesi 48. ve 72. saatte sadece DOX verilen gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksek saptandı (p0,05).
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Karvakrol ve C vitamininin etkileşimini değerlendirmek amacıyla IC50 dozunda doksorubisin, 100 μM C vitamini kombinasyonuna 20 mM ve 80 mM karvakrol eklemek; IC 50 dozunda doksorubisin 500 μM C vitamini kombinasyonuna 20 mM, 40 mM ve 80 mM karvakrol eklemek hücre canlılığını istatistiksel anlamlı olarak azalttı (p0,05).
Aynı gruplar üzerinde yapılan wound healing testinde karvakrol verilen grubun yara yeri yüzey alanı kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı şekilde küçüldü. (p=0,003). 24.saat analizinde ise kontrol ile karvakrol, kontrol ile C vitamini, DOX ile DOX+karvakrol+C vitamini grupları arasında istatistiksel anlamlı olarak fark saptandı (p0,05).
D
Doksorubisin oksorubisin uygulanan gruba 40 mM karvakrol, 200 µM C vitamini ve karvakrol+ uygulanan gruba 40 mM karvakrol, 200 μM C vitamini ve karvakrol+ C vitamini eklenmesinin BAX ekC vitamini eklenmesinin BAX ekspresyonunda azalma ile birlikte spresyonunda azalma ile birlikte kardiyomiyositlerin şeklinin de korunmuş olduğu ve C vitaminin kaspazkardiyomiyositlerin şeklinin de korunmuş olduğu ve C vitaminin kaspaz--3 3 ekspresyonunu azaltarak apoptotik aktiviteyi azalttığı bulunekspresyonunu azaltarak apoptotik aktiviteyi azalttığı bulundudu..
C vitamini ve karvakrolün gerçek
C vitamini ve karvakrolün gerçek zzamanlı PCR yöntemi kullanarak BAX, MMPamanlı PCR yöntemi kullanarak BAX, MMP--2, 2, TGFTGF--beta beta faktörlerin gen ekspresyonlarını afaktörlerin gen ekspresyonlarını azzalttığı bulunalttığı bulundudu..
Sonuçlarımız, karvakrol ve C vitamininin doksorubisin ilişkili kardiyotoksisite üzerine ayrı ayrı kullanımlarının kardiyoprotektif etki göstererek faydalı olabileceğini desteklemektedir.Doxorubicin (DOX) is
an anthracycline derivative chemotherapeutic agent used for
many years in the treatment of haematological malignancies and solid tumours.
Cardiotoxic side effects limit its clinical use. Antioxidant effects of vitamin C and
carvacrol have been shown in ex perimental studies. In our study, we aimed to
investigate the individual and synergistic effects of vitamin C and carvacrol by
modelling doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity, in which oxidative stress plays a role
in the pathogenesis, on H9C2 cell line.
The
cell lines were divided into seven groups in order to evaluate the cardioprotective
effects of carvacrol and vitamin C on both control and doxorubicin exposed cells.
The groups were as follows: control, carvacrol, vitamin C, DOX, DOX+carvacrol,
DOX+vitamin C, DOX+carvacrol+vitamin C.
Doxorubicin doses were determined as 1.25
2.5 5 10 20 40 50 50 60 75 µM. The
viability level of each subgroup was measured separately at 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Thus, the IC50 doses at which 50% of the cells remained viable were c alculated as
14.71 µM at 24 h, 1.186 µM at 48 h and 0.272 µM at 72 h. Increasing DOX dose and
time had a negative effect on cell viability (p0.05).
Cell viability was compared in the groups given varying doses of carvacrol and
vitamin C compared to the co ntrol group. It was found that cell viability increased
statistically at 24.hour in the vitamin C group and at both 24.and 72.hour in the
carvacrol group compared to the control group (p0,05).
Cells treated with various doses of carvacrol and vitamin C to
gether with DOX at
IC50 dose were compared with the group receiving only DOX at IC50 dose. The
percentage of viability of the DOX+ vitamin C group at 24th hour and the percentage
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of viability of the DOX+ carvacrol group at 48th and 72nd hours were statisti
of viability of the DOX+ carvacrol group at 48th and 72nd hours were statistically cally significantly higher than the DOX alone group (p0.05).significantly higher than the DOX alone group (p0.05).
In order to evaluate the interaction between carvacrol and vitamin C, adding 20 mM
In order to evaluate the interaction between carvacrol and vitamin C, adding 20 mM and 80 mM carvacrol to doxorubicin, 100 µM vitamin C combination at IC50 dose and 80 mM carvacrol to doxorubicin, 100 μM vitamin C combination at IC50 dose and adding 20 mM, 40 mM and 80 mMand adding 20 mM, 40 mM and 80 mM carvacrol to doxorubicin, 500 µM vitamin C carvacrol to doxorubicin, 500 μM vitamin C combination at IC50 dose decreased cell viability statistically significantly (p0.05).combination at IC50 dose decreased cell viability statistically significantly (p0.05).
In the wound healing test performed on the same groups, the wound surface area of
In the wound healing test performed on the same groups, the wound surface area of the carvacrol group was significantly smalthe carvacrol group was significantly smaller than the control group (p=0,003). In the ler than the control group (p=0,003). In the 24th hour analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between control and 24th hour analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between control and carvacrol, control and vitamin C, DOX and DOX+carvacrol+vitamin C groups carvacrol, control and vitamin C, DOX and DOX+carvacrol+vitamin C groups (p0.05).(p0.05).
It was found that the addition of 40 mM
It was found that the addition of 40 mM carvacrol, 200 µM vitamin C and carvacrol carvacrol, 200 μM vitamin C and carvacrol + vitamin C to the doxorubicin treated group preserved the shape of cardiomyocytes + vitamin C to the doxorubicin treated group preserved the shape of cardiomyocytes with a decrease in BAX expression and vitamin C decreased apoptotic activity by with a decrease in BAX expression and vitamin C decreased apoptotic activity by decreasing caspasedecreasing caspase--3 expression.3 expression.
Vitamin C and car
Vitamin C and carvacrol were found to decrease gene expressions of BAX, MMPvacrol were found to decrease gene expressions of BAX, MMP--2, 2, TGFTGF--beta factors using realbeta factors using real--time PCR method.time PCR method.
Our results support that the separate use of carvacrol and vitamin C on doxorubicin
Our results support that the separate use of carvacrol and vitamin C on doxorubicin--induced cardiotoxicity may be beneficial by showing cardioprotinduced cardiotoxicity may be beneficial by showing cardioprotective effect.ective effect
Acute Effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on the Flexibility, Strength, Vertical Jump, and Dynamic Balance Performances of the Plantar Flexor Muscle in Professional Football Players
No full textGunes, Musa/0000-0001-8532-2575; Yana, Metehan/0000-0002-9290-1716Objectives: This study examined the acute effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) on the flexibility, strength, vertical jump, and dynamic balance performance of the plantar flexor (PF) muscle in professional football players. Methods: Forty professional healthy male football players participated in this study. Myofascial release was applied to individuals using the Graston technique (GT). In a session, GT was applied to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the legs for 270 s. Finally, dorsiflexion range of motion (DF ROM, goniometer), jumping (My Jump 2 App), balance (Y balance test), and muscle strength (hand-held dynamometer) were evaluated before and immediately after the intervention. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.93 +/- 3.47. IASTM-GT could significantly improve DF ROM bilaterally (p 0.001). In addition, vertical jump performance significantly increased from 31.63 +/- 4.65 cm to 32.72 +/- 4.55 cm (p 0.05). The Y balance test demonstrated significant improvements in all directions on the right side (p 0.05) and the posterolateral direction on the left (p = 0.001). Total Y balance scores significantly increased (p 0.05), while PF muscle strength represented no significant improvement (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, IASTM-GT acutely enhances DF ROM, vertical jump, and balance performance by improving PF muscle flexibility in professional football players. While no significant muscle strength improvement was observed, IASTM-GT may support injury prevention, performance enhancement, and rehabilitation.This study was supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council (2209-A-University Research Projects Support Program with acceptance number 1919B012309925).Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council [1919B012309925
Shockwave Therapy Technique: Concerns Around a Recent Publication
No full textArdic, Fusun/0000-0002-4708-937
Comparative Assessment of Chemical and Isotopic Composition of Geothermal Fluids in the Eastern Part of the Buyuk Menderes Graben (Western Turkiye)
No full textIn this study, we comparatively discuss chemical and isotopic characteristics of thermal waters from several geothermal fields within the eastern part of the Buyuk Menderes graben, Western Turkiye. The studied thermal waters with a wide range of temperature (33 to 242 degrees C) and pH value (6.10 to 9.38) show water types varying from Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 to Na-HCO3-SO4. The chemical composition of waters is controlled by several processes, which include temperature, circulation depth, extent of water-rock interaction, dissolution/precipitation, mixing, cation exchange and microbial activity. All thermal waters are of meteoric origin and generally have deep circulation. delta C-13 data indicate that marine limestone and mantle-derived CO2 are the major sources of carbon in thermal waters and delta S-34 values imply that the sulfate is originated from the Neogene gypsums. At discharge temperatures, all thermal waters are saturated with various carbonate, silica and clay minerals, which is supported by the XRD analysis of scaling materials. The REY composition of the scaling samples showed that the limestone is the source rock for the rare earth elements. Thermal waters with a positive 18O shift of 2.7 to 4.6 parts per thousand have reservoir temperatures of 170-245 degrees C, whilst other waters with a shift of 1 parts per thousand have reservoir temperatures in the range of 79 to 166 degrees C. Regarding the distribution of temperature, electricity production seems to be more suitable in the western part of the region, although relatively low-temperature areas in the east also look promising.This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Pamukkale University (grant number 2016FEBE048).Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Pamukkale University; [2016FEBE048
Awareness and Knowledge Levels of Patients Regarding Pre-Analytical Errors
No full textObjectives Efforts to minimize pre-analytical errors remain significant in laboratory procedures. However, the existing literature has not thoroughly explored the awareness of errors that could influence the process before patients submit samples, and there is yet to be an internationally recognized standard on this matter. In this study, a set of 20 questions was posed to participants in the waiting area to assess their knowledge and awareness regarding the pre-analytical process.Methods In this study, voluntary participants were administered an awareness survey consisting of 4 open-ended and 16 multiple-choice questions. Four voluntary pollsters conducted a 20-item survey of voluntary individuals aged 18 and over who came to the blood sampling department of Pamukkale University Hospital to provide samples. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.Results The average age of the 328 participants was 30 +/- 14 years, with 55.9 % of them being female. 68 % of the participants responded that they knew the rules before sampling. The % of those who believed fasting would not affect the sample result was 42.7. The 89 % of the participants mostly answered "yes" to the survey's last question, which asked, "The questions directed to me showed that there may be points I do not know about blood sample giving."Conclusions This article, which mentions assessing awareness and knowledge levels before blood sampling, highlights the necessity for education among healthcare professionals and patients
Kripto paraların gelişimi ve para piyasalarındaki yerinin analizleri
No full textBu çalışmada, kripto para fiyat hareketlerini etkileyen temel faktörler, kısa
ve uzun vadeli fiyat tahminlerinin uygulanabilirliği ve bu tahminlerin hangi
değişkenlerden etkilendiği araştırılmıştır. Ek olarak, minimum hata ile en güvenilir
tahmini elde edebilmek için hangi yapay zekâ yönteminin tercih edilmesi gerektiği
sorusu ele alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, derin sinir ağları da kullanılarak gerçeğe en
yakın tahmin aralığını belirlemeye yönelik bir model geliştirilmiş ve elde edilen
bulguların yatırımcılar ile piyasa yapıcılar için rehber niteliğinde olması
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, kripto para piyasalarında fiyat tahminlerini iyileştirmek
için farklı yapay zekâ tekniklerini entegre eden bir yaklaşım sunulmuştur. Zaman
serisi verileri durağanlık açısından analiz edilmiş ve tahmin doğruluğu üzerindeki
etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla ADF, PP ve KPSS testleri uygulanmıştır. VAEGAN
modeli ile gerçekleştirilen tahminler, modelin durağanlaştırılmış verilerle
eğitildiğinde değişken piyasa koşullarına daha iyi uyum sağladığını ortaya
koyarken, durağanlaştırılmamış verilerle yapılan analizler, yüksek piyasa değeri ve
işlem hacmine sahip varlıklar için daha yüksek doğruluk oranı sağlamıştır.
Bulgular, yapay zekâ tabanlı modellemenin kripto para fiyat tahmini açısından
güçlü bir yöntem sunduğunu göstermektedir.In this study, the basic factors affecting cryptocurrency price movements, the
applicability of short-term and long-term price predictions, and from which
variables affected these predictions were investigated. In addition, the question of
which artificial intelligence method should be preferred in order to obtain the most
reliable estimate with minimum error was addressed. In this context, a model was
developed to determine the closest prediction range to the truth using deep neural
networks, and the findings obtained were intended to be a guide for investors and
market makers. In the study, an approach that integrates different artificial
intelligence techniques to improve price predictions in cryptocurrency markets was
presented. Time series data were analyzed for stationarity wise and ADF, PP and
KPSS tests have been applied for the purpose evaluate the impact on forecast
accuracy. Realized predictions with the VAE-GAN model revealed that the model
adapts better to volatile market conditions when trained with stabilized data, while
analyses made with non-stabilized data provided higher accuracy rates for assets
with high market value and trading volume. The findings show that AI-based
modeling offers a powerful method for cryptocurrency price prediction
The Sources of Parental Anxiety in Children's Education Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version
No full textKacmaz, Cihangir/0000-0003-0649-5254; Celik, Osman Tayyar/0000-0003-3951-7261Parental educational anxiety, which refers to the anxiety and stress they experience about their children's academic performance, learning processes, and educational environments, has become an important research topic in recent years. In this context, developing or adapting scales for understanding parents' concerns to different cultures is of critical importance for research. The aim of this study is to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of originally developed in the Chinese context. Building on this foundation, the study highlights the need for culturally responsive tools to assess parental educational anxiety, particularly in T ; uuml;rkiye, where educational pressures are pronounced. The study data were obtained from 342 parents of students attending grades 1-8. The results of the analyses revealed that the Turkish version of the scale consisted of 17 items and four sub-dimensions as in the original. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, it was seen that the four-factor structure of the scale had good fit values as in the original research. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the factors of the scale was calculated as 0.86 for the highest, 0.77 for the lowest, and 0.90 for the overall scale. The item-total test correlation and the test-retest reliability for each scale item showed strong internal consistency. These results provided strong evidence for the validity and reliability. These findings underscore the scale's robustness and its applicability in the Turkish context, paving the way for further research on parental educational anxiety.The authors have nothing to report.The authors received no specific funding for this work
Comparison of Disinfection of Phi6 Virus Bacteriophage on Fomites by Various Methods and a Prototype for Ir Application
No full textIn this article, disinfection methods of Phi6 bacteriophage virus (equivalent of SARS-CoV-2) are presented and compared. Some of these methods are new, some have been retested, and one is cited from literature sources. In addition, the spread of the virus in droplets is theoretically modeled and its spread in air is visualized. Most of the existing virus disinfection methods, including thermal, UV, physical, and chemical, are applied, and new methods as infrared (IR) and microwave (MW)) are proposed, reviewed, and their virus degradation results are presented. The spread of the virus in aerosol and droplets is investigated through Brownian motion simulations using COMSOL software. The virus spread in air is visualized using a powerful laser and a high-speed camera. Comparative studies have been conducted for Far IR (FIR), MW, UV, chemicals, and heating techniques, as it produces therapeutic sunlight effect for disinfection of Phi6 virus bacteriophage. The results that were previously published by us showing the effect of reducing the spread of the virus with FIR were briefly given and compared with the MW study results and the applications of UV, chemical and heating results. It was seen that the FIR method stood out as the most economical, harmless, applicable and effective method when compared with other methods through a survey study. According to a previously published paper showing that Phi6 virus bacteriophage was weakened, it was shown that the density of living virus decreased at temperatures about 42 degrees C and above on fomites. In order to demonstrate and use this effect, surface temperature measurements were performed on surfaces using different materials such as aluminum, wooden, paper, plastic, and tile and the results were used. Then a prototype device that utilizes FIR was developed in the light of current and previous results, tested and presented in this paper.TUBITAK COVID-19 projects VirYAP (Reduction of Virus Spread) Project from the TUBITAK UME [G1MM-YOG0004]Presented activities have been supported by the framework of the TUBITAK COVID-19 projects VirYAP (Reduction of Virus Spread) Project (G1MM-YOG0004) that received funding from the TUBITAK UME