Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Chemical Modification of Cornstarch by Hydroxypropylation Enhances Cecal Fermentation-Mediated Lipid Metabolism in Rats
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Gender and Age Differences in the Suppressive Effect of a 50 Hz Electric Field on the Immobilization-Induced Increase of Plasma Glucocorticoid in Mice
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe developed an experimental system to characterize the suppressive effect of extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric fields (EFs) on the stress response. We assessed differences in the EF effects by age and gender. Control, EF-alone, immobilization-alone, and co-treated groups were subjected to an EF (50 Hz, 10 kV/m). Co-treated mice were exposed to the EF for 60 min, with immobilization during the latter half. Our results indicate that the suppressive effects of ELF EFs on the stress response in immobilized mice occur regardless of gender or age. As stress plays an important role in the onset and progression of various diseases, these findings may have broad implications for understanding the efficacy of EFs in animal, and perhaps human, health. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.journal articl
シーベリー果汁やシーベリー酢は 運動後の肝臓グリコーゲン量の貯蔵回復に影響を及ぼす
Get PDFapplication/pdf運動後の肝臓グリコーゲン量の貯蔵回復にシーベリー果汁やシーベリー酢が及ぼす影響について検討した。水泳運動後にグルコースとシーベリー果汁を共に与えたマウス [GJ群]の2時間後の肝臓グリコーゲン量は46.0±23.6mg/g f.w.、グルコースとシーベリー酢を共に与えたマウス[GV群]）のそれは47.3±18.5mg/g f.w.で、グルコースを単独で与えたマウス[G群] のそれ（21.3±10.1mg/g f.w.）に比べて、いずれも有意に高い値を示した。また、水泳運動後にグルコースとリンゴ酸を共に投与して30分後のマウス[GR群]の血中乳酸除去率は、マウス[G群]のそれに比べて有意に高い値を示した。また、マウス[GR群]の2時間後の肝臓グリコーゲン量は、[GJ群]や[GV群]とほぼ同様の高い値（45.8±22.2mg/g f.w.）を示した。これらの結果は、グルコースと共にシーベリー果汁、シーベリー酢およびリンゴ酸を摂取することは、運動後の疲労回復に効果的であることを示唆している。The effects of seaberry juice and seaberry vinegar on the recovery of liver glycogen stores after exercise were investigated. The amount of liver glycogen measured two hours after swimming exercise in mice fed glucose and seaberry juice (GJ group) was 46.0 ± 23.6 mg/g f.w. and that in mice fed glucose and seaberry vinegar (GV group) was 47.3 ± 18.5 mg/g f.w.; these values were significantly higher than those in mice fed glucose alone (G group) (21.3 ± 10.1 mg/g f.w.). Additionally, the rate of blood lactate clearance after swimming exercise in mice treated with glucose and malic acid (GR group) was significantly higher than that of the G group mice 30 min after feeding. Further, the liver glycogen levels in GR group mice measured two hours after swimming exercise were high (45.8 ± 22.2 mg/g f.w.), similar to those in GJ group and GV group. These results suggest that consumption of seaberry juice, seaberry vinegar, and malic acid along with glucose may be effective for the recovery from fatigue after exercise.departmental bulletin pape
北海道の天然生広葉樹林に生息する タイリクモモンガPteromys volans の資源利用性
Get PDFapplication/pdf広域に分布する森林性哺乳類では、その分布域内に複数の異なる森林植生が存在する場合があり、生息域内の植生の相違に伴い、同一種であってもその資源利用性が変化することがある。森林性哺乳類の中で最も樹木資源に依存した生活様式を有する滑空性哺乳類では、この資源利用性の変化が顕著に認められると期待される。そこで本研究では、滑空性の哺乳類の中で最も広汎な分布域を有するタイリクモモンガPteromys volansを対象として、異なる森林植生における資源利用性（営巣資源および採食資源）の変化を明らかにすることを目的とした。本種は、ユーラシア大陸北部から中部一帯、サハリン島、北海道に広く分布し、主にトウヒ属Picea spp.およびマツ属Pinus spp.が優占する針葉樹林や針広混交林に生息する。一方、本種の分布域南東端に位置する北海道の個体群では、針広混交林だけではなく広葉樹林での生息が確認されている。広葉樹林という本種にとって特異的な植生に生息する個体群は、大陸個体群や北海道の針広混交林に生息する個体群とは異なる資源利用性を示すと考えられ、本研究目的のために広葉樹林は最適な調査地であると判断できる。そこで、北海道足寄町に位置する九州大学北海道演習林内の天然生広葉樹林に樹種構成の異なる2か所の調査区を設け、各々に60個の巣箱を設置し、2018年および2019年の5〜10月に定期的な観察調査を実施した。巣箱内に搬入された巣材の観察を行った結果、主な巣材としてコケ類が使われている巣箱が多く見られた。この要因として、本種と同様にコケ類を巣材として利用するカラ類の影響（カラ類の巣材を再利用した可能性）、或いはコケの持つ抗菌作用などの機能性を本種が利用している可能性があるかもしれない。次に、個体捕獲時に採集した糞粒を用いてDNAメタバーコーディングによる食性解析を行った結果、カバノキ属Betula spp.、コナラ属Quercus spp.、サクラ属Cerasus spp.の他に、大陸個体群では報告されていないニレ属Ulmus spp.、シナノキ属Tilia spp.を採食資源として利用することが明らかになった。さらに、センボンゴケ科Pottiaceaeのコケ植物を採食する可能性が本研究により初めて示唆された。以上より、北海道の広葉樹林に生息するタイリクモモンガは、分布域南東端の特異的な森林植生に適応を示し、その地域に存在する資源を特異的に利用している可能性が示された。Forestry mammal species widely distributed on continents sometimes exist in different habitats within their distribution. Each habitat may provide opportunities for the local population to adapt to its unique ecological characteristics. Of arboreal gliding mammals, the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans has the most extensive distribution. This species is widely distributed across the northern Eurasian continent east to the Sakhalin in Russia and Hokkaido in Japan. It inhabits coniferous forests or mixed forests dominated by Picea spp. and/or Pinus spp.. In Hokkaido, the southeasternmost location, P. volans occurs not only in deciduous forests as well as mixed forests. Since this population may use resources unique to deciduous forests, we studied resource use by P. volans nesting and feeding in two study sites in the naturally regenerated deciduous forests in the Hokkaido Research Forest of Kyushu University, Ashoro, Hokkaido, Japan. In each site, we set up 60 nest boxes. From May to October in 2018 and 2019, we collected nesting materials from these boxes and feces of P. volans captured in these boxes. We found that mosses and shredded bark were used as nest materials; with mosses more frequently used. With the DNA meta-barcoding technique, we detected DNA sequences of plant species in collected feces. We found that P. volans fed on trees of five genera (Betula spp., Ulmus spp., Quercus spp., Tilia spp., and Prunus spp.) and Pottiaceae mosses. To date, Ulmus spp. and Tilia spp. have not been reported in diets of continental population. These results suggest that P. volans in Hokkaido has adapted to use the forest vegetation specific to its the southeasternmost location.departmental bulletin pape
Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in cattle, horses and sheep in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（畜産衛生学）2020application/pdf博士学位論文
大学院畜産学研究科 畜産衛生学専攻
Doctoral Program in Animal and Food Hygienedoctoral thesi
Bovine trypanosomosis in Bukanga County, Western Uganda: prevalence, farmers knowledge and livestock management practices
Get PDFapplication/pdfTrypanosomosis is considered as a threat to the ongoing efforts on poverty alleviation in Uganda despite attempts to control it. Understanding current prevalence and level of knowledge of local farmers influences the extent to which they adhere to and the success of existing control interventions. Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was determined from a total of 200 cattle blood samples randomly selected and screened for trypanosomes by microhaematocrit centrifugation method (HCT) and blood smear microscopy; a questionnaire was used to establish the level of knowledge and livestock practices. STATA
software was used for descriptive data analysis and Ashur’s scale to assess farmers’ knowledge. Four blood samples (4/200) were positive for trypanosomes by both HCT and smear microscopy techniques giving a prevalence of 2% (95% CI: 1.94 – 2.06); T. congolense and T. vivax species were identified with T. congolense contributing 75% of all infections.
Farmers level of knowledge was low and nomadic farming system was mainly practiced.
Trypanosomosis remains an economically important challenge in the study area. There is need to encourage farmers to adopt integrated tick and tsetse control practices by using acaricides that kill both ticks and tsetse and there is need for community sensitization and enhancement of the prevailing trypanosomosis control interventions.journal articl
Comparison of the morphology and viability of gamma irradiated vegetative cells, wet cysts, and dry cysts of the soil ciliate Colpoda cucullus
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe soil ciliate, Colpoda cucullus, can tolerate various types of environmental stress, including 4,000 Gy gamma radiation, by forming resting cysts (encystment). In this study, we found that C. cucullus resting cycts also were able to tolerate 8,000 Gy gamma radiation.
Irradiated wet cysts and dry cysts were morphologically indistinguishable from nonirradiated cysts and were able to successfully revert to vegetative cells (excystment). The viability (i.e., excystment) of dry cysts was higher than that of wet cysts after 8,000 Gy gamma irradiation. However, vegetative cells did not survive 8,000 Gy gamma radiation and decomposed.journal articl