Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the regulation of sperm fertilizing capacity and embryo development competence in cattle
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（農学）Doctor of Agriculture2022application/pdf博士学位論文大学院畜産学研究科畜産科学専攻Doctoral Program of Animal Science and Agriculturedoctoral thesi
Optimal value for the exponential term of Wilmink's function according to current Holstein lactation curves in Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe compared values of Wilmink's exponential term to describe the lactation curves of Holstein cows in Japan. Data were a total of 100,971,798 test-day records from the first through fifth parities during 1991 through 2018. The lactation curve model used fourth-order Legendre polynomials and Wilmink's exponential term. In total, 810 analyses were executed to compare six values (−0.02, −0.03, …, −0.07) for the exponential term to select the one that yielded the smallest root mean square error. For all parities, daily milk yield and lactation persistency increased consistently and peak lactation days occurred later from year to year. For the years evaluated, the optimal exponential term was −0.05 for first and second parities, −0.04 for third parity, and −0.03 for fourth and fifth parities. The change in the exponential parameter with increasing year was related to delays in peak lactation. © 2022 Japanese Society of Animal Science.journal articl
Socio-economic and epidemiological study on foot and mouth disease control in Sri Lanka
Get PDF帯広畜産大学博士（畜産衛生学）2022application/pdf博士学位論文Doctoral Program of Animal Science and AgricultureGraduate School of
Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Agriculturedoctoral thesi
A PCR-based survey of animal trypanosomes among domestic animals herded together in the Bayan-Ulgii and Khovd provinces of Mongolia
Get PDFapplication/pdfTrypanosoma evansi affects a wide range of domestic animal hosts and can be mechanically
cross-transmitted by biting flies when various animals graze together. A total of 1,058 animals (camels, yaks, goats, sheep, cattle, and horses), herded together in the Bayan-Ulgii and Khovd provinces of Mongolia, were screened for animal trypanosomosis using KIN (ITS1) PCR; 21.27% of the samples tested positive. There were significant differences in prevalence among animal species (small ruminants, p < 0.01), sex (males, p < 0.05), and age (adult, p < 0.05). Considering the location, a significant difference in sheep was observed, with the prevalence of trypanosomosis being higher among sheep in Khovd Province (p < 0.01) than in Bayan-Ulgii. This is the first study to highlight the prevalence of animal trypanosomosis in domestic animals that range together in Mongolian grasslands. This study also highlights the significance of small ruminants as possible reservoirs of trypanosomes, and shows the relationship between herd structure, age, and sex and trypanosomosis prevalence in Mongolia.journal articl
Effect of selective dry cow therapy on dry period intramammary infection dynamics and their association with management factors in Japan
Get PDFSelective dry cow therapy (SDCT) allocates antibiotics in the dry period to cows or quarters with a high risk of intramammary infection (IMI), potentially improving antibiotic stewardship. However, SDCT has not been used in Japan, possibly due to concerns of negative impacts on udder health. This research aims to evaluate how the SDCT use affected dry period IMI dynamics in Japan. Additionally, the effects of management factors were also considered. At dry-off, 44 cows received antibiotics plus external teat sealant or external sealant in isolation based on their IMI risk, which was assessed using milk culture, a modified California mastitis test (CMT), and mastitis records. The SDCT approach allowed antibiotic use to be reduced by 33.7%. However, quarters with a low risk of infection who received no antibiotics had a numerically higher prevalence of IMI before calving than those who received antibiotics (28.6% vs. 19.2%). In addition, an increased risk of IMI in quarters without antibiotics was also attributed to poor herd hygiene and a shorter duration of external teat sealant adherence. The result suggests that these factors influence the outcome of an SDCT program. Therefore, a uniform recommendation for dry cow herd management may not be optimal. © 2022 Japanese Society of Animal Science.journal articl
The effects of maternal supplementation of rumen-protected lysine during the close-up dry period on newborn metabolism and growth in Holstein calves
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) supplementation during the close-up period on blood metabolites and calf growth. Forty multiparous Holstein dams were selected based on parity, body condition score, and expected calving date, and randomly assigned to a group: with RPL (n = 22) or without (control [CON], n = 18). RPL dams were supplied daily with 80 g of RPL from Day 21 before the expected calving date to parturition. Blood samples were obtained from the dams before the start of supplementation, 1 week before calving, and immediately after calving, and from calves immediately after birth and weekly until 8 weeks of age. Body weight measurements were performed immediately after birth in all calves and at weekly intervals until 8 weeks of age in female calves. No significant difference was observed in serum metabolite levels and plasma amino acid concentrations between the RPL and CON dams before supplementation, whereas plasma lysine concentrations tended to be higher in RPL dams immediately after calving (p = 0.07). Serum total protein levels (p < 0.05) were higher, whereas plasma total amino acid, total essential amino acid, total non-essential amino acid, and other amino acid concentrations were lower in the calves of RPL dams than those of CON dams (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in calf birth weight between the two groups, although female calves of RPL dams (n = 7) had higher serum total protein (p < 0.05) and tended to have greater body weight (p = 0.09) from 1 to 8 weeks of age than those of CON dams (n = 11). Overall, RPL supplementation during the close-up period may increase placenta-mediated amino acid transfer to the foetus and enhance protein synthesis in the calf, leading to improved weight gain during the suckling period. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.journal articl
Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots
Get PDFapplication/pdf• Background and Aims An individual plant consists of different-sized shoots, each of which consists of
different-sized leaves. To predict plant-level physiological responses from the responses of individual leaves,
modelling this within-shoot leaf size variation is necessary. Within-plant leaf trait variation has been well investi-gated in canopy photosynthesis models but less so in plant allometry. Therefore, integration of these two different approaches is needed.
• Methods We focused on an established leaf-level relationship that the area of an individual leaf lamina is pro - portional to the product of its length and width. The geometric interpretation of this equation is that different-sized leaf laminas from a single species share the same basic form. Based on this shared basic form, we synthesized a new length-times-width equation predicting total shoot leaf area from the collective dimensions of leaves that comprise a shoot. Furthermore, we showed that several previously established empirical relationships, including the allometric relationships between total shoot leaf area, maximum individual leaf length within the shoot and total leaf number of the shoot, can be unified under the same geometric argument. We tested the model predic - tions using five species, all of which have simple leaves, selected from diverse taxa (Magnoliids, monocots and eudicots) and from different growth forms (trees, erect herbs and rosette herbs).
• Key Results For all five species, the length-times-width equation explained within-species variation of total
leaf area of a shoot with high accuracy ( R2 > 0.994). These strong relationships existed despite leaf dimensions scaling very differently between species. We also found good support for all derived predictions from the model (R2 > 0.85).
• Conclusions Our model can be incorporated to improve previous models of allometry that do not consider
within-shoot size variation of individual leaves, providing a cross-scale linkage between individual leaf-size vari-ation and shoot-size variation.journal articl
