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Ritualized Coping During War: Conflict, Congregation, and Emotions at the Late Pre-Hispanic Fortress of Acaray
No full textRecent efforts to engage more explicitly with the interpretation of emotions in archaeology have sought new approaches and terminology to encourage archaeologists to take emotions seriously. This is part of a growing awareness of the importance of senses—what we see, smell, hear, and feel—in the constitution and reconstitution of past social and cultural lives.
Yet research on emotion in archaeology remains limited, despite the fact that such states underpin many studies of socio-cultural transformation. The Archaeology of Anxiety draws together papers that examine the local complexities of anxiety as well as the variable stimuli—class or factional struggle, warfare, community construction and maintenance, personal turmoil, and responsibilities to (and relationships with) the dead—that may generate emotional responses of fear, anxiousness, worry, and concern.
The goal of this timely volume is to present fresh research that addresses the material dimension of rites and performances related to the mitigation and negotiation of anxiety as well as the role of material culture and landscapes in constituting and even creating periods or episodes of anxiety
Interethnic Prejudice as a Function of Identity and Perceived Conflict
No full textAccording to social identity theory, intergroup attitudes are partly determined by the salience of group identification. Group conflict theory proposes that intergroup attitudes are largely determined by perceptions of goal incompatibilities. We integrated these perspectives and predicted that the relationship between ethnic identity and prejudice will be stronger for majority-group members than minority-group members. Our rationale is that identification with a minority group is determined by several factors, while identification with a majority group has fewer determinants, with perceived conflict being one. We therefore also predicted that group identity will mediate the relationship between perceived conflict and prejudice for majority group members, but not for minority group members. To test our predictions, we asked a sample of White Americans (N=101), African Americans (N=98), and Asian Americans (N=66) from a mid-western university to complete a survey. The survey included established measures of ethnic identity, interethnic conflict and ethnic prejudice (presentation counterbalanced). The data were analyzed to test hypothesized conditional indirect effects, moderation effects, and mediated moderation effects. As predicted the results showed that the relationship between ethnic identity and ethnic prejudice was moderated by group status, B = .454, p = .001. Furthermore, as predicted, the relationship was positive for White Americans (B = .382 with African Americans as outgroup, and B = .244 with Asian Americans as outgroup, both p \u3c .001), but negative for Asian Americans (B = - .071 African Americans outgroup, and B = - .124 White Americans outgroup, neither significant), and for African Americans (B = -.117 Asian Americans outgroup, and B = - .110 White Americans outgroup, neither significant). We also found that the relationship between perceived conflict and prejudice was significantly mediated by ethnic identity for Whites (B = .022 Asian Americans outgroup, and B = .026 African Americans outgroup), but not for African Americans or Asian Americans, regardless of outgroup. The results support our main propositions that the relationship between group identity and prejudice is moderated by socio-structural variables, and that perceived intergroup conflict and group identity are more strongly associated with each other among majority group members than minority group members. Our findings are discussed in relation to theories of ethnic identity and intergroup relations, and recent studies on the effects of negative interethnic experiences.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1014/thumbnail.jp
Testing the Effectiveness of a Reminder Cue in an Oral Health Program
No full textThis study examines the effectiveness of mirror cling reminder cues in increasing tooth brushing for preschool children enrolled in local Head Start programs. Although a lot of social marketing programs use stickers and mirror clings as reminder cues, there is very little research that tests their effectiveness over the long term. This study consisted of a 6-week program where parents were sent a mirror cling of Roger the Red Robot, and asked to place it on their bathroom mirror where their child brushes their teeth. Through responsive text messages periodically over a 6-week period, parents were asked to report the number of times they brushed their child’s teeth, and whether they or their child suggested the tooth brushing. They also responded to a follow up question three months later asking whether their mirror cling was still up, and how often they were currently brushing their child’s teeth. Although results indicate that parents liked the mirror cling, there is no evidence that it increased the frequency of tooth brushing for the duration of the study. When it came to the perception of the mirror cling, however, parents reported that they felt the mirror cling helped to remind both themselves and their child to brush twice a day.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1018/thumbnail.jp
Possibility of Growing Sea Urchins in Aquaculture Using Artificial Feed Supplements Different Than Natural Feed Found in the Ocean
No full textFood demand is increasing with the exponentially growing world population and aquaculture is the fastest growing alternative food source to meet the demand. Marine animals account for 16% protein demand worldwide and among the marine animals, sea urchin is getting importance as a delicacy. Sea urchin is used as food, medicine and research animal model, and is harvested in many part of the world. But capture, handling and crowding can cause stress to the animals in aquaculture which leads to the low yield and low quality protein. Since stress is causing loss to the aquaculture, it is important to determine the stress responses and identify the way of stress modulation without doing any harm to the animals as well as to the environment. In this study, a series of physiological and immunological parameters were observed to evaluate the possibility of rearing sea urchins (Arbacia punctulata) using different commercial aquaculture feed. Sea urchins were reared in lab aquaculture system in different groups - stressed and unstressed, treated with four different feed [control feed (salmon feed) and hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO)-supplemented salmon feed, sunflower oil (SO) -supplemented salmon feed and linseed oil (LO)-supplemented salmon feed]. In this experiment, we acquired the test animals and acclimated them for two weeks in optimal conditions. The experiment ran for five weeks, and the animals were sampled terminally at the end of five weeks. Condition factors, gonado-somatic index, packed cell volume, coelomic fluid protein, total and differential cell counts, and coelomocyte phagocytic capacity and respiratory burst activity were observed to measure the stress and immune response. All sea urchin groups survived and did well, but sea urchins fed hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO)-supplemented salmon feed showed better responses followed by sea urchins fed linseed oil (LO)-supplemented salmon feed.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1028/thumbnail.jp
Exploring Belief Revision in Cognitive Event Calculi
No full texthttp://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1042/thumbnail.jp
Behavior Strategies that Promote Academic Achievement for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders within the Inclusive Classrooms
No full texthttp://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1047/thumbnail.jp
A Study of Anonymous Responses on the Wall on a Higher Education Campus
No full textThe purpose of this study is to understand university students’ lives and find out campus issues that they encounter and experience through the examination of anonymous words and comments written on the glass windows of a campus office at a Midwestern university. The Office of Student Success (OSS) posts a new topic/question on the glass windows every week in front of their office for students to anonymously express, free from the restraints of social and cultural norms, their thoughts and ideas. At request of the OSS director, this study was undertaken to analyze anonymous responses on the glass windows in order to glean insight from them, shed light on campus issues, and possibly enable a proactive approach to student needs. To operationalize our research, we first reviewed graffiti studies. Graffiti is defined as a pictorial or visual inscription on a publically accessible surface, and it can be a personal and free form of communication absent of common social restraints which would usually prevent individuals from conveying their thoughts (Abel \u26 Buckley, 1977; Gross \u26 Gross, 1993; Hanaeuer, 2011). Drawing on Sad and Kutlu’s (2009) categorization, we analyzed a total of 1336 responses in order to identify patterns and themes
Prosody Markers as Phonetic Correlates for Persuasive Language in ISIS Speech
No full textThe goal of this study is to determine what makes the Islamic State (ISIS) persuasive from an anthropological linguistic perspective by comparing the prosody (patterns of rhythm and sound) of a well-known ISIS spokesman, Abu Muhammed al-Adnani, and that of a well-known moderate Sunni cleric, Sheikh Adnan Ibrahim. Specifically, pitch, intensity (loudness) and duration of words are compared between the speakers in order to identify prosodic features that may appeal to ISIS supporters vs. moderate Sunni Muslims. ISIS is a terrorist organization that diverges from major forms of Islam (Sunni and Shia) in its jihadist ideologies (among many other variables), while Sheikh Adnan Ibrahim represents a thoroughly distinct ideology as a follower of the most prominent form of Islam, Sunni Islam that preaches against terrorism. Two samples of oratory from each speaker have been studied by extracting prosodic markers, using the linguistic software Praat.. The syllabic and lexically segmented data has then been tested utilizing empirical methods to statistically analyze correlations between prosodic markers of each individual speaker. Results have led to the identification of divergence in prosodic markers between speakers—specifically in duration and intensity. Al-Adnani’s rate of speech is much lower than Sheikh Adnan Ibrahim. Essentially, al-Adnani speaks much slower than Adnan Ibrahim. Further, al-Adnani speaks significantly louder than Adnan Ibrahim according to the derived mean intensity value for each speaker. Finally, results for coefficient of variation of rhythm reveal surprisingly similar values—both speakers are utilizing a similar rhythmic pattern.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1029/thumbnail.jp
Influence of Instream Habitat, Water Quality, and Crayfish Density on Injury Frequency in Crayfish of Midwestern Channelized Headwater Streams
No full textMany agricultural drainage ditches in the Midwestern United States are degraded headwater streams that possess communities of crayfish. We hypothesized that crayfish communities at sites with low instream habitat diversity and poor water quality would show greater evidence of aggression. In this study eight sites on channelized headwater streams feeding Cedar Creek in Northeastern Indiana, nine sites feeding Upper Big Walnut Creek in Central Ohio, and one site on the East Branch of the Saint Joseph River in Southeastern Michigan were monitored over two years for evidence of crayfish aggression. All adult crayfish captured were identified to species, sexed, measured, and damaged appendages were scored as injuries. Data on instream habitat and water quality were also collected. Concentrations of nutrients and pesticides at all study sites were provided by scientists at The National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory. All sites surveyed had live captures of adult crayfish on at least one sample date. Four crayfish injury response variables were calculated; mean number of injuries per individual, proportion of injured individuals, mean number of claw injuries per individual and proportion of individuals with multiple injuries. Crayfish community density was calculated for each site. A habitat diversity index and a water quality index were developed to assess site quality. A mixed effects model multiple regression analysis was used to correlate site quality index values with crayfish behavior response variables. We found that only crayfish community density was significantly correlated with all four crayfish behavior response variables