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Beginning Kurmanji Kurdish
No full textThe Beginning Kurmanji Kurdish software is advertised as language software aiming to give
(language) learners a solid foundation in Kurmanji-Kurdish for both oral and written expressions.
The contents of the software are indeed good enough to meet the advertised targets.
The software, which is a practical course, provides learners with confidence to communicate
in everyday situations. This classroom-tested, peer-reviewed DVD-ROM contains 25 video
clips and over 9000 audio recordings (over 45 minutes) made with native Kurdish speakers.
Such authenticity is clearly a strength of the software. The motion visuals and authenticity
of the media types expose target culture, authentic settings, different accents, and paralinguistic
clue
Measurement of L subshell fluorescence cross sections and intensity ratios of heavy elements at 22.6keV
No full textThe L X-ray fluorescence cross sections (σL1, σLα, σσLη, σLΒ, σLΒ6, σLΒ2,4,15, σLΒ1,3, σLγ, σLγ1, σLγ2,3,6,8, σLγ4,4' and σLγ5) and ILα/ILi (i=l, η, Β6, Β2,4,1,5, Β1,3, γ, γ1, γ2,3,6,8, γ4,4' and γ5 intensity ratios for some elements in the atomic range 66≤Z≤92 have been measured at 22.6keV photon energy emitted from a 109Cd radioactive point source. The L X-rays emitted by samples have been counted by a Si(Li) detector. The L X-ray fluorescence cross sections and intensity ratios have also been calculated theoretically by using atomic parameters. The measurement results have been compared with available data and the theoretical values. Within experimental deviations, our data are in good agreement with the available data and the theoretical values
Tannin, protein contents and fatty acid composition of the seeds of some trifolium L. species from Turkey
No full textThe seed oils of seven Trifolium species (Leguminosae) were investigated for their protein, tannin contents and fatty acid compositions. The fatty acid compositions of these seven different species were determined by gas chromatography of the methyl esters of their fatty acids. The seed protein contents were found to be between 23.57 and 36.60%. The seed tannin contents were found to be between 0.77 and 1.73%. The seed oils of Trifolium species contain palmitic and stearic acids as the major component fatty acids, among the saturated acids, with a small amount of myristic, pentadecanoic, arachidic and behenic acids. The major unsaturated fatty acids found in the seed oils were oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. In this study, Total Saturated Fatty Acids (TSFA) of Trifolium species were between 18.5 and 24.4% while Total Unsaturated Fatty Acids (TUSFA) were between 71.1 and 80.3%. The results revealed that the seed oils of Trifolium species studied with a substantial amount of very long chain fatty acids might have attracted attention because of their value of nutritional, industrial and renewable resources
Chemical composition of the seeds of some medicago species
No full textLegume seeds are rich in many nutrient components, including protein, starch, certain fatty acids, and micronutrients
such as vitamins and trace minerals [1–3]. Some species of the family Fabaceae are a source of cheap protein for both humans
and animals [4], and legumes are generally rich sources of proteins [5, 6].
Information on the chemical composition of Medicago seed oil is very scant [7, 8], while previous workers investigated
phytochemical properties of some legumes widely [9–12]. The objective of the present study was to determine the tannin,
protein contents, and fatty acid composition of the seeds of Medicago L. species (M. disciformis DC., M. polymorpha L.,
M. intertexta (L.) Mill., M. scutellata (L.) Mill., M. truncatula Gaertn. and M. orbicularis var. marginata (L.) Bart.). The
results of the fatty acid analysis are shown in Table 1, and total protein and tannin contents in Table 2.
The total protein amounts of the feed crops studied were found to be between 30.50–47.17% in Medicago orbicularis
var. marginata and M. truncatula. These were 34.87, 34.93, 36.20, and 38.30% in M. intertexta, M. scutellata, M. disciformis,
and M. polymorpha, respectively.
The protein levels were determined in fruit, leaf, and steam of Medicago noeana, M. orbicularis, M. polymorpha var.
vulgaris, M. rigidula var. submitis, and M. rigidula var. rigidula [7]. According to them, the protein levels studied were found
to be between 20% and 30%. The protein levels of fruits were found to be higher than those in leaf and steam. On the other
hand, the protein contents of fruit of M. noeana, M. orbicularis, and M. polymorpha var.vulgaris were found to be higher than
in fruits of other species.
The tannin amounts of feed crops studied were found to be between 0.27–1.23% in M. orbicularis var. marginata and
M. scutellata. The others comprise 0.30% (M. intertexta) and 0.70% (M. disciformis, M. polymorpha and M. truncatula),
respectively. It was reported that condensed tannin may act as anthelmintics against parasitic nematodes or indirectly by
improving nitrogen supply [13–15].
The main components in the seed oils of Medicago species were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids.
The other fatty acids of the legume seed oils (arachidic and lignoceric acid) in the studied species were shown to be
lower than 1% except for M. truncatula (Table 1). This is similar to those reported [12]. On the other hand, behenic acid was
at the highest level in M. disciformis (1.11%). Some researches have indicated that oils with high levels of long-chain SFA
such as behenic acid may be difficult for digesting enzymes to digest in humans and animals [16].
The results of the present study, as far as unsaturated fatty acid content is concerned, are supported by previous
leguminous studies [12, 17, 18]. All these studies showed that the saturated, and particularly unsaturated, fatty acid contents of
Fabaceae seed oils are closely allied to each other and that the main components in the oils are linoleic-oleic type fatty acids
Bazı tritikale çeşit ve hatlarının ot verimleri ve ot kaliteleri üzerinde araştırma
No full textAraştırma Bingöl koşullarında 2009-2010 yetiştirme sezonunda bir yıl süre ile
üç tekrarlamalı tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre yapılmıştır. Denemede 10
tritikale genotipi kullanılmıştır. Tritikale örnekleri süt olum-hamur olum döneminde
biçilerek verimler belirlenmiş ve kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırmada yeşil ot
verimi, kuru ot verimi, ham protein oranı, protein verimi, ADF, NDF ve Kül özellikleri
incelenmiştir.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; ham protein oranı %6.93-10.67, ADF oranı %31.73-
36.53, NDF oranı %40.07-49.27, kül oranı %3.87-5.83, yeşil ot verimi 2272.50-3300.00
kg/da, kuru ot verimi 836.37-1364.70 kg/da ve protein verimi 67.59-114.15 kg/da
arasında değişmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre; protein verimi yüksek olan Melez
2001 ve Mikham çeşitlerinin tarımı önerilmektedir
Çocuklarda ‘suçun hukuki anlam ve sonuçlarını algılayabilme’ ile algılamalarına etki eden sosyal- kültürel faktörlerin ceza sorumluluğu bakımından incelenmesi
No full textBu tezin amacı, Türkiye’de çocukların ceza sorumluluğun başladığı ilk yaş aralığı olan 12 yaşını doldurmuş 15 yaşını doldurmamış çocuklarda suçun anlam ve sonuçlarını algılayabilme ile bunlara etki eden sosyal- kültürel faktörlerin etkisini incelemektir. Çalışma grubu, 1997 ve 1998 doğumlu 13-14 yaş arası suç işlememiş 814 çocuktan oluşmuş; çocuklar, düşük, orta ve yüksek sosyoekonomik seviyeyi (SES) temsil eden altı okuldan tabakalandırma yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Sosyo Demografik Veri Formu ile Suçun Anlam ve Sonuçlarını Algılayabilme Anketi çalışmacı tarafından oluşturulmuş; anketteki sorular Türk Ceza Kanunu’da yer alan suçlardan seçilerek hazırlanmıştır. Suçun hukuki anlamını algılayabilme, çocukların sorulardaki suç durumuna verdikleri cevaplarla; suçun hukuki sonuçlarını algılayabilme ise, çocukların bu suçlara verdikleri ceza ağırlıkları cevaplarıyla değerlendirilmiştir.
Tez sonucunda, 13-14 yaş çocuklarının suçun anlamını kısmen, suçun sonuçlarını ise hiç algılayamadıkları kanaatine varılmıştır. Hukuki muhakemelerinin, gerçek bir hukuki bilgi veya muhakemeden değil, gelişimsel özelliklerinden kaynaklanan bilişsel, duygusal ve ahlaki durumları ile kendi bulundukları kültürün ahlaki değerlerini ya da adalet sistemini öznel algılayışlarıyla şekillendiği görülmüştür. Düşük SES’e mensup olmak, suç çevresinde büyümek, azınlık alt kültürüne mensup olmak gibi sosyal- kültürel faktörler, suçun anlam ve sonuçlarını algılayabilmelerine önemli derecede etki etmiştir. Düşük SES’e mensup çocuklar, sorulardaki suçları daha fazla bilmiş, gerçek ceza ağırlıklarından çok daha ağır cezalar vermişlerdir. Alt SES’e mensup ve suç çevresinde büyüyen bu çocuklar, daha fazla suça şahit olmalarından ve etiketlenmeye maruz kalmakta olduklarından, katı ve cezalandırıcı olarak algıladıkları adalet sistemindeki boşlukları kendileri doldurmuşlardır.
Sonuç olarak, 13 ve 14 yaşın suçun anlam ve sonuçlarını algılayabilme için oldukça küçük bir yaş olduğu; sosyal kültürel faktörler nedeniyle bir davranışın suç olduğu bilgisinin ya da o suça çok ağır cezalar vermenin ise, gerçek anlamda bir ceza sorumluluğuna işaret etmeyeceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Ceza sorumluluğunun değerlendirilmesinde, çocukların neyi bildiklerine değil, neyi bilmediklerine odaklanmaya ve ceza sorumluluğunu ölçmek için, çocuklar için özel olarak geliştirilmiş hukuki muhakeme ölçeklerine ihtiyaç vardır.The goal of this dissertation is to examine perceptions of the legal meaning and consequences of crime and the socio-cultural factors affecting these perceptions among children 13 and 14 years old, the age of criminal responsibility in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 814 subjects born in 1997 and 1998 and selected by stratified sampling from six schools representing low, middle and high socio-economic status (SES) populations. The Socio-Demographic Data Form and the Survey of Perceptions of Legal Meaning and Consequences of Crime have been devised by the researcher. The questions in the survey were selected from crimes listed in the Turkish Penal Code. Understanding of legal meaning of crime was evaluated by the responses subjects gave to the description of a crime. Understanding of the legal consequences of a crime was evaluated by the weight subjects gave to a crime. The results indicate that subjects only partially understand the legal meaning of crime and cannot at all understand the consequences of a crime. Their legal reasoning has been shaped not by real legal knowledge or reasoning but by the cognitive, sentimental and moral conditions affecting their developmental characteristics, and their personal perceptions of moral values and the justice system of their culture. Socio-cultural factors such as belonging to a lower SES, growing up in a criminal environment, or belonging to a subculture of religious and political minorities has a significant effect on their perceptions of the legal meaning and consequences of a crime. Subjects from a lower SES knew the crimes in question more than subjects from a higher SES, and they assigned higher weights for crimes than does the Turkish Penal Code. Subjects belonging to a lower SES and who grew up in a criminal environment, having witnessed more crimes and been more exposed to stigmatization, fill the gaps in their understanding of a justice system they perceive as strict and punitive. The study documents that children aged 13 and 14 are unable to understand the legal meaning and perceive the consequences of a crime, since knowledge that a certain behavior is a crime or assigning heavy weights to a crime are not indicative of criminal responsibility. In evaluating criminal responsibility, more research is needed on (1)what the children do not know rather than what they do know and (2) the development of legal reasoning measures specifically for children below the age of criminal responsibility in Turkey in order to measure criminal responsibility for this population.Bu tez, 8388 proje numarası ile İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimince desteklenmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı teşekkürlerimi bir borç bilirim
Growt performance and carcass traits of broiler reared in conventional and organic condition.
No full textThis experiment was conducted to compare the growth and some carcass characteristics of broiler chickens reared in conventional and organic methods. Totally 360 days-old broiler chicks were divided into 6 groups randomly with 3 replicates. Treatment groups were conventional, Organic Control (OC), ad libitum Organic+Pasture (Adlib OP), 80% Organic+Pasture (OP 80), 70% Organic+Pasture (OP 70), 50% Organic+Pasture (OP 50). Growth performance of conventional (6 weeks) and organic groups (10 weeks) was investigated. Birds reared under condition of conventional and organic were slaughtered at the end of 6 and 10 weeks of age, respectively. Feed restriction and diet consumed by the birds had impacts (p<0.01) on growth performance, feed consumption, feed efficiency and carcass traits. The average body weights of conventional, Adlib OP, OP 80, OP 70 and OP 50 groups were 2305.4, 1935.4, 3028.6, 2656.7 and 2789.6 g at the end of fattening period, respectively. According to results of this study, it could be said that if organic broiler production has to be done with fast growing birds and feed restriction and access to outside with pasture designed for poultry to contribute nutrient intake would be taken account. Moreover, 70 or 50% feed restriction with shorter rearing period (8 weeks) could also be practiced
Bingöl ekolojik koşullarında bazı Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) hat ve çesitlerinde tohum verimi ve bazı tarımsal özelliklerin belirlenmesi
No full textBingöl’de kıraç sartlarda 2009 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalısmada, 3 hat ve 10 nohut çesidinin tane verimi ve bazı özellikleri incelenmistir. Bu çalısma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüstür. En yüksek tohum verimi (158.2 kg/da) Akçin-91, en düsük tohum verimi ise (61.6 kg/da) TH- 56C hattından. Bitki boyu 24.7-32.9 cm, bitki basına yan dal sayısı 2.2-5.8 adet, alt bakla yüksekligi 14.9-25.3 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 6.1-15.0 adet, bitkide tohum sayısı 2.2-5.8 adet, kes verimi 86.0-184.7 kg/da ve bin dane agırlıgı 228.8-317.7 g arasında degismistir. Bu sonuçlara göre Bingöl ve çevresinde nohuttan yüksek tane ve kes verimi alabilmek için Akçin-91 ve ILC-482 çesitleri önerilebilir
Oleylamine-Stabilized Palladium(0) Nanoclusters As Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane. 115(21), 10736-10743.
No full textPalladium(0) nanoclusters having an average particle size of 3.2 nm were generated in situ from the reduction of palladium(II) acetylacetonate in the presence of oleylamine (OAm) during the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) in THF under inert gas atmosphere at room temperature. OAm-stabilized palladium(0) nanoclusters were stable enough to be isolated as solid materials and characterized by TEM, HRTEM, XRD, UV-vis, and FT-IR techniques. They were found to be highly active catalysts in the hydrogen generation from the dehydrogenation of AB; in total, 2 equiv of hydrogen gas per AB was generated even at low catalyst concentration and room temperature. The first and second equivalent of H(2) generation from AB were completed in similar to 20 and 100 mm, respectively, from the dehydrogenation of AB in the presence of palladium (0) nanoclusters corresponding to an initial turnover frequency of 240 h(-1). (11)B NMR study of the reaction shows that hydrogen evolution likely takes place in one or both of two parallel routes: (i) through formation of cyclopolyborazane followed by its polymerization to polyborazylene and (ii) through formation of long-chain B-N linear polymers. Carbon disulfide poisoning experiments indicate that the dehydrogenation of AB catalyzed by OAm-stabilized palladium(0) nanoclusters is heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, the work reported here includes a wealthy collection of kinetic data to determine the rate law and apparent activation energy for the catalytic dehydrogenation of AB.TUBITAK 221
Chemical composition of the seeds of some medicago species
No full textThe total protein amounts of the feed crops studied were found to be between 30.50–47.17% in Medicago orbicularis var. marginata and M. truncatula. These were 34.87, 34.93, 36.20, and 38.30% in M. intertexta, M. scutellata, M. disciformis, and M. polymorpha, respectively.The tannin amounts of feed crops studied were found to be between 0.27–1.23% in M. orbicularis var. marginata and M. scutellata. The others comprise 0.30% (M. intertexta) and 0.70% (M. disciformis, M. polymorpha and M. truncatula), respectively. The main components in the seed oils of Medicago species were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid