Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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うっ血性心不全を呈したホルスタイン種乳牛にみられた巨大肺腫瘍
Get PDFapplication/pdf7歳10カ月齢のホルスタイン種乳牛が削痩、呼吸促迫および浮腫、頸静脈怒張などのうっ血性心不全を呈した。聴診では右側胸壁からの心音が遠く、拍水音が聴取された。胸部超音波検査により直径約30cmの腫瘤性病変が心臓の右側に確認され、心臓が重度に圧排されていた。スパイナル針を用いた穿刺検査により、腫瘤は膿瘍であることが確認された。穿刺により膿汁10lを抜去したが、うっ血性心不全症状は改善されなかった。病理解剖により、胸腔内膿瘍は右肺前葉から中葉に形成されたものと確認された。また、病理組織学的検索では慢性化膿性気管支肺炎と肺高血圧症と診断された。本症例のうっ血性心不全は主として慢性肺高血圧によるものと考えられた。journal articl
Assessment of fertilizer properties of digestate from anaerobic digestion of dairy manure
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（畜産衛生学）2017application/pdf博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科畜産衛生学専攻Doctoral Program in Animal and Food Hygienedoctoral thesi
A clinical case of neosporosis in a 4-weekold holstein friesian calf which developed hindlimb paresis postnatally
Get PDFapplication/pdfA 4-week-old female Holstein Friesian calf presented with hindlimb paresis. Neurologic examination of spinal reflexes revealed depressed or absent reflexes of the hindlimbs. Menace responses on both sides disappeared on examination of cranial nerves. The calf was finally diagnosed with Neospora caninum infection by pathological findings including nonsuppurative inflammation associated with cysts in the cerebrum and spinal cord. High levels of antibody against recombinant surface antigen 1 of N. caninum (NcSAG1) were detected by ELISA from both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. This result suggests that detection of antibodies against N. caninum by NcSAG1-ELISA in serum and CSF could be useful for the clinical diagnosis of neosporosis in calves with acquired neurological signs. © 2018 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.journal articl
Do Siberian flying squirrels reuse nest materials made by other individuals?
Get PDFapplication/pdfArboreal small mammals nesting in tree hollows usually line nests with materials such as leaves and shredded bark. Pteromys volans orii (Siberian flying squirrel), an endemic subspecies to Hokkaido, Japan, uses shredded bark. Since their nest materials have a very consistent shape, we suspect the squirrels use much effort to collect and shred the bark. To save effort, they may reuse nest materials made by other individuals. To test this, we mixed artificial nest materials (coloured cotton strings) into nest materials and observed the transfer of strings among nests. Of 39 nest boxes seeded with coloured cotton strings, number of strings decreased in 25 boxes (64.10%). Strings from 12 boxes were moved to other boxes. In addition, we found that P. volans orii possibly reused nest materials prepared by other individuals. Both nests and nest materials may be important re-useable resources for P. volans orii. © 2018, Hungarian Natural History Museum.journal articl
Neospora caninum dense granule protein 7 regulates the pathogenesis of neosporosis by modulating host immune response
Get PDFapplication/pdfNeospora caninum is a protozoan parasite closely related to Toxoplasma gondii. Neosporosis caused by N. caninum is considered one of the main causes of abortion in cattle and nervous-system dysfunction in dogs, and identification of the virulence factors of this parasite is important for the development of control measures. Here, we used a luciferase reporter assay to screen the dense granule proteins genes of N. caninum, and we found that NcGRA6, NcGRA7, and NcGRA14 are involved in the activation of the NF-κB, calcium/calcineurin, and cAMP/PKA signals. To analyze the functions of these proteins and Neospora cyclophilin, we successfully knocked out their genes in the Nc1 strain using plasmids containing the CRISPR/ Cas9 components. Among the deficient lines, the NcGRA7-deficient parasites showed reduced virulence in mice. An RNA sequencing analysis of infected macrophage cultures showed that NcGRA7 mainly regulates the host cytokine and chemokine production. The levels of gamma interferon in the ascites fluid, CXCL10 expression in the peritoneal cells, and CCL2 expression in the spleen were lower 5 days after infection with the NcGRA7-deficient parasite than after infection with the parental strain. The parasite burden and the degree of necrosis in the brains of mice infected with the NcGRA7-deficient parasite were also lower than in those of the parental strain. Collectively, our data suggest that both the NcGRA7-dependent activation of the inflammatory response and the parasite burden are important in Neospora virulence. © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.journal articl
The evolution of UDP-glycosyl/glucuronosyltransferase 1E (UGT1E) genes in bird lineages is linked to feeding habits but UGT2 genes is not
Get PDFapplication/pdfUDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) catalyzes the transfer of glycosyl groups (e.g., glucuronic acid) to exogenous or endogenous chemicals and plays an important role in conjugation reactions. In vertebrates, UGT genes are divided into 5 families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, UGT5, and UGT8. Among these UGT enzymes, UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes are known to be important xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in mammals. However, little is known about UGT1 and UGT2 genes in avian species. In this study, we therefore aimed to classify avian UGT1 and UGT2 genes based on their evolutionary relationships. We also investigated the association between UGT molecular evolution and ecological factors, specifically feeding habits, habitat, and migration. By examining the genomes of 43 avian species with differing ecology, we showed that avian UGT1E genes are divided into 6 groups and UGT2 genes into 3 groups. Correlations between UGT gene count and ecological factors suggested that the number of UGT1E genes is decreasing in carnivorous species. Estimates of selection pressure also support the hypothesis that diet influenced avian UGT1E gene evolution, similar to mammalian UGT1A and UGT2B genes.journal articl
Establishment of transient and stable transfection systems for genetic manipulation of Babesia gibsoni
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（畜産衛生学）2018application/pdf博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科畜産衛生学専攻Doctor’s Course of Animal and Food Hygienedoctoral thesi
The Functionalities of Cooked Bean and Cooking Liquid Polyphenols from Red Kidney Bean
Get PDFapplication/pdfRed kidney beans (RKB) were thermal processing by pressure cooker, cooked beans (RKB-CB) and cooking liquid (RKB-CL) were obtained. The extraction was purified by HP-20 column, polyphenols were 203.79 mg and 61.66 mg in RKB-CB and RKB-CL from 100 g RKB. RKB-CB had mostly monomeric polyphenols, and RKB-CL had high ratio of oligomeric polyphenols. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was 61.34 mmol and 20.73 mmol in RKB-CB and RKB-CL from 100 g RKB, the former showed significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activity. Moreover, polyphenols from RKB-CL had strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 value, 6.0 μg/mL), and extremely weak inhibitory activity was found in RKB-CB ( >80 μg/mL). These results suggest that polyphenol content and antioxidant activity from RKB-CB are greater than those of RKB-CL, and polyphenols from RKB-CB exhibit weaker α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of RKB-CL. The polyphenol fraction was applied to Sephadex LH-20 column, and eluted with Fra.I, Fra.II and Fra.III. Comparing with Fra.I, Fra.II of RKB-CL mainly inhibited α-glucosidase activity, so thus we conclude α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was related to oligomeric polyphenols.赤金時豆100 g から調製した煮豆に含まれるHP カラムで精製したポリフェノール含量は203.79 mg、煮汁に含まれるその含量は61.66 mg であった。赤金時豆煮豆のHP カラムで精製したポリフェノールは、主にモノマー型が多く含まれていたが、煮汁のそれにはオリゴマー型が多く含まれていた。また、赤金時豆100 g から調製した煮豆に含まれるポリフェノールのDPPH ラジカル消去活性は61.34 mmol、煮汁のそれは20.73 mmol で、前者の方が有意に高い値を示した。また、赤金時豆煮汁のHP カラムで精製したポリフェノールには高いα- グルコシダーゼ活性阻害作用（IC50 値, 6.0 μg/mL）が認められたが、煮豆ポリフェノールには極弱い阻害作用（IC50値, ＞ 80 μg/mL）しか認めらなかった。これらの結果は、赤金時豆の煮豆のポリフェノールと抗酸化活性は煮汁のそれらよりも高いこと、及び煮豆ポリフェノールのα-グルコシダーゼ活性阻害作用は煮汁ポリフェノールのそれに比べて弱いことを示している。また、煮汁ポリフェノールのLH カラムで得られたメタノール画分（Fra.II）に主にα- グルコシダーゼ阻害活性が認められ、オリゴマー型ポリフェノールが活性阻害に関係していることが考えられる。departmental bulletin pape
Characteristics and Development of Matured Hard Cheese from the Dolomites Mountain Region in Northern Italy
Get PDFapplication/pdfLong-matured hard cheese called mountain cheese is processed in the cold Alps, and it has been made at least before 2,000 BC. It is extremely important to analyze the relationship between fresh cheese and matured hard cheese to recreate the history of cheese processing in Europe. From case studies in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy, this paper aimed to examine how fresh cheese developed into long-matured hard cheese from a dairy science and anthropogeography standpoint. Fresh cheese is processed by rennet addition, cutting, draining and salting. The fresh cheese was then matured in brine for several weeks to improve the taste. When the matured fresh cheese was taken out of the brine and air–dried, it became the matured hard cheeses such as Dolomiti cheese processed in the Dolomite Mountains. Leaving it out in air dries out the surface, forming a rind to protect the cheese on the inside. In the mountain regions, the processing of matured hard cheese developed further to make long aging process possible. Skim milk was used for more favorable maturation. The curds were heated to 42℃ to remove more whey. These steps allowed the cheese to be preserved for about a year. This gave rise to long-matured hard cheese such as the mountain cheese processed in the Dolomite Mountains. The cold and semi-humid climate appears to be the biggest factor that channeled such development, and this change in cheese development could only have taken place in such environments as European mountains.山のチーズと呼ばれる長期熟成ハードチーズが，紀元前2000年には冷涼なアルプス山岳地帯でつくられていた。フレッシュチーズと熟成ハードチーズの関連性の分析は，ヨーロッパにおけるチーズ発達史の再構築にとって極めて重要な論考となる。本稿では，イタリア北部山岳地帯のドロミテ地域を事例に，熟成ハードチーズとフレッシュチーズの加工工程を把握し，フレッシュチーズから熟成ハードチーズへの発達史過程について酪農科学・人文地理学的に考察することを目的とした。フレッシュチーズは，レンネット添加，カッティング，脱水，加塩することによって加工されている。フレッシュチーズは，風味の向上のため，塩水に漬けたまま数週間静置し，熟成されるようになっていった。この熟成フレッシュチーズを，塩水から取り出し，空気中で乾燥化を進めると，ドロミテ地域でつくられているドロミテと呼ばれるチーズのような熟成ハードチーズとなる。空気中で静置するため，表面は乾燥し，形成された外皮が内部のチーズを守るようになる。山岳地域では，熟成ハードチーズは長期熟成ハードチーズへと更に発展していった。より望ましい熟成を進展させるために，チーズつくりには乳脂肪含量を低くした脱脂乳が利用されるようになった。カードからよりホエイを除去するために，カードは42℃まで加温されるようになった。ここに，ドロミテ地域でみられる山のチーズのような長期熟成チーズが誕生することになる。このような発達へと向かわせた大きな要因は山岳地帯の冷涼・半湿潤性であり，ヨーロッパ山岳地帯でなるべくして変遷したチーズの発達だったと考えられた。journal articl