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Medical care, humanitarianism and intimacy in the long Second World War, 1931-1953
Get PDFThis book offers a micro-global history of humanitarianism and medical care during the ‘long’ Second World War, challenging the traditional Eurocentric chronological boundaries of 1939/1945. It takes as its starting point the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, which led to the progressive dislocation of the League of Nations, with Japanese, German and Soviet departures in the 1930s. It ends with the termination of the Korean War in 1953 and the subsequent dismantling of the first United Coalition and UN peace enforcement operation. This periodisation allows the contributors to consider the role of extra-European spaces and conflicts, such as the Italo-Ethiopian War, conflict between Peru and Ecuador, and the Second Sino-Japanese War. Using innovative methodological approaches, including a focus on medical care and intimacy (Chapters 1 and 4), this book is neither structured around breaks and ruptures, nor linear shifts from ‘imperial humanitarianism’ to ‘neo-humanitarianism’ or ‘amateurism’ to ‘professionalism’. Instead of creating a metanarrative and an overarching story of humanitarianism during the long Second World War, it considers the slow, messy and ambivalent transformation of humanitarian actors’ relations to the suffering of distant others through studying humanitarian encounters, practices, spaces and affects. Paying close attention to actors such as French colonial doctors (Chapter 2), Swiss ICRC delegates (Chapters 3 and 10), Egyptian relief workers (Chapter 4), Chinese-style physicians (Chapter 5), Peruvian and Ecuadorian nurses (Chapter 6) and American members of the Unitarian Service Committee (Chapter 7), this book does not erase the important differences between them but provides a more holistic story of humanitarianism: one that recognises its complexity and the intensification of circulations from one conflict and front to another
Theology of Prophecy in Dialogue
Get PDFThis volume examines the Rabbinic, Qur’anic and Christian understandings of prophecy from a historical and comparative theological perspective. The Rabbinic perspectives on the phenomenon of prophecy are analyzed in their historical continuity and engagement with the theological traditions of Islam and Christianity. The examination of female prophecy also occupies a central place here. Similarly, several contributors describe the deep roots of Qur’anic prophetology in the Christian and Jewish traditions of Late Antiquity and the Arabic context. Finally, the anthology attempts to reflect on these different theological traditions of prophecy in the Christian, Jewish, and Qur’anic traditions from a comparative theological perspective and to discuss the possible theological significance of this phenomenon in the modern age
Gender Economics and Gender Pay Gap
Get PDFGender Economics and Gender Pay Gap - Trends and Explanations brings together studies on gender inequalities in the labour market with a specific focus on disparities in earnings. This comprehensive volume assembles scholarly research that explores the complexities of gender wage gaps, investigating their extent, causes and effects, as well as local efforts to enhance women's socio-economic status through economic activities. The book comprises nine insightful chapters that will appeal to those interested in empirical and practical advancements in the field of gender studies, particularly students, teachers, and researchers across disciplines, as well as professionals, employers, and practitioners working towards addressing gender inequalities worldwide
Organized Crime and National Security in Spain
Get PDFThis book offers an analysis of how organized crime operates in Spain and the security apparatus designed to contain it.
Organized crime is currently one of the most serious security threats facing democratic societies. Despite its intense presence and the responses that states have articulated in recent decades, little attention has been paid to the measurement of the effectiveness of the means adopted to combat it. Thus, this volume delves into this issue and performs an analysis of the police dimension of the response to organized crime in Spain. Firstly, this volume describes the international phenomenon of organized crime and its evolution in Spain, and continues by analyzing the profile and the characteristics of the different police forces and their resources and capabilities. This book then discusses the consequences of the measures at international level, European Union level, and local level, in relation to other police forces. Finally, the volume addresses the legal and public policy efforts that Spanish Law Enforcement Agencies have made in supervising or regulating their own police forces, which is necessary to carry out a detailed analysis of the consequences on the presence and strength of organized crime in the structures, strategies and decisions that Spain adopted over the last decades. As a result, this book builds on and updates the previous work by international scholars and proposes an interesting methodology that can contribute to the advancement of security studies.
This book will be of interest to students of organized crime, criminology, Spanish politics and security studies.
The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license
Schlüsselbegriffe gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts
Get PDFDieses kritische Vokabular durchleuchtet die rasante Verbreitung der Rhetorik vom »gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt« in verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Praxis- und Konfliktfeldern.Ließe sich die politische und mediale Rhetorik der Bundesrepublik des vergangenen Jahrzehntes auf eine Sehnsuchtsformel bringen, es wäre die des »gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts«. In der modernen Gesellschaft hatte der Bewegungsbegriff des Fortschritts das Versprechen ökonomischen Wohlstands, technologischer Entwicklung und politischer Emanzipation gebündelt. Die Rede vom »Zusammenhalt« evoziert dagegen eher Bewahren als Modernisieren, eher Nostalgie als Utopie, eher Immobilisierung als Bewegung. Damit steht sie auch einem lange vorherrschenden Globalisierungsdiskurs entgegen. Für ihn waren Verkettungen und Ungleichzeitigkeiten, war die Überschreitung von Grenzen und Zugehörigkeiten prägend. Es ist vor allem die bürgerliche Mitte, die als Folge einer wahrgenommenen gesellschaftlichen Desintegration an den Zusammenhalt appelliert. In antihegemonialen Diskursen und sozialen Bewegungen firmiert er selten als gesellschaftspolitisch erstrebenswerter Bezugspunkt. In diesem kritischen Vokabular wird die rasante Verbreitung des »Zusammenhalts« in verschiedenen Praxisfeldern nachgezeichnet und durchleuchtet. Durch marginale, konflikthafte und in alltäglichen Praktiken situierte Begriffe wird die hegemoniale Rede vom Zusammenhalt dabei vorzugsweise von den Rändern her erschlossen und dezentriert
Utopia in the Factory
Get PDFThis book is open access.The idea that automation, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics might lead to a utopian future for humanity is a powerful one both in mainstream and radical discourse. The paradigm of ‘Industry 4.0’ where digital manufacturing enables the seamless production of goods (and services) and ‘lights out’ factories where machines and robots effortlessly produce for our future needs and wants are powerful drivers of a capitalist, free market cybertopia. For some radicals, technology and automation produce the conditions for a Fully Automated Luxury Communism, drawing on an interpretation of Marx, where human work would be replaced by a life of leisure and abundance for all. For others, an earlier discourse – cybernetics - and the use of AI and social media in communication and co-ordination enable forms of radical organization through ‘anarchist cybernetics’. This book questions that technological optimism – particularly cybernetics, automation and AI – through a critique of these technologies and organizational forms. Cybernetics and corresponding technologies and forms (particularly Industry 4.0) can never capture human forms of creativity and working practices. Furthermore, there are similar problems with the ‘cybernetic paradigm’ as a radical form of organization or social movement in terms of human autonomy, creativity, desire and social prefiguration. As counterpoint the book shows, through empirical evidence and drawing on interviews with workers or activists in a variety of organizational forms, that tacit knowledge and autonomous and spontaneous human projects (what the authors define as ‘hobbying’) are critical in the physical act of making and co-operating
