Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Determination of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) using an agarose gel electrophoresis method
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme activity was measured in 51 serum samples from four captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) using a conventional method with wheat germ lectin precipitation and a commercial agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) kit; the isoenzymes were designated as bone-specific ALP (BAP) and ALP isoenzyme 3 (ALP3), respectively. This study examined the suitability of the AGE kit for analyzing blood biochemistry in Asian elephants. The serum ALP3 and BAP activities were strongly positively correlated and met the evaluation criteria for agreement using Bland-Altman analysis. The results indicate that the AGE kit can be used to examine the blood biochemistry in Asian elephants instead of the conventional method.journal articl
Ellagic acid microspheres restrict the growth of Babesia and Theileria in vitro and Babesia microti in vivo
Get PDFapplication/pdfBackground: There are no effective vaccines against Babesia and Theileria parasites; therefore, therapy depends heavily on antiprotozoal drugs. Treatment options for piroplasmosis are limited; thus, the need for new antiprotozoal agents is becoming increasingly urgent. Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol found in various plant products and has antioxidant, antibacterial and effective antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo without toxicity. The present study documents the efficacy of EA and EA-loaded nanoparticles (EA-NPs) on the growth of Babesia and Theileria. Methods: In this study, the inhibitory effect of EA, β-cyclodextrin ellagic acid (β-CD EA) and antisolvent precipitation with a syringe pump prepared ellagic acid (APSP EA) was evaluated on four Babesia species and Theileria equi in vitro, and on the multiplication of B. microti in mice. The cytotoxicity assay was tested on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell lines. Results: The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of EA and β-CD EA on B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi and T. equi were 9.58 ± 1.47, 7.87 ± 5.8, 5.41 ± 2.8, 3.29 ± 0.42 and 7.46 ± 0.6 μM and 8.8 ± 0.53, 18.9 ± 0.025, 11 ± 0.37, 4.4 ± 0.6 and 9.1 ± 1.72 μM, respectively. The IC50 values of APSP EA on B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi and T. equi were 4.2 ± 0.42, 9.6 ± 0.6, 2.6 ± 1.47, 0.92 ± 5.8 and 7.3 ± 0.54 μM, respectively. A toxicity assay showed that EA, β-CD EA and APSP EA affected the viability of cells with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) higher than 800 μM. In the experiments on mice, APSP EA at a concentration of 70 mg/kg reduced the peak parasitemia of B. microti by 68.1%. Furthermore, the APSP EA-atovaquone (AQ) combination showed a higher chemotherapeutic effect than that of APSP EA monotherapy. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo antibabesial action of EA-NPs and thus supports the use of nanoparticles as an alternative antiparasitic agent. © 2019 The Author(s).journal articl
Influence of transfixation pinning and casting (TPC) configurations on treatment outcomes in bovine tibial fracture
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe aim of this study was to examine the treatment outcomes of tibial fracture using different configurations of transfixation pinning and casting (TPC) in eight cattle. After pins were inserted to stabilize the fracture site, cast material was placed from the level of the stifle to the hoof (full TPC) in six cases and from the stifle to the proximal metatarsus (partial TPC) in two cases. Five cattle (three full TPC and two partial TPC cases) underwent TPC removal 36-86 days after surgery and resumed productivity. The other three cattle which underwent full TPC suffered from irreversible orthopedic complications within 5 weeks of surgery, while a prolonged healing process was observed in the partial TPC cases. Although TPC is an effective method for treating bovine tibial fracture, full TPC may result in a guarded prognosis in some cattle. However, partial TPC can delay healing. Surgeons should choose the optimal TPC configuration while considering the various factors that affect the healing process.journal articl
馬の交配誘発性子宮内膜炎
Get PDFapplication/pdf種牡馬による交配あるいは人工授精により子宮内に持ち込まれた精子や病原体は，子宮筋の収縮や遊走してきた白血球の貪食作用により子宮内から速やかに排除される（子宮クリアランス）。しかし，子宮クリアランスが遅延した牝馬では，子宮内に精子や病原体，炎症産物を保持してしまい，持続的な子宮内膜炎を起こす。排卵後5～6日頃には胚が卵管から子宮内に下降するが，この時期までに子宮内の環境が整っていなければ，早期胚死滅を起こす。経直腸超音波検査において，交配後数日間に認められる子宮内貯留液の存在は，子宮クリアランスが遅延した牝馬の指標とされており，子宮収縮作用を有するホルモン剤の投与や子宮洗浄を実施することが推奨されている。journal articl
消化液の有効活用など営農施設としての役割も重要：小型プラントの開発進め、さらなる普及を
Get PDFapplication/pdf特集I バイオガスによるエネルギー自立の可能性2journal articl
牛コレステロール代謝異常症の発症が疑われたアポリポタンパク質B遺伝子変異ヘテロ個体の1症例
Get PDFapplication/pdf5カ月齢のホルスタイン種雌育成牛が、削痩および間欠性の水様性下痢を呈した。総コレステロール濃度が7mg/dlと著しい低値であったため、コレステロール代謝異常症（Cholesterol Deficiency :C D）を疑ってpolymerasechainreaction (PCR）検査を実施したところ、アポリポタンパク質B遺伝子（APOB）変異ヘテロと診断された。症例の一般状態は経過観察中に安定し、糞便性状は徐々に回復して有形便となったが、栄養状態は改善されなかった。APOB変異ヘテロ個体であっても、CDに類似する症状が発現することが確認された。APOB変異ヘテロ個体では総コレステロール濃度の低値により、環境変化や感染症に対する抵抗性が低下している可能性が考えられた。journal articl
Improvement of bread dough supplemented with crust gel and the addition of optimal amounts of bakery enzymes
Get PDFapplication/pdfA large amount of bread crust is generated in the production of sandwiches and other bread products which, is not sufficiently used as food. If this crust can be reused effectively in the bread making process, it can add value, reduce waste, and improve the flavor and texture of bread. However, an excess amount of gelatinized starch (GS) in crust inhibits gluten network formation in bread dough and greatly decreases bread making qualities (BMQs). In this study, we investigated the optimal amount of two bakery enzymes, α-amylase (AM) and hemicellulase (HC), that can be added to improve the BMQs of crust-added dough. The optimal amounts of the enzymes were determined using response surface methodology and Solver, an Excel add-in software. The results showed that BMQs, specific loaf volume (SLV), gas retention of dough (GRD) and staling of dough and bread with added crust gel (CG) and optimal amounts of AM and HC were drastically improved compared to those without additional enzymes. It was concluded that response surface methodology and Solver are effective methods to easily determine the optimal amounts of the two enzymes to add to CG-supplemented dough to obtain high SLV and desirable texture, flavor and taste. The only negative aspect is poor bread color.journal articl
Effect of hypoxia on progesterone production by cultured bovine early and mid luteal cells
Get PDFapplication/pdfA major role of the corpus luteum (CL) is to produce progesterone (P4). The CL has immature vasculature shortly after ovulation, suggesting it exists under hypoxic conditions. To elucidate the mechanism involved in regulation of luteal cell function during CL development, we compared the effect of hypoxia on P4 production by cultured bovine early and mid luteal cells. Luteal cells obtained from early and mid CL were incubated under different O2 concentrations (20% and 3%) with or without hCG (1 U/ml) for 6 h and 24 h. After 6 h of culture in the presence of hCG, P4 production was not affected by hypoxia whereas decrease in its production by mid luteal cells was observed. After 24 h of culture, P4 production was significantly decreased by hypoxia in both stages of luteal cells regardless of the use of hCG. At 6 h of culture, hypoxia increased mRNA expression of hydroxyl-Δ-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3β- and steroid Δ-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1) in early luteal cells, and decreased mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (CYP11A1) enzyme in mid luteal cells. At 24 h of culture, mRNA expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), CYP11A1, and HSD3B1 were not affected by hypoxia in both stages of luteal cells. The overall results suggest that early luteal cells maintain P4 production under hypoxic conditions, and hypoxia-induced HSD3B1 may support this P4 production in the bovine early CL.journal articl