Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Combined thickness of the uterus and placenta and ultrasonographic examinations of uteroplacental tissues in normal pregnancy, placentitis, and abnormal parturitions in heavy draft horses
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) and ultrasonographic images of uteroplacental tissues were investigated in 35 pregnant heavy draft horses in Months 7-12 of pregnancy. The mares were divided into three groups: those pathologically diagnosed as placentitis (placentitis group, n=3); those who had abortion, premature birth, or fetal malformation (abnormal group, n=7); and those who had no abnormal findings (normal group, n=25). In the normal group, CTUP increased as pregnancy progressed from Months 7 (median, 7.08 mm; range, 5.68-11.27) to 12 (13.31 mm; 7.44-16.31 mm) (P<0.05) and was higher than those reported previously in Thoroughbred, quarter, and American paint horses. Values of CTUP greater than the 75th percentile of the normal group from Months 7 (7.54 mm) to 12 (15.19 mm) were detected in 100% of the placentitis group (3/3) and in 86% of the abnormal group (6/7). Ultrasonographic images showing placental separation were obtained in 67% of the placentitis group (2/3), 29% of the abnormal group (2/7), and 20% of the normal group (5/25). Pathological placental edema and ultrasonographic images showing uteroplacental roughness or distinguishability were observed even in the normal group. These findings suggest that increased CTUP and placental separation would reflect placentitis and abnormal pregnancies and may help to detect them in heavy draft horses. © 2018 Japanese Society of Equine Science.journal articl
Computed Radiographyを用いた牛のカセッテレス撮影における基礎的画質評価
Get PDFapplication/pdfComputed Radiography（CR）を用いたカセッテレス撮影における画質低下の有無を評価することを目的に，粒状性，コントラスト，鮮鋭度の観点から基礎的な画質評価を行った．被写体としてアクリルファントムを撮影した画像ではカセッテレス撮影は通常撮影に比較して粒状性が悪化したが，成牛後肢遠位端を撮影した画像では差は認められなかった．コントラスト，鮮鋭度はカセッテレス撮影と通常撮影に差は認められなかった．カセッテレス撮影はアクリルファントムを用いた場合は粒状性がやや悪化するものの，臨床画像において明らかな画質の低下を来すことはなく，牛の臨床において十分適応可能な撮影法であることが示唆された．journal articl
Evaluation of costimulatory molecules in dogs with B cell high grade lymphoma
Get PDFapplication/pdfB cell high grade lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in dogs. Although the immune checkpoint molecules, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been evaluated for the treatment of various human lymphoid malignancies, the expression of those molecules and their relationship with prognosis remain unknown in canine lymphoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of costimulatory molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, in addition to associated ligand expression in the lymph nodes of patients with B cell multicentric high grade lymphoma. Eighteen patients diagnosed with B cell high grade lymphoma and nine healthy control dogs were enrolled. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the expression of PD-1 on CD4+ peripheral and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CTLA-4 on CD4+ peripheral lymphocytes was significantly higher in the lymphoma group than in the control group. The expression level of CD80 mRNA was significantly lower in the lymphoma group than in the control group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in PD-L1, PD-L2, and CD86 expression between the groups. Dogs with CTLA-4 levels below the cutoff values, which were determined based on receiver operating characteristic curves, on peripheral CD4+, CD8+, and tumor infiltrating CD4+ lymphocytes had significantly longer survival than dogs with values above the cutoff. Although it is uncertain whether the expression of immune checkpoint molecules affect the biological behavior of canine lymphoma, one possible explanation is that PD-1 and CTLA-4 might be associated with the suppression of antitumor immunity in dogs with B cell high grade lymphoma, particularly through CD4+ T cells. ? 2018 Tagawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.journal articl
Effect of dietary difructose anhydride III supplementation on bone mineral density and calcium metabolism in late-lactation dairy cows
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 28 days of dietary difructose anhydride (DFA) III supplementation on calcium (Ca) metabolism in late-lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous pregnant Holstein cows were divided into two groups. The DFA group was fed total mixed ration (TMR) supplemented with 40 g of DFA III, and the control group was fed TMR only. The replenishment of bone Ca reserves was evaluated by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) and blood biochemical bone markers. Serum Ca concentrations, urinary Ca-to-creatinine (Cre) (Ca/Cre) ratios, and milk Ca concentrations were also analyzed. The BMD of the 4th caudal vertebra in the DFA group was higher than in the control group on day 28. With respect to bone markers, the ratios of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) to osteocalcin (OC) in the DFA group were significantly lower than those in the control group on days 21 and 28. Milk Ca concentrations in the DFA group were also higher than those in the control group on days 14, 21, and 28, whereas serum Ca concentrations and urinary Ca/Cre ratios were unchanged in both groups. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with DFA III increased BMD and decreased serum ucOC/OC ratios in late-lactation dairy cows; this indicates that the replenishment of bone Ca reserves may be enhanced by dietary DFA III supplementation. ? 2018 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.journal articl
Creation of long-day adapted tetraploid potatoes from crosses of Solanum tarijense females with Andigena males
Get PDFapplication/pdfT-type is a common chloroplast DNA type among modern potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum), their progenitor Chilean tuberosum, and a diploid wild species S. tarijense. To recreate Chilean tuberosum, we made 983 pollinations between 10 accessions of T-type chloroplast DNA-holding S. tarijense used as females and 32 Andean tetraploid landraces (Andigena) used as males, from which 14 tetraploid hybrids were obtained. These interspecific hybrids grew vigorously with long stolons, flowered well with high male and female fertilities, and matured 1 month later than modern varieties. Seedlings of selfed and sib-crossed interspecific hybrids were artificially selected for tuber yield under long days. The selected clones were grown in the field, of which two clones produced over 1 kg of edible tubers per plant. These results lend experimental support to the hypothesis that the Chilean tuberosum originated by selection for long-day adaptability from tetraploid hybrids that occurred by fertilization of a 2n egg of S. tarijense and n pollen of Andigena. © 2018, Springer Nature B.V.journal articl
Effects of X-ray irradiation on male sperm transfer ability and fertility in the sweetpotato weevils Euscepes postfasciatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
Get PDFapplication/pdfGamma radiation from isotopic sources has been used in sterile insect technique (SIT) programs worldwide, but it might be difficult to continue using these sources in future SIT programs because of social issues. Therefore, an alternative sterilization source to gamma rays, such as X-rays, needs to be developed. The physical properties of radiation are different between gamma rays and X-rays: for example, X-rays have a shorter penetration depth than gamma rays. Therefore, X-rays may not fully confer male sterility, depending on the target pest insects. The present study investigated whether the West-Indian sweetpotato weevil Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) and the sweetpotato weevil Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) are sterilized by X-rays generated in a low-energy X-ray irradiator, without deterioration of male mating ability, at the doses currently used in the eradication programs for E. postfasciatus (150 Gy) and C. formicarius (200 Gy) using gamma rays at Okinawa, Japan. The results demonstrated that it is possible to use X-rays in future SIT programs for E. postfasciatus and C. formicarius, because X-ray irradiated males were almost completely sterilized without deterioration of their mating ability. © 2018, The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology.journal articl
国際評価への参加、検定日モデル導入経てゲノミック評価の公表へ : 日本のホルスタイン改良の歩み（その２）
Get PDFapplication/pdf変わるホルスタインとその対応2journal articl
分娩後80日の授精開始が繁殖・乳生産ともに好ましい : 受胎率低下と泌乳中後期の乳量増で分娩間隔が長期化
Get PDFapplication/pdf変わるホルスタインとその対応3journal articl
ばんえい競走馬の能力検定後馬体重に関する遺伝率の推定
Get PDFapplication/pdf本研究は，ばんえい競走馬における能力検定後馬体重（馬体重）を適切に説明する数学モデルの選択および遺伝率を推定することを目的とした．データは，2007年から2016年までに能力検定に合格した重種馬1,849頭の品種，性別，生産地市町村および馬体重の記録，および27,214個体を含む血縁個体である．測定時月齢は，能力検定合格回次の検定実施月と誕生月の記録から推定した．遺伝分析に用いる数学モデルを決定するため，測定年，性別，測定時月齢および生産地市町村を組み合わせた複数の母数効果モデルを仮定した．赤池の情報量規準，ベイズの情報量規準および決定係数より，遺伝分析には，測定年，性別および月齢を母数効果として含むアニマルモデルを採用した．馬体重の遺伝率推定値は，中程度（0.47）であったことから，遺伝的改良が可能な形質である．journal articl