Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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心室中隔欠損を認めた12月齢以上のホルスタイン種乳牛9症例の臨床および病理学的特徴
Get PDFapplication/pdf12カ月齢以上の心室中隔欠損（VSD）のホルスタイン種乳牛9症例が帯広畜産大学へ搬入されたため、臨床および病理学的所見をとりまとめ、その特徴を検討した。9症例の年齢、主訴、最終分娩は様々であった。臨床所見では7症例で頸静脈怒張・拍動と削痩が、3症例で起立難渋、2症例で浮腫と下痢が確認された。収縮期雑音のみ、拡張期雑音のみ聴取されたのはそれぞれ1症例、両方聴取された症例が7症例であった。病理所見では全症例で肺動脈拡張、8症例で大動脈拡張と右室肥厚、6症例で大動脈拡張、2症例で左房拡張、1症例で右房拡張が確認された。その他6症例で心嚢水、3症例で胸水と腹水が増量し、5症例でうっ血肝がみられた。本症例群の検索により、成牛で頸静脈怒張・拍動、削痩、心嚢水増量などの慢性うっ血性心不全症状と収縮期雑音に加えて、拡張期雑音が聴取されることはVSDの存在を疑わせる所見と考えられた。journal articl
鼻咽頭道に発生したリンパ腫の猫の1症例
Get PDFapplication/pdf4歳11カ月齢の雑種猫、去勢雄が食欲不振と呼吸困難を主訴に近医を受診した。対症療法を行うも改善せず、精査を希望して帯広畜産大学動物医療センターを紹介受診した。いびき様呼吸音（stertor）、頭部X線検査から鼻腔および鼻咽頭領域の疾患を疑い、頭部CT検査および組織生検により鼻咽頭道に発生したリンパ腫と診断した。症例は抗がん剤治療に良好に反応し、治療終了後2年経った現在まで臨床症状の再発は認められていない。journal articl
重輓馬の正常妊娠、胎盤炎、および異常産における子宮胎盤厚および子宮胎盤組織の超音波画像検査
Get PDFapplication/pdf軽種馬やポニーについては妊娠後期の流産の一要因である上行性胎盤炎罹患時の症状として、子宮胎盤厚（CTUP）の肥厚が知られており、妊娠後期の定期検査が推奨されている。しかし、重輓馬の妊娠後期の流産を含む妊娠異常に関する研究はほとんど進んでいない。そこで本研究では、重輓馬のCTUPおよび子宮胎盤組織の超音波画像を正常例において明らかにするとともに、これらを胎盤炎および異常産症例についても調査することを目的とした。研究には妊娠した重輓馬35頭を用いた。経直腸超音波画像検査は妊娠７ヶ月（181‒210日）から12ヶ月（331‒330日）に月１回実施した。検査ではCTUPを測定し、子宮胎盤組織の凹凸、胎盤剥離、子宮胎盤組織の２層化（子宮と胎膜が識別可能である状態）の有無を記録した。分娩時に排出された胎盤は35頭のうち30頭にて採取でき、星状部周辺をホルマリン固定し、病理学的に胎盤炎と胎盤浮腫の有無を診断した。胎盤炎と診断された３頭は胎盤炎群とし、胎盤炎と診断されなかった流産、早産、および奇胎妊娠の7頭は異常産群とした。それ以外の25頭は正常群とした。正常群のCTUPは妊娠７ヶ月から12ヶ月にかけて有意に増加し、その値は軽種馬における過去の報告よりも高値を示した。正常群の上位25％の個体が含まれる第３四分位より大きいCTUPを示した個体は胎盤炎群100％、異常産群86％であり、胎盤炎および異常産においてはCTUPが増加することが推察された。胎盤剥離の発生は、正常群20％であったのに対し、胎盤炎群では67％、異常産群では29％であり、胎盤炎との関与が推察された。子宮胎盤組織の２層化は正常群32% 、胎盤炎群33% 、異常産群43%において確認され、正常群の１頭を除いて妊娠10ヶ月以降に確認されたことから、胎盤発達を反映していると考えられた。子宮胎盤組織の凹凸および胎盤浮腫は全群に一般に確認され、重輓馬の一般的な所見であると考えられた。結論として重輓馬のCTUPは軽種馬よりも高値を示し、妊娠進行に伴い増加することが判明し、CTUPの増加および超音波検査による胎盤剥離検出は、重輓馬の胎盤炎や異常産検出に有用であることが推察された。journal articl
Pathogenicity and diagnostic sensitivity of culture media for identifi cation of Trichomonas gallinae in Domestic Pigeons of Lahore, Pakistan
Get PDFapplication/pdfAvian trichomoniasis is a serious infection caused by a trophozoite of Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta, 1878) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Different culture media are currently used for the T. gallinae identification in these hosts. Two commercially available cultured media, namely modified Diamond’s medium and modified thioglycolate medium, were used to identify T. gallinae growth. Microscopic examinations of oral swabs of pigeons were carried out post inoculation by incubating at various temperature. Significant difference between incubation time found for modified Diamond’s medium and Modified thioglycolate medium have been tested. Modified thioglycolate medium had been tested as a readily available, low-cost substitute for the Diamond’s medium. Diamond’s medium is considered as “gold standard” for identification T. gallinae in animals. However, modified thioglycolate medium was found to be practically efficient than Diamond’s medium in recovering the parasites from specimens and may provide a readily available, low-cost substitute for the Diamond’s medium. The current research also demonstrated the histopathology associated with infection of T. gallinae.journal articl
Testicular regulation of seasonal change in apocrine glands in the back skin of the brown bear
Get PDFapplication/pdfBrown bears communicate with other individuals using marking behavior. Bipedal back rubbing has been identified as a common marking posture. Oily substances are secreted via enlarged sebaceous glands in the back skin of male bears during the breeding season. However, whether apocrine gland secretions are associated with seasonal changes remains unknown. The present study aimed to identify histological and histochemical changes in the secretory status and the glycocomposition of the apocrine glands in the back skin of male bears in response to changes in seasons and/or reproductive status. The apocrine glands of intact males during the breeding season were significantly larger and more active than those of castrated males during the breeding season and those of intact males during the non-breeding season. Lectin
histochemical analyses revealed a more intense reaction to Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) in the cytoplasm, mainly Golgi zones of apocrine cells during the breeding season among castrated, compared with intact males. Positive staining for VVA was quite intense and weak in intact males during the non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis revealed VVA positivity in the Golgi zone, especially around secretory granules in apocrine cells. Changes in lectin binding might reflect a change in the secretory system in the apocrine cells. The present histological and histochemical findings of changes in the secretory status and glycocomposition of the apocrine glands according to the season and reproductive status suggest that these glands are important for chemical communication.journal articl
Oviduct epithelium induces interferon-tau in bovine Day-4 embryos, which generates an anti-inflammatory response in immune cells
Get PDFapplication/pdfRecent studies indicate that communication between the bovine embryo and the mother begins in the oviduct. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of embryos on bovine oviducts for their immune responses using an in vitro model. First, zygotes were cultured with or without bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) for 4 days, when embryos had reached the 16-cell stage. At that time, we detected interferon-tau (IFNT) in embryos co-cultured with BOECs, but not in embryos cultured alone. Next, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were incubated either in media from embryo alone cultures or from co-cultures of embryos with BOECs. The medium from embryo alone cultures did not modulate PBMCs gene expression; whereas the embryo-BOEC co-culture medium increased interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs: ISG15, OAS1, MX2), STAT1, PTGES and TGFB1 but suppressed IL17 expression in PBMCs. Both IFNT-treated BOEC culture medium and IFNT-supplemented fresh medium alone without BOEC, modulated PBMCs gene expressions similar to those by the embryo-BOEC co-culture medium. Further, specific antibody to IFNT neutralized the effect of embryo-BOEC co-culture medium on PBMCs gene expression. Our results indicate that BOECs stimulate embryos to produce IFNT, which then acts on immune cells to promote an anti-inflammatory response in the oviduct. © 2018 The Author(s).journal articl
Expression of activin receptors in the equine uteroplacental tissue: An immunohistochemical analysis
Get PDFapplication/pdfActivin is secreted from equine uterine glands and plays important roles in establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mares. This study aimed to localize activin receptors (ActRs) IA/B and IIA/B using immunohistochemistry in the uteroplacental tissues of seven pregnant Thoroughbred mares. At the time of tissue collection, the mares were at the following days of pregnancy: 88, 120, 161, 269, 290, 313, and 335 days. We fixed the uteroplacental tissues in 4% paraformaldehyde and obtained serial sections that were subsequently stained for analysis. All four isoforms of ActR were expressed in the uteroplacental tissues, including the endometrial epithelium, uterine glands, trophoblasts, and myometrium, throughout pregnancy. Our results suggested the potential role of activin in the uteroplacental tissues. © 2018 Japanese Society of Equine Science.journal articl
Urea influences amino acid turnover in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes, cumulus cells and denuded oocytes, and affects in vitro fertilization outcome
Get PDFapplication/pdfHigh-protein diets often lead to an increase in urea concentration in follicular fluid of dairy cows, which may reduce oocyte competence. In the present study, maturation media were supplemented with urea (0, 20, 40 mg/dl), and amino acids (AAs) turnover was evaluated in the 24-h spent media of specimens (cell types), bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), cumulus cells (CCs), or denuded oocytes (DOs). The main effects of urea and cell type, and their interaction were significant on the individual turnover (expect threonine, glycine, and tyrosine) and total turnover, depletion, and appearance of AAs. The results showed a high level of urea and DOs increased the depletion of all AAs and that of essential and non-AAs, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed the highest sensitivity of isoleucine, lysine, and tryptophan to urea, especially in DOs. Principal component analysis (PCA) evaluated the strong correlations between the turnover of: (1) glutamine, aspartic acid or glycine, and developmental competence and fertilization of COCs; (2) serine, isoleucine, valine or glutamic acid, and cleavage rate of DOs; and (3) serine, glutamine, aspartic acid or alanine, and CCs viability. In conclusion, urea significantly changed the turnover of AAs by COCs, CCs and DOs, and reduced the subsequent developmental competence of bovine oocytes. © 2018, The Author(s).journal articl
帯広農業高校保護林において2016 年に発生した3本のカシワ風倒木の齢と生長履歴
Get PDFapplication/pdf2016年に帯広農業高校保護林内で、近接して生育するカシワ林冠木3 本が強風で倒れた。この風倒木の幹から円盤を採集することで、樹齢と半径方向の生長、さらに高さ8 m までの樹高生長を調べた。高さ0.3 m 位置で円盤を採集することができたのは、このうち2 本であり、年輪数はいずれも171 本で一致した．一方、残る1 本の倒木でえた高さ1.5 m 位置での円盤の年輪数は、これら2 本の倒木より4 本少なかった。高さ0.3 m 位置で円盤を採集することができた倒木が示した樹高生長は、高さ0.3 m から 4 m まで40 cm/ 年をこえていて、残る1 本の倒木が示した樹高生長は、高さ1.5 m から4 m まで26 cm/ 年あった。さらに、いずれの個体も、高さ4 m から8m までの樹高生長は20 cm/ 年を越えていた。この樹高成長速度を考慮すると、3 本の倒木はほぼ同時に旺盛な樹高生長を開始したといえる。また、樹高成長速度の大きさから、樹高成長を開始した当時、これら3 本は明るい光環境下にあったものと考えられる。3 本がほぼ同時に旺盛な樹高生長を開始したことから、これらの倒木が生育していた近傍に、もしこの場所に森林が成立していたのなら若木の生育を促す森林への攪乱が、森林が成立していなかったのなら森林への遷移を阻止する行為の最後にあたるものが、171 年前より少し前にあったものと推測される。0.3 ｍ位置の年輪には、42 年目と57 年目に、2 本の倒木とも大きな傷害を受けた跡があった。このことから、林内には複数の幹に大きな傷害をあたえる出来事が、樹高生長を開始した後におきた事がわかる。Three canopy trees of Quercus dentata were blown down by the strong wind of a typhoon in 2016 in the Obihiro Agricultural High School Reserved Forest. The stem disks sampled at several heights from these trees were examined for their age and radial and height growth. The number of tree rings was 171 at 0.3 m height of two trees from which disks were able to be sampled at this height. The number was fewer by 4 for the remaining tree at the height of 1.5 m. The initial height growth of the two trees from 0.3 m to 4 m in height was as large as 40 cm/year and that of the other tree from 0.3 m to 4 m in height was 26 cm/year. These results indicate that the trees simultaneously started their upper growth, and that some natural event that allowed these trees to grow rigorously had occurred just before 171 years ago. Both disks at 0.3m height had large scars at the 42th and 57th rings from the center of each disk.departmental bulletin pape
The recent decrease in the number of livestock and its cause for the farmers in the Ethiopian highland : From the cases in Kilite Awlaelo district in Eastern zone of Tigray region
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe purpose of this research was to study in the Tigray highland of Ethiopia 1) to understand the change in the land utilization, the grazing patterns, and the change in the number of livestock, in light of the recent natural and social environmental changes, 2) to analyze the decrease in the number of livestock and its contributing factors, and 3) to discuss that the decrease in the number of domestic animals has a negative influence to the nutrition intake of local farmers. The field research while staying with a total of eight households and the survey questionnaire on a total of 14 households were conducted in September 2016 and July 2017, and the study on the farmer's nutrition was also performed in March 2015 in the study area. From the imperial era through the socialist era, most of the land was still made up of grasslands and forests, which were available for grazing and logging. Each household raised from 10 to 30 cattle, making them rich financially and nutritionally. With the increase in population in the democratic era, however, there was a shortage of farmlands, and the grasslands and forests rapidly shrunk as more and more those communal lands was developed into farmlands. The grasslands and forests that had been used for grazing year-round shrunk even more when the government expanded the areas of seasonally-closed grazing land, prohibited grazing lands and protected forest lands. Furthermore, there was a shortage of herd boys who are in charge of grazing once schooling began in the villages. As a result, the number of livestock raised by a household began to dwindle. Since the farmers were only able to raise a few cattle, they could no longer obtain milk throughout the year, which led to a decreased consumption of milk products. The milk product's contribution to their nutrition has become limited. The decrease in the amount of feed resources and the shortage of herd boys limited the number of livestock that could be raised by each household, and will mostly likely continue to be a major contributing factor in limiting the subsistence of the farmers in Tigray.本研究では，エチオピア国ティグライ州高地を対象とし，1）近年の自然・社会環境の変化を鑑みながら，土地利用の変化，放牧パターン，家畜頭数の変化を把握し，2）家畜頭数の減少とその要因について分析するとともに，3）家畜頭数の減少が栄養摂取に負の影響を与えていることを明らかにすることを目的とした．帝政時代から社会主義時代を通じて，大部分の土地はいまだ家畜放牧や薪伐採が自由な自然草地・森林地であった．世帯毎にウシを十数頭から三十頭ほどを飼養し，農牧複合民は資金的にも栄養摂取的にも豊かであった．人口の増加により農耕地の不足が発生し，民主主義時代になって自然草地・森林地での農耕地開拓が進行することになり，自然草地・森林地が急速に縮小していった．また，放牧禁止・森林保護地，季節禁牧地の拡大により，一年を通じて放牧できる自然草地・森林地は更に縮小していった．そして，村落における学校教育が開始され，放牧を担当する牧童が不足するようになっていった．これらの結果から，世帯当たりの飼養家畜頭数は減少していった．家畜を数頭しか飼養できなくなったため，一年を通じて搾乳できず，乳製品を頻繁に摂取できなくなり，乳製品の栄養摂取への貢献度は限定的になっているのが現状となっている．利用可能な飼料資源量の減少と牧童の減少は，世帯当たりの家畜飼養頭数を少ないままに抑制し，今後ともティグライ州の農牧複合民の生業に対して大きな制限要因となり続けていくことであろう．journal articl