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Analysis of CT images with a pseudo-three dimensional multiscale fuzzy entropy measure: applications to lung diseases
No full textLung diseases are one of the main causes of death worldwide. Identifying their phenotypes and staging their severity can be obtained through computed tomography (CT) images of the pathological site. However, CT can lead to a huge amount of data (many 2D-scans for one region are studied to represent its volume) that can be difficult to analyze and interpret. Therefore, we herein propose a new entropy-based measure, termed pseudo-three dimensional multiscale fuzzy entropy, to quantify the irregularity of high resolution CT scans (HRCT). Data from three groups of subjects are processed: one normal group and two other groups with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases characterized by a progressive and permanent decline in lung function. The results are interesting for HRCT scan slices, allowing us to further extend this study to a larger number of patients in the future
Information quantique et calcul quantique – une introduction
No full textInformation quantique et calcul quantique – une introduction
Le Master Franco-hellénique ''Enseignants de langues en Europe : formation à la pluralité linguistique et culturelle des publics scolaires'' : une expérience de dialogues interculturels
Full text linkAssociated relaps factors in Le Fort I osteotomy. A retrospective study of 54 cases
Full text linkPURPOSE: The Le Fort I osteotomy (LFI) procedure is commonly used to restore morpho-functional balance. The goal of maxillofacial surgeons with this procedure is to achieve occlusal stability. To identify factors associated with relapse after maxillary advancement in cleft lip and palate patients, the one-year post-operative stability of Le Fort I osteotomy was evaluated.
METHODS: Horizontal and vertical relapse were analysed on lateral cephalograms by retrospectively using tracing paper in an orthonormal landmark in 54 patients undergoing unilateral cleft lip and palate surgery who were monitored at Nantes University Hospital. The lateral cephalograms were performed pre-operatively, immediately post-operatively, and after one year. Several variables were studied such as population data, intra-operative and post-operative surgical treatment, and surgical movement.
RESULTS: At point A, the subspinale point, the mean advancement during surgery was 4.2 mm, with a relapse of 0.8 mm (20.1%). The mean downward movement was 2.0 mm in 26 patients who had a clockwise rotation of the maxilla, with a relapse of 0.6 mm (28.4%). The mean upward movement was 2.3 mm in 27 patients who had a counterclockwise rotation, with a deterioration of 0.2 mm (7%). A 7-millimetre surgical advancement corresponded to the threshold value beyond which relapse appeared to be significantly greater but still less than two millimetres in 75% of cases.
CONCLUSION: The degree of advancement appears to be the only variable correlated with the amplitude of the relapse
30-Day Postoperative Morbidity of Emergency Surgery for Obstructive Right- and Left-Sided Colon Cancer in Obese Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study of the French Surgical Association
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Emergency surgery impairs postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. No study has assessed the relationship between obesity and postoperative results in this setting.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of emergency surgery for obstructive colon cancer (OCC) in an obese patient population with those in overweight and normal weight patient groups.
METHODS: From 2000 to 2015, patients undergoing emergency surgery for OCC in French surgical centers members of the French National Surgical Association were included. Three groups were defined: normal weight (body mass index [BMI] < 25.0 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2).
RESULTS: Of 1,241 patients, 329 (26.5%) were overweight and 143 (11.5%) were obese. Obese patients had significantly higher American society of anesthesiologists score, more cardiovascular comorbidity and more hemodynamic instability at presentation. Overall postoperative mortality and morbidity were 8 and 51%, respectively, with no difference between the 3 groups. For obese patients with left-sided OCC, stoma-related complications were significantly increased (8 vs. 5 vs. 15%, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION: Compared with lower BMI patients, obese patients with OCC had a more severe presentation at admission but similar surgical management. Obesity did not increase 30-day postoperative morbidity except stoma-related complications for those with left-sided OCC
Peripheral blood minimal/measurable residual disease assessed in flow cytometry in acute myeloblastic leukemia
Full text linkPneumonia-Specific Escherichia coli with Distinct Phylogenetic and Virulence Profiles, France, 2012-2014
Full text linkIn a prospective, nationwide study in France of Escherichia coli responsible for pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, we determined E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility, phylotype, O-type, and virulence factor gene content. We compared 260 isolates with those of 2 published collections containing commensal and bacteremia isolates. The preponderant phylogenetic group was B2 (59.6%), and the predominant sequence type complex (STc) was STc73. STc127 and STc141 were overrepresented and STc95 underrepresented in pneumonia isolates compared with bacteremia isolates. Pneumonia isolates carried higher proportions of virulence genes sfa/foc, papGIII, hlyC, cnf1, and iroN compared with bacteremia isolates. Virulence factor gene content and antimicrobial drug resistance were higher in pneumonia than in commensal isolates. Genomic and phylogenetic characteristics of E. coli pneumonia isolates from critically ill patients indicate that they belong to the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli pathovar but have distinguishable lung-specific traits
Liver Stiffness Measurement With FibroScan: Use the Right Probe in the Right Conditions!
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: FibroScan\u27s M and XL probes give significantly different results, which could lead to misevaluation of liver fibrosis if the correct probe is not chosen. According to the manufacturer, the M probe should be used when the skin-liver capsule distance (SCD) is <25 mm, and the XL probe should be used when SCD is ≥25 mm. We aimed at validating this recommendation and defining the conditions of use for FibroScan probes in clinical practice.
METHODS: Four hundred thirty-nine patients with biopsy-proven chronic liver disease were included. Of them, 382 had successful examinations with both M and XL probes. Advanced fibrosis was defined as Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN) F ≥3 or Metavir F ≥2.
RESULTS: In a same patient, XL probe results were significantly lower than M probe results: 7.9 (5.6-11.7) vs 9.5 (6.7-14.6) kPa, respectively (P < 0.001). After matching for age, sex, liver fibrosis, and serum transaminases, M probe results in patients with SCD <25 mm and XL probe results in those with SCD ≥25 mm did not significantly differ: 8.8 (6.0-12.0) vs 9.1 (6.7-12.8) kPa, respectively (P = 0.175). Of note, 81.4% of patients with body mass index (BMI) <32 kg/m had SCD <25 mm, and 77.7% of patients with BMI ≥32 kg/m had SCD ≥25 mm. A practical algorithm using BMI first and then the FibroScan Automatic Probe Selection tool was proposed to help physicians accurately choose which probe to use in clinical practice.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in results between M and XL probes when they are used in the right conditions. In clinical practice, the probe should be selected according to the BMI and the Automatic Probe Selection tool
Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms in Human Health and Disease
Full text linkSIGNIFICANCE: Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered veritable entities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. These structures are able to interact with target cells and modify their phenotype and function. Recent Advances: Since composition of EVs depends on the cell type of origin and the stimulation that leads to their release, the analysis of EV content remains an important input to understand the potential effects of EVs on target cells.
CRITICAL ISSUES: Here, we review recent data related to the mechanisms involved in the formation of EVs and the methods allowing specific EV isolation and identification. Also, we analyze the potential use of EVs as biomarkers in different pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Besides, their role in these diseases is discussed. Finally, we consider EVs enriched in microRNA or drugs as potential therapeutic cargo able to deliver desirable information to target cells/tissues.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS: We underline the importance of the homogenization of the parameters of isolation of EVs and their characterization, which allow considering EVs as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis
