Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Female Marking via Rubidium-Labeled Ejaculates in the West Indian Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire), is one of the pests of the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, in tropical and subtropical countries. Although an eradication program using the sterile insect technique (SIT) for this weevil is now underway in Japan, the lack of potent attractants such as sex pheromones for this weevil species prevents effective monitoring and hampers pest control operations. New methods to monitor the performance of sterile males using trapped wild females are needed. In this study, we tested whether the ejaculate of the labeled males that were fed an artificial diet labeled with the trace element, rubidium (Rb), is detectable in the fertilized females. We fed an artificial diet treated with Rb (1.00, 0.50, 0.25, and 0.00%) to adult male weevils for 14 d after emerging and quantified the rubidium content in inseminated females. We also examined the side effects of the artificial diet on mating performance and longevity. The advantages of monitoring the spatial level of sterility using data from females labeled with ejaculate of Rb-fed males in an SIT eradication program are discussed.journal articl
経営資源の編成と飼養管理が大規模酪農経営の経済性格差に与える影響
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（農学）2020application/pdf博士学位論文
大学院畜産学研究科 畜産科学専攻
Doctoral Program in Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Agriculturedoctoral thesi
ラクトコーダーを利用した帯広畜産大学における搾乳経験者と 初心者の搾乳作業の特徴の比較
Get PDFapplication/pdf帯広畜産大学の畜産フィールド科学センター（FSC）において、 主に大学公認サークルである「うしぶ。」の部員が搾乳作業で重要な役割を果たしている。毎年サークルに入部を希望する1年生は、 搾乳経験が浅いことが多い。そのため、 1年生と上級生の間には、 搾乳経験に大きな差がある。搾乳経験の差は、 搾乳作業や生産される乳量に影響を与える可能性がある。本研究は、 ラクトコーダーを用いて、1年生と上級生のそれぞれの搾乳の特徴を示すこと、 ならびに1年生と上級生を比較することで搾乳経験の差が搾乳作業に与える影響を明らかにすることを目的とした。実験は、2016年7月から9月に、 帯広畜産大学FSCの搾乳パーラーで行った。部員を、上級生10名と1年生12名に分け、測定データ数が上級生と1年生で同数になるように測定日を設定した。搾乳時には、ラクトコーダーによる計測と、計測対象となったウシとそのウシの搾乳者の、目視による行動観察とビデオ撮影を行った。正常に計測されたのべ108頭の搾乳データを利用した。ラクトコーダーによる判定と、ラクトコーダーから得られた乳流曲線と、行動観察の記録から、得られた搾乳データを正常、バイモダリティ、バイモダリティ疑いあり、ライナースリップ、再搾乳の5種類に分類した。正常以外の搾乳は上級生と1年生の両方で発生しており、正常な搾乳は上級生において割合が高かった。平均総乳量（kg）には1年生と上級生と有意な差がみられなかったことから、生産量という点からでは、1年生は上級生と差はなかったことが明らかとなった。しかし、搾乳前作業を4つに分け、プレディッピング、前搾り、乳頭洗浄、ユニット装着の平均時間（秒）を上級生と1年生で比較した場合、搾乳前作業にかかった時間では、すべての項目で1年生が上級生に比較して有意に（P<0.05）長かった。At the Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture (FSC) of Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, members of the university-approved circle "Ushibu" play an important role in milking work. First-grade students who wish to join the circle every year often have little experience in milking. Therefore, there is a big difference in milking experience between first graders and seniors. Differences in milking experience can affect milking operations and milk production. This study uses a lactocoder to show the characteristics of milking operations in first and senior graders and to clarify the effect of differences in milking experience on milking work. The experiment was conducted from July to September 2016 at the milking parlor at FSC of Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. The members were divided into 10 senior students and 12 first graders, and measurements were taken so that the number of measurement data was the same for senior students and first graders. At the time of milking, the cow’s milk flow was measured by the lactocoders and the students were visually observed and recorded. Data of a total of 108 cows measured correctly was used. The milking data obtained was classified into 5 types of normal, bimodality, suspected bimodality, liner slip, re-milking. The classification was made from 4 point of view (the measured data by the lactocoder, the milk flow curve obtained from the lactocoder, and the record of behavioral observation). Non-normal milking occurred in both senior and first graders, with normal milking was predominant in seniors. Since there was no significant difference in the average total milk yield (kg) between the first graders and the senior students, it was clear that the first graders were not different from the senior students in terms of production volume. However, the time was significantly longer in the first grade than in the senior grade (P <0.05) when the pre-milking work was divided into four, and the average time (seconds) for pre-dipping, pre-milking, nipple cleansing, and unit attaching and compared between senior and first grade students.departmental bulletin pape
Evaluation of 5-Aminolevulenic Acid Plus Ferrous Ion for Its Potential to Improve Symptoms of Bovine Babesiosis
Get PDFapplication/pdf5-aminolevulenic acid (ALA), an endogenous, non-proteinogenic, naturally occurring amino acid found in diverse organisms, is a precursor of heme biosynthesis. For apicomplexan protozoan parasites, an ALA and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) combination was previously evaluated and suggested as a potential drug candidate for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of this combination against bovine babesiosis. ALA administration at 100 and 500 µM coupled with 10 µM SFC in culture medium significantly inhibited intraerythrocytic development and growth of Babesia bovis, which causes cerebral babesiosis in cattle, under in vitro culture. However, administration of 10 µM SFC only in the medium did not inhibit parasite growth. ALA/SFC was efficacious in treating babesiosis in an experimental animal model with B. microti, which causes debilitating babesiosis in mice. Female BALB/c mice were infected with B. microti and administered a single oral dose of ALA/SFC combination daily in different concentrations for 30 days. Treatment with ALA/SFC at 4/0.4 mg/kg body weight significantly suppressed parasite development in the mice blood circulation and resulted in significantly lower parasitemia. Moreover, body weight loss in the mice has been improved significantly compared with the control group at the peak of parasitemia. Treated mice showed moderate decreases in red blood cell count, hemoglobin value, and hematocrit compared with those observed in the control group, indicating an effect in moderating progressive anemia. These findings suggested the potential of ALA/SFC to achieve symptomatic improvement against bovine babesiosis. © 2021 by the authors.journal articl
Prospective survey of Aspergillus species isolated from clinical specimens and their antifungal susceptibility: A five-year single-center study in Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdfAspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent species that causes aspergillosis. A. fumigatus strains with tandem repeats in the cyp51A promoter have emerged in the environment. Aspergillus species other than A. fumigatus have also been recognized as causative agents of aspergillosis; however, they show lower susceptibility to antifungals compared with A. fumigatus. Therefore, it is important to precisely identify Aspergillus species and determine their antifungal susceptibility. Herein, we collected 119 mold strains isolated from clinical specimens collected at a hospital between November 2013 and December 2018. The collected strains were identified by sequencing several regions, including internal transcribed spacers, and determined their susceptibility to the antifungals itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B. Of 119 strains, 107 were Aspergillus species, which were identified as A. fumigatus (67), Aspergillus section Nigri (21), A. flavus (7), A. terreus (6), and A. nidulans (6). In Aspergillus section Nigri, the number of A. niger was less than the number of A. welwitschiae and A. tubingensis. Two azole-resistant A. fumigatus samples were included among the isolates. Four of the eight A. tubingensis isolates showed less susceptibility to voriconazole; however, all isolates of A. niger and A. welwitschiae were susceptible to itraconazole and voriconazole. Because of lack of susceptibility data for non-fumigatus Aspergillus and an increasing frequency of antifungal resistance among A. fumigatus, our data along with further surveillance may contribute to determining the frequency and susceptibility of Aspergillus spp. clinical isolates in Japan. © 2019 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseasesjournal articl
Effect of combining additional bakery enzymes and high pressure treatment on bread making qualities
Get PDFapplication/pdfVarious enzymes are added to dough to improve the quality. Two enzymes are α-amylase and hemicellulase (bakery enzymes), whose substrates are damaged starch and insoluble dietary fiber, respectively. They improve the formation of gluten networks in the dough, resulting in a higher specific loaf volume (SLV). The use of high-pressure treatment has also increased as a substitute for heat treatment and various products are being processed utilizing high-pressure treatment. This study investigated the effect of combing bakery enzyme and high-pressure treatment on dough qualities. The optimal concentration of bakery enzymes and high-pressure level were determined using response surface methodology and optimization technique. Bread dough was prepared by the optimal condition, 0.20% of bakery enzyme and 43 MPa of high-pressure treatment, and the bread dough was then baked. Optimal combining bakery enzyme and high-pressure treatment drastically improved bread making qualities such as increased SLV, higher concentrations of reducing sugar, and lower concentrations of damaged starch and insoluble dietary fiber compared to the control and to those that were only treated with bakery enzymes or high-pressure treatment, respectively. In addition, the bread with both bakery enzymes and high-pressure treatment showed improved micro structure in the crumb and maintained freshness longer. © 2019, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).journal articl
Hair Growth of Brown Bears during Winter
Get PDFapplication/pdfTo examine whether hair of brown bears (Ursus arctos) grows during winter, we shaved off the hair (guard hair and underfur) from an area 5 cm in diameter on back region of eight brown bears before winter, and observed the shaved area the following spring. As a result, we found that underfur had grown in the shaved areas on all individuals. Unlike Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), which does not show hair growth during winter, the underfur could be necessary for brown bear inhabiting in sub-arctic region during winter. Maintaining actively the hair cycle in brown bear may be an adaptation to colder environments.ヒグマの体毛（保護毛および下毛）が冬期に成長するか否かを検証するため，秋期に8頭の飼育個体の背部を直径約5cmのサークル状に剃毛し，翌春その部位の観察を行った。その結果，ヒマラヤグマでは冬期に体毛は成長しないとされているが，ヒグマでは下毛の成長が認められ，亜寒帯域に生息する本種にとって下毛の存在は重要であることが示された。ヒグマにおける冬期の毛周期活性の維持は寒冷に対する適応であるかもしれない。departmental bulletin pape