Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Past achievements, current situation and future challenges for vaccine development against Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis infections
Get PDFapplication/pdfIn developing and developed countries, infection with Cryptosporidium species is considered as a disease of major health and economic concerns. Among the several identified species, C. parvum (zoonotic and anthroponotic agent) and C. hominis (anthroponotic agent) are the most important species, inducing diarrhea in humans and calves. Fatality of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients and immunocompromized
individuals engender the importance of immune response against such disease. As most of parasitic diseases, the vaccine development against Cryptosporidium is still problematic because of great complexity of developmental parasitic stages. However, the immuno-prophylactic and therapeutic approaches have exhibited promising results in mouse and cattle models. Both cellular and humoral immunities are required for conferring protective immunity in the tested animal models. Recombinant DNA and protein based on glycoprotein Cp15 and P23 are the predominantly evaluated candidates and the mostly successful vaccine antigens. This review highlighted the previous studies with successful vaccine antigens, summarizes the current challenges and limitations, and suggests solutions for future application in vaccine development against Cryptosporidium infection.journal articl
十勝地方におけるラッカセイ（Arachis hypogaea L.）の適正栽培法の 検討II．十勝地方での栽培に適した品種の選択
Get PDFapplication/pdf十勝地方での栽培に適したラッカセイ品種の選択を行うため、早晩性の異なる5 つのラッカセイ品種（早生品種：タチマサリ、郷の香、中生品種：ナカテユタカ、おおまさり、晩生品種：千葉半立）を帯広畜産大学実験圃場で栽培した。2017 年5 月29 日に、それぞれの品種を直播、および移植により栽植し、その後の開花習性や収量を評価した。開花に要した日数は、いずれの品種も直播よりも移植を行った区で短かった。直播を行った区、移植を行った区とも、タチマサリ、郷の香、ナカテユタカ、おおまさり、千葉半立の順で開花を行った。この序列は、本州において栽培した際の品種の早晩性に合致するものであった。子実収量は、全ての品種において直播よりも移植を行った区で高かった。また、早生品種ほど子実収量が高い傾向が示された。開花が早い株ほど降霜前に多くの莢を稔らせることができ稔実粒数が多かったことから、子実収量の差は生産される稔実粒数の違いに起因したと考えられる。タチマサリと郷の香では、栽植方法にかかわらず子実収量が全国の平均値（180g/m2）を上回った。早生品種は十勝地方の環境に対する適性が高く、これらを用いることにより全国平均以上の収量を得られることが明らかになった。また、中生品種のナカテユタカとおおまさりについては、移植を行った区で子実収量が約180g/m2 に達した。中生品種を用いる場合、移植などにより花芽分化を早め、7 月上旬までに開花を行わせることで全国平均と同程度の子実収量を得られることが示された。To select the varieties of groundnut suitable for the cultivation in Tokachi region, five varieties with different earliness (early variety: Tachimasari and Satonoka, medium variety: Nakateyutaka and Ohmasari, late variety: Chibahandachi) were grown at the experimental field of Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. In May-29, 2017, cultivation of groundnuts was started by planting the five varieties with two different manners, direct seeding and transplanting, respectively, and then, flowering habit, yield components and grain yield of the plants were investigated. In all the varieties, number of days to flowering was shorter in the plots of transplanting than in those of direct seeding. Tachimasari first attained to the flowering period in both planting plots, followed by Satonoka, Nakateyutaka, Ohmasari and Chibahandachi. This flowering order roughly corresponded to their earliness observed when they are grown in the main land of Japan. Higher grain yield was observed in early variety. Also, in each variety, plants grown by transplanting showed higher grain yield. Since, legume plants including groundnut are susceptible to frost injury, plants flowered earlier have an advantage to produce more fertile pods before frost period. Regardless of the planting manner, the two early variety, Tachimasari and Satonoka, which are better suited for the environment of Tokachi region, showed the highest grain yields exceeding the value of the national average (180g/m2). Medium varieties, Nakateyutaka and Ohmasari, also have adequacy of cultivation in Tokachi region, which allow the grain yield comparative to the national average if the plants are grown by transplanting and can make flowers until early July.departmental bulletin pape
丹波篠山産の等級外黒豆及び黒豆粉末を用いて製造した味噌の食品機能性
Get PDFapplication/pdf近年、生育障害や環境要因などにより丹波篠山産の等級外黒豆( クズ豆) が増えている。今回、丹波篠山産の黒豆と等級外黒豆( クズ豆) を用いて、一般的な方法に従って味噌を製造し、それらの食品機能性について比較を行った。分析に用いた味噌は、丹波黒豆(2L 良品) を用いた丹波黒豆味噌A、クズ豆を用い生麹使用量が異なる丹波黒豆味噌B とC、クズ豆粉を用い生麹使用量が異なる丹波黒豆粉味噌D、E、F である。丹波篠山産のクズ豆を用いて製造した味噌のポリフェノール量、メラノイジン量、DPPH ラジカル消去活性およびABTS ラジカル消去活性は、丹波篠山産の黒豆良品を用いて製造した味噌のそれらの値に比べ、全ての項目で高い値を示した。クズ豆の100g 当たりの粒数は、丹波篠山産黒豆良品に比較して約1.4 倍なので、クズ豆を用いて味噌製造を行うと、同じ重量の豆を用いると種皮割合は若干高くなる。通常、豆類ポリフェノールは種皮に多く含まれている。また、丹波篠山産の黒豆粉1000g に対し、生麹750g、塩455g を使用して製造した丹波篠山産黒豆味噌E の抗酸化活性は、異なる条件で製造した黒豆粉味噌D やF、黄大豆粉味噌( 基準2) に比べ有意に高い値を示した。また、6 種類の黒豆味噌および黒豆粉味噌のホルモール窒素/ 全窒素の値は、黄大豆および黄大豆粉を用いて製造した味噌のそれらの値とほぼ同様の傾向で、発酵状態に違いは認められなかった。Recently, thanks to growing diseases and environmental factors, off-grade Tanba black soybeans are increasing. In the present study, we compared the food functionality of miso products made by good-grade and off-grade Tanba black soybeans. According to the industrial production method, Miso A with Tanba black bean (2L good-grade), Miso B and C with same off-grade black soybean but different amount of raw-koji, and Miso D, E, F with same powder of offgrade black soybean but different amount of raw-koji were produced. We also analyzed the contents of polyphenol and melanoidin, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity of each sample. As compared to good-grade Tanba black soybean miso products, off-grade black soybean miso products showed higher values for all experiment items. The number of off-grade black soybeans (per 100 g) is 1.4 fold more than good-grade Tanba black soybeans. So thus for the same weight beans, off-grade black soybean miso products had slightly high ratio of seed coat than those of good-grade Tanba black soybean miso products. In general, seed coat contained abundant polyphenols. As compared to off-grade Tanba black soybean powder miso products D and F, and soybean powder miso products (control 2) with different manufactured conditions, 1000 g off-grade Tanba black soybean powder, 750 g rice-malt, and 455 g salt are used for Tanba black soybean miso products E, which showed significantly higher antioxidant activity. Moreover, the values of formol nitrogen/total nitrogen for 6 types of offgrade Tanba black soybeans and their powder miso products had almost the same values for those of soybeans and soybean powder miso products. From the results of formol nitrogen/total nitrogen values, we didn’t find differences of fermentation state among present miso products.departmental bulletin pape
QTLs for agronomic traits detected in recombinant inbred lines derived from a bread wheat × spelt cross
Get PDFapplication/pdfSpelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta), a subspecies of common wheat, is a genetic resource for the breeding of bread wheat (T. aestivum subsp. aestivum); however, genetic analyses of agronomic traits in bread wheat × spelt crosses are insufficient. Here, we conducted QTL analysis in the recombinant inbred lines from a bread wheat × spelt cross. In addition to the major Q locus, QSpd.obu-4D was detected with the spelt allele conferring a higher spikelet density than the bread wheat allele. The effect of QSpd.obu-4D was evident in the presence of the Q allele of bread wheat, suggesting that this variation might be cryptic in spelt wheat with the q allele. Two QTLs with stable effects were identified for grain length, one of which (QGl.obu-1A) has never been detected in a bread wheat × spelt cross. The spelt wheat allele at QHt.obu-7B conferring later heading was identified in the Vrn-B3 region and could be a novel gene source for modifying heading time. Furthermore, QGi.obu-2B, responsible for low grain dormancy of spelt wheat, was detected. Further exploration and identification of useful QTLs could accelerate the utilization of spelt wheat as a genetic resource for bread wheat breeding programs. © 2019, Japanese Society of Breeding. All rights reserved.journal articl
Prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and other intestinal parasites in cats in tokachi sub-prefecture, Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe present study investigated the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and other intestinal parasites in cats in the Tokachi subprefecture in Japan. A total of 365 household cats were included in the study, and 353 serum and 351 fecal samples were collected and analyzed. T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in the sera of 16.14% of cats based on Latex agglutination test and ELISA. For ELISA, T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites lysate and T. gondii SAG2 recombinant protein were used as antigens. Low seropositivity was detected in cats younger than one year and older than 11 years; outdoor and hunter cats showed significantly high seropositivities. Neutering either in male or female cats, but not gender, had a considerable effect on seroprevalence. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were detected in one fecal sample. The overall parasitic infestation in cats was 12.5%. Other detected parasites included Toxocara species, which showed the highest prevalence of 7.7%, followed by Isospora spp. (2%), Taenia spp. (1.7%), and Ancylostoma spp. (0.9%). Spirometra spp. was detected in only one sample. Outdoor cats comprised 50% of all 44 parasite-infested cats. Although T. gondii oocysts were detected in only one sample, the relatively high seroprevalence of T. gondii indicated that it can pose significant risks to the environment. Our findings highlighted the potential of outdoor cats as a source of T. gondii and other parasites. © 2018 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.journal articl
First molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from a clinical case of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis in Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdfAnaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected from a dog with canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (CGA) in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA using 16S rRNA, gltA, and groEL sequences revealed that the strain was nearly identical to A. phagocytophilum detected from Apodemus agrarius (black-striped field mouse) in China and Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of A. phagocytophilum from a clinical case of CGA in Japan. ? 2018, National Institute of Health. All rights reserved.journal articl
The arrangement of lateral veins along the midvein of leaves is not related to leaf phyllotaxis
Get PDFapplication/pdfPositions of leaves along a stem usually adhere to a genetically determined, species-specific pattern known as a leaf phyllotaxis. We investigated whether the arrangement of lateral secondary veins along primary midveins adhered to a species-specific pattern that resembled an alternate or opposite phyllotaxis. We analyzed the venation of temperate dicotyledonous species from different taxonomic groups and chose 18 woody and 12 herbaceous species that have reticulated leaf venation. The arrangement of the lateral veins was neither alternate nor opposite for any of the species. Lateral vein arrangements were instead mixtures of symmetric and asymmetric patterns. Our results show that lateral vein arrangements are related neither to stem-level leaf phyllotaxis (alternate vs. opposite) nor to life form (woody vs. herbaceous). Our results are therefore generally consistent with the canalization hypothesis that the locations of lateral veins are not completely specified genetically prior to leaf formation. © 2018, The Author(s).journal articl
A simple method to detect the tandem repeat of the cyp51A promoter in azole-resistant strains of Aspergillus fumigatus
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe designed primers and cycling probes to detect the tandem repeat (TR) of cyp51A promoter in Aspergillus fumigatus. A control-probe was designed to anneal to the outside of the TR region, whereas a TR-probe was designed to anneal to the inside of the TR region. For amplification and probe-hydrolysis detection, the CycleavePCR system was used. Although the difference between Ct values of the wild-type genome for the control-probe and the TR-probe was around -0.1, the difference between Ct values of TR-harboring strains was around 0.7. These data indicate that this is a simple method to detect TR in azole-resistant A. fumigatus.journal articl
How does toxoplama gondii invade host cells?
Get PDFapplication/pdfToxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent protozoon that can infect all warm-blooded animals, including humans. It is frequently used as an Apicomplexan parasite model in research. In this review, the invasion mechanism of T. gondii is described as a representative Apicomplexan parasite. The invasion machinery of T. gondii consists of the moving junction and the glideosome, which is a specific motor system for Apicomplexan parasites. I provide details about the moving junction, parasite-secreted proteins and host adhesion receptors, the glideosome, and calcium signaling, which generates the power for the gliding mobility of T. gondii. A detailed understanding of parasite invasion can be useful for the development of new effective drugs to inhibit this event and disrupt the Apicomplexan life cycle. © 2018, Japanese Society of Veterinary Science. All rights reserved.journal articl