Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Dietary adzuki bean paste dose-dependently reduces visceral fat accumulation in rats fed a normal diet
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Prevalence of different trypanosomes in livestock in Blue Nile and West Kordofan States, Sudan
Get PDFapplication/pdfAfrican animal trypanosomosis, transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies or mechanically by other biting flies, causes serious health problems in livestock. Although tsetse infestations have been observed in Blue Nile State in Sudan, tsetse was eradicated in West Kordofan in 1962, and no further studies have been carried out. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle, sheep, and goats in Blue Nile and West Kordofan States, Sudan. This cross-sectional study was conducted using 70 cattle, 62 sheep, and 116 goats, and the microhematocrit centrifugation technique was used as a parasitological test. KIN-multispecies polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Trypanozoon sp., Trypanosoma congolense, and T. vivax; RoTat 1.2 variable surface glycoprotein-specific PCR was used to detect T. evansi; and TviCatL PCR was used to specifically detect T. vivax. The seroprevalence of trypanosomosis was assessed using card agglutination tests CATT/ T. evansi. The parasitological prevalence rates were 4% (3/70) in cattle, 2% (1/62) in sheep, and 4% (5/116) in goats. The molecular prevalence rates of T. vivax, the most prevalent parasite, were 99% (69/70) in cattle, 98% (61/62) in sheep, and 84% (98/116) in goats. Trypanozoon (T. evansi or T. brucie) rates were 30% (21/70) in cattle, 32% (20/62) in sheep, and 12% (14/116) in goats. Among Trypanozoon-positive isolates, T. evansi was confirmed in 24% (5/21) of cattle, 70% (14/20) of sheep, and 86% (12/14) of goats. Finally, T. congolense was recorded only in cattle in Blue Nile State, with a prevalence of 14% (10/70). The seroprevalence rates of CATT/T. evansi were 46% (32/70) in cattle, 45% (28/62) in sheep, and 14% (16/116) in goats. Thus, we confirmed molecularly, for the first time, the presence of Trypanozoon, particularly T. evansi and T. vivax, in sheep and goats in Sudan. Our results show that sheep and goats could be an important reservoir for trypanosomes, potentially leading to the spread of the disease to the northern parts of the country following the movement of these animals. These findings provide important insights into the epidemiology of the disease and could affect the establishment of control strategies against trypanosomosis in Sudan.journal articl
Overpasses intended for human use can be crossed by middle and large-size mammals
Get PDFapplication/pdfRoad overpasses cost more than underpasses and can be built for most terrestrial mammals to resolve and/or minimize effects from habitat fragmentation. Many overpasses intended for human activity might also allow wildlife passage. Using digital infrared cameras from 2015 to 2016 in Hokkaido, Japan, we evaluated such use in three overpasses, where two were designed for humans and one for wildlife. Nine mammal species were detected at the three overpasses. Three middle-sized mammals—raccoons (Procyon lotor), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)—and a large mammal species, the sika deer (Cervus nippon), frequently used all of the overpasses. Our results showed that the overpass designed for wildlife was richer in species than the two overpasses for humans. However, results also showed that there were no significant differences in use among four animal species in the three overpasses. We propose the construction of small overpasses without plants to conserve habitat reconnection of middle-sized to large mammals. Arboreal species’ habitats need structural change with additional of plants. © 2019, International Consortium of Landscape and Ecological Engineering.journal articl
Studies on epidemiology, development of chemotherapy and genetic modification of piroplasmosis
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（畜産衛生学）2019application/pdf博士学位論文
大学院畜産学研究科畜産衛生学専攻
Doctor’s Course of Animal and Food Hygienedoctoral thesi
障がい者や初心者に安全な馬の新しい生産法：凍結精液による人工授精・受精卵移植法の手引
Get PDF日本中央競馬会特別振興資金助成事業「障がい者乗用馬ならびに在来馬の生産法確立事業」の情報発信事業として作成othe
Photosynthetic and Morphological Acclimation to High and Low Light Environments in Petasites japonicus subsp. giganteus
Get PDFapplication/pdfWithin each species, leaf traits such as light-saturated photosynthetic rate or dark respiration rate acclimate to local light environment. Comparing only static physiological traits, however, may not be sufficient to evaluate the effects of such acclimation in the shade because the light environment changes diurnally. We investigated leaf photosynthetic and morphological acclimation for a perennial herb, butterbur (Petasites japonicus (Siebold et Zucc.) Maxim. subsp. giganteus (G.Nicholson) Kitam.) (Asteraceae), in both a well-lit clearing and a shaded understory of a temperate forest. Diurnal changes in light intensity incident on the leaves were also measured on a sunny day and an overcast day. Leaves in the clearing were more folded and upright, whereas leaves in the understory were flatter. Leaf mass per area (LMA) was approximately twofold higher in the clearing than in the understory, while light-saturated photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate per unit mass of leaf were similar between the sites. Consequently, both light-saturated photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate per unit area of leaf were approximately twofold higher in the clearing than in the understory, consistent with previous studies on different species. Using this experimental dataset, we performed a simulation in which sun and shade leaves were hypothetically exchanged to investigate whether such plasticity increased carbon gain at each local environment. As expected, in the clearing, the locally acclimated sun leaves gained more carbon than the hypothetically transferred shade leaves. By contrast, in the understory, the daily net carbon gain was similar between the simulated sun and shade leaves on the sunny day due to the frequent sunflecks. Lower LMA and lower photosynthetic capacity in the understory reduced leaf construction cost per area rather than maximizing net daily carbon gain. These results indicate that information on static photosynthetic parameters may not be sufficient to evaluate shade acclimation in forest understories.journal articl
Extremely low-frequency electric field suppresses not only induced stress response but also stress-related tissue damage in mice
Get PDFapplication/pdfAlthough extremely low-frequency electric fields (ELF-EF) have been utilised for therapeutic purposes, the biological effect and the underlying mechanism of ELF-EF have not been elucidated. Here, we developed a mouse model of immobilisation-induced increase in glucocorticoid (GC) to evaluate the effect of ELF-EF. Mice were exposed to 50-Hz 10 kV/m EF via a parallel plate electrode and immobilised as needed. The ELF-EF suppressed the immobilisation-induced increase in blood GC level. Here, the results of 32 tests using the model were pooled and analysed. The suppressive effect of ELF-EF on immobilisation-induced increase in GC was reproduced, and the GC level was slightly higher in the ELF-EF-treated mice than in the sham-controlled mice, a novel observation. The immobilisation-induced increase in lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, markers of tissue damage, was suppressed by co-treatment with EF in the biochemical tests using the same plasma sample. In the metabolome analysis, the changes in corticosterones, leukotrienes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, markers of inflammation, showed a pattern similar to that of the plasma GC level. Thus, ELF-EF suppresses the stress response that causes an increase in the GC level and slightly promotes GC production in the absence of stress. Moreover, the suppressive effect of ELF-EF on induced stress response might be involved in stress-induced tissue damage or inflammation in immobilised mice. Overall, the model and the data help explore the biological effect of ELF-EF and explain the stress-relieving effect of EF. They would be useful in determining the medical applications of EF in humans and animals.journal articl
Tolerance of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 wet resting cysts to extreme pH (pH 1 and 13): Implications of less permeability of the cyst membrane to H+ and OH
Get PDFapplication/pdfIn parasitic unicellular eukaryotes, the tolerance to the pH (1-1.5) of gastric acid is a crucial survival strategy so that they can proliferate in the intestinal tract. We found that the resting cysts of non-parasitic soil ciliate Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 showed a strong tolerance to both extremely low and high pH. The purpose of this study was to explore the tolerance mechanism to extreme pH. Most cysts were alive after exposure to 0.1 M HCl (pH 1) for 4 h, or after exposure to 0.1 M NaOH (pH 13) for 3 h. Such tolerance to extreme pH is acquired gradually over several days after encystment induction. The resting cysts were reversibly dehydrated by osmotic pressure when they were transferred from water to 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M NaOH. This result suggests that H+/Cl- and Na+/OH- may diffuse through the cyst wall to reach the plasma membrane. Acid tolerance was reduced in the presence of protonophore
(CCCP), suggesting that less permeability of the cyst plasma membrane to H+ may be responsible for acid tolerance.journal articl
北海道の1酪農場におけるLeptospira血清型Hardjoの不顕性感染と繁殖成績の関係
Get PDFapplication/pdf牛は Leptospira interrogans 血清型 Hardjo 及び Leptospira borgpeteresentii 血清型 Hardjo (L. Hardjo）の維持宿主となることが報告されている。近年，LHardjo の国内，特に北海道における乳用牛群への浸潤が報告されている。本研究では，北海道の1酪農場において， LHardjo 抗体の保有状況と繁殖成績の関連性を検証した．乳汁中の L.Hardjo 抗体を調べ，抗体陽性牛（n= 54）と陰性牛（n= 55）に分類した。分娩後125, 150及ぴ200日における受胎率は抗体陽性牛が有意に低かった。生存曲線による空胎日数の比較では抗体陽性牛群で長くなる傾向が認められた。また，妊娠中絶率は，抗体陽性牛で高い傾向が認められた。本研究の結果から，囲内の酪農場における L. Hardjo の不顕性感染が潜在的に乳牛の生産性を低下させる1要因となり得ることが明らかとなった。journal articl