Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Biological Records of Niditinea striolella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) Collected from Mammal and Bird Nests in Hokkaido, Japan
Get PDFNiditinea striolella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Tineinae) is commonly regarded as an indoor pest of clothes. However, since N. striolella is rarely collected in the field, detailed biology of the species has been unknown. Individuals of N. striolella were from 161 nests of several animal species in Hokkaido, Japan, from 2022 to 2023. As a result, N. striolella was newly recorded from the nest of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans orii, the small Japanese field mouse Apodemus argenteus, and the white-throated needletail Hirundapus caudacutus. Furthermore, it was gained that new bionomic findings of N. striolella about larval food resource, pupation site, drought tolerance, and adult mating and oviposition behavior. © 2025 Lepidopterists' Society. All rights reserved
Localization of peptide hormones in the placentas of Bryde’s (Balaenoptera brydei), sei (B. borealis), and common minke (B. acutorostrata) whales
Get PDFapplication/pdfIn this study, we examined the morphological features of the placentas from 3 species of rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae), namely Bryde’s (Balaenoptera brydei), sei (B. borealis), and common minke (B. acutorostrata) whales, and verified the secretion of 2 placental-specific peptide hormones, placental lactogen (PL) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). The placentas were collected in the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under a special permit in the North Pacific (JARPN II) between 2009 and 2010. For all three species of rorqual whales, as the fetus grew, the interdigitation between the maternal endometrial folds and chorionic villi became more complicated, and many blood capillaries of chorionic villi and endometrium became larger and infiltrated the trophoblast cells and endometrial epithelial cells, respectively. In the immunohistochemical examination, the trophoblast cells (except for areolar trophoblast cells) showed immunoreactivities for the PL and luteinizing hormone (LH) antibodies, and this phenomenon was similar in the placentas of all 3 rorqual whale species. Our results suggest that PL and LH-like CG play roles in regulating pregnancy in the placenta of cetacean.journal articl
Temporal changes in the fermentation characteristics, bacterial community structure and the functionality of the predicted metagenome of a batch fermenter medium containing the upper gastrointestinal enzyme resistant fraction of white sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Get PDFapplication/pdfSorghum is a potential prebiotic ascribed to the high native resistant starch (RS) content. Our previous studies on raw sorghum have revealed prominent amino acid fermentation despite the high RS content. Interestingly, autoclaved-freeze-dried sorghum fed rats exhibited beneficial microbial and biochemical profiles. Having a keen interest to reciprocally scrutinize the underlying mechanisms behind these contrasting outcomes, we used an in vitro porcine batch fermentation model. The fermentable substrates in raw and autoclaved-freeze-dried (three cycles) sorghum (AC) after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion fostered similar bacterial community structures, yet with significant differences in the characteristic amylolytic microbial taxa abundance and their temporal variation. Further, significant differences in the concentration of organic acids in raw and AC manifested the differences in the predicted abundance of the underlying pathways of carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism. Thus, this study highlights the propensity of the heat-moisture treatment of sorghum in modifying the fermentability of its RS.journal articl
Potential Role of Pig UCP3 in Modulating Adipocyte Browning via the Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathway
Get PDFapplication/pdfAdipose tissue plays an important role in regulating body temperature and metabolism, with white adipocytes serving as storage units for energy. Recent research focused on the browning of white adipocytes (beige adipocytes), causing thermogenesis and lipolysis. The process of browning is linked to the activation of uncoupling protein (UCP) expression, which can be mediated by the β3 adrenergic receptor pathway. Transcriptional factors, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha, play vital roles in cell fate determination for fat cells. Beige adipocytes have metabolic therapeutic potential to combat diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, owing to their significant impact on metabolic functions. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause the induction of browning are unclear. Therefore, research using animal models and primary culture is essential to provide an understanding of browning for further application in human metabolic studies. Pigs have physiological similarities to humans; hence, they are valuable models for research on adipose tissue. This study demonstrates the browning potential of pig white adipocytes through primary culture experiments. The results show that upregulation of UCP3 gene expression and fragmentation of lipid droplets into smaller particles occur due to isoproterenol stimulation, which activates beta-adrenergic receptor signaling. Furthermore, PPARγ and PGC-1α were found to activate the UCP3 promoter region, similar to that of UCP1. These findings suggest that pigs undergo metabolic changes that induce browning in white adipocytes, providing a promising approach for metabolic research with potential implications for human health. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanism of adipocyte browning using pig primary culture that can enhance our understanding of human metabolism, leading to cures for commonly occurring diseases. © 2024 by the authors.journal articl
Historical Reduplication in Siraya
Get PDFThis paper aims to provide supplementary data and analysis regarding the historically reduplicated forms in Siraya (Austronesian) in terms of the features mentioned in Adelaar (2011) and present a number of phonological features observed in these words. First, this paper provides an exhaustive data set of historically reduplicated forms with infixes or or with an epenthetic vowel a, i, or u between a consonant cluster. It is proposed that the infixation had little impact on the meaning, and the phonetic realization of the epenthetic vowel was a schwa. Other features observed in historically reduplicated forms in Siraya are the devoicing of the C2 in the historical root C1VC2, and the word-final change from m to ŋ. This paper also identifies the consonant D, which dates back to Proto-Austronesian *d, in historically reduplicated forms, which show alternation between d and r in the Gospel dialect but between d and s in the UM dialect.Adelaar （2011）にはシラヤ語（台湾オーストロネシア諸語の一言語）における歴史的重複語に関する観察が挙げられるが、用いられたデータは部分的なものであった。本稿はまず歴史的重複語のデータを補完し、それをもとに更なる観察を加える。まずシラヤ語の歴史的重複語において接中辞またはが含まれる語と重複要素C1VC2の境界に母音a、iまたはuが付加される語を特定した。その上で、接中辞の挿入は意味的影響を及ぼさないこと、挿入母音は曖昧母音が想定されることを主張した。その他に、重複要素C1VC2の第二子音C2が有声の場合は無声化される傾向があること、C2が鼻音mの場合はŋに変化する傾向があることも明らかにした。さらに、シラヤ語の子音D（オーストロネシア祖語*dから変化した）を含む歴史的重複語を子音交替の特徴を基に特定した。先行研究によるとこの子音はシラヤ語の一方言であるGospel方言ではdとr間で交替し、もう一つの方言であるUM方言ではdとs間で交替する。departmental bulletin pape
Trichomoniasis and associated factors in Rugarama hospital, a peri-urban health facility in south western Uganda
Get PDFapplication/pdfTrichomoniasis is one of the neglected sexually transmitted infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and factors associated with trichomoniasis among patients seeking medical services at Rugarama hospital, Uganda was done between February – March 2023. 150 study participants were recruited, and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data. Vaginal and urethral swabs were collected aseptically, wet preparations were made for motility, and permanent slides were made, stained using the Giemsa staining technique and examined microscopically to identify Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites morphologically. The data was analyzed using Excel and SPSS. A chi-square was used to determine variables related to trichomoniasis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with trichomoniasis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The majority of the participants 78.7% (118/150) were female, had a primary level of education 55.3% (83/150), rural residence 65.3% (98/150), and married 55.3% (83/150). 6.7% (10/150) had trichomoniasis and were all female. Being married/ cohabiting (P- 0.022, 95% CI 0.067-8.350, OR 0.995) and cleaning private parts less than 3 days a week (P- 0.017, 95% CI 0.029-0.672, OR 0.0014) had a statistically significant association with trichomoniasis.
The prevalence of trichomoniasis was 6.7%. Factors associated with the T. vaginalis infection were being married or cohabiting and cleaning the house less than 3 days a week. Routine screening for T. vaginalis is vital for early diagnosis and disease management. Health education and sensitization of the masses about personal hygiene, protected sex, and avoiding multiple sexual partners.journal articl
Investigating Enteric Methane Mitigation: Assessing the Impact of Various Materials on Ruminants' Fermentation, Intake, and Digestibility
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（農学）Doctor of Agriculture2023application/pdf博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科 畜産科学専攻Doctoral Program of Animal Science and Agriculturedoctoral thesi
ウマ消化管内発酵の安定化に向けた細菌叢動態に基づく多面的解析
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（農学）Doctor of Agriculture2023application/pdf博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科 畜産科学専攻Doctoral Program of Animal Science and Agriculturedoctoral thesi