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The Legal Relationship between Present and Future Generations
No full textThe legal relationship between present and future generations is shaped by the concept of intergenerational equity. This concept and its structures of implementation are still controversial today. The present book examines two connected research questions. First, it analyses the legal contents and structures of the concept of intergenerational equity as of today. In this regard, the book addresses two manifestations of intergenerational equity: a general conception and a specific doctrine of intergenerational equity that both differ in their contents as well as their legally binding character. Furthermore, the operationalisation of the concept is still in progress as far as the respective duty-bearers and potential right-holders as well as means of representation are concerned. In this context, the various attempts and actual forms of representation of future generations in policy-making and international and national judicial proceedings are analysed and categorised. The first part of the book comes to the conclusion that intergenerational equity from a contemporaneous perspective is continuously evolving between lex lata and lex ferenda. Therefore and second, the book examines which legal understanding the present generation would and should base its answer on from an intertemporal law perspective on the legal relationship between the present and the future. Starting from the existing doctrine of intertemporal law, this doctrine cannot be applied par for par to the concept of intergenerational equity due to formal as well as substantial reasons. The inherently intertemporal nature of intergenerational equity as well as the irreversible impacts of most intergenerational violations require a shift of perspective with regard to intergenerational equity. The book establishes a modified doctrine of intertemporal law that is adequately applicable to disputes on intergenerational equity. This is an open access book
Jim Crow in the Asylum
No full textThere is a complicated history of racism and psychiatric healthcare in the Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. The asylums of the Jim Crow era employed African American men and women; served as places of treatment and care for African Americans with psychiatric illnesses; and, inevitably, were places of social control. Black people who lived and worked in these facilities needed to negotiate complex relationships of racism with their own notions of community, mental health, and healing. Kylie M. Smith mixes exhaustive archival research, interviews, and policy analysis to offer a comprehensive look at how racism affected Black Southerners with mental illness during the Jim Crow era. Complicated legal, political, and medical changes in the late twentieth century turned mental health services into a battlefield between political ideology and psychiatric treatment approaches, with the fallout having long-term consequences for patient outcomes. Smith argues that patterns of racially motivated abuse and neglect of mentally ill African Americans took shape during this era and continue to the present day. As the mentally ill become increasingly incarcerated,Jim Crow in the Asylum reminds readers that, for many Black Southerners, having a mental illness was and still tantamount to committing a crime
Nuclear Power
No full textThis open access book offers a comprehensive overview of nuclear technologies and the nuclear supply chain. It explores nuclear energy as a critical resource through economic, geopolitical, and social lenses, assessing its potential role in combating climate change. The book also addresses key challenges, including nuclear waste management, decommissioning, and back-end operations. By examining both historical hurdles and future policy and industry obstacles, it provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry professionals navigating the evolving landscape of nuclear energy
Electrical Brain Stimulation: Mechanisms and Modulation of Neuronal Activity
No full textThis open access book explores the mechanisms and modulation of invasive neural electrical stimulation in the brain. Drawing from the author's extensive research experience, it offers in-depth yet accessible content, enriched with vivid illustrations and practical applications. Notably, the book provides detailed techniques for animal experiments and methods for recording and processing neural electrical signals with a depth rare in similar works. The book is divided into two parts. Part I introduces fundamental electrophysiological theories and experimental methods. It covers the basic electrical properties of neuronal membranes, the famous Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical model, hippocampal neural networks and electrically evoked potentials, in-vivo rat experimental methods and equipment, and techniques for recording and processing neural electrical signals. Part II focuses on neural modulation through various electrical stimulations. It examines how various patterns of high-frequency pulse stimulations affect individual neurons, neuronal populations, and neural networks. In addition to exploring neuronal responses to electrical stimulation under normal physiological conditions, this part also investigates the inhibitory effects of high-frequency stimulation on epileptiform activity. This comprehensive book can serve as a valuable reference for researchers, teachers, students, and enthusiasts in the fields of neurophysiology, neural signal analysis, neural engineering, neuromodulation, brain stimulation, and brain-computer interfaces. It also provides excellent supplementary material for undergraduate and graduate courses in biomedical signal processing, neural engineering, and neuroscience
Thyroid Eye Disease
No full textThis open access book provides a comprehensive, open access reference on thyroid eye disease for healthcare professionals. It is structured for easy reference around the key topics in thyroid eye disease management, with sections on natural history and pathogenesis, diagnosis and investigation, medical management, surgical management and psychological impact. The support of Thyroid Eye Disease Charitable Trust ensures that the book includes consideration of patient-centered care throughout each chapter. Thyroid Eye Disease: A Collaborative Open Access Reference is an essential resource for ophthalmologists around the world (particularly oculoplastics specialists) as well as endocrinologists, nurses, optometrists and orthoptists
Classical and Bayesian Statistical Approaches in Infectious Disease Data Analysis
No full textThis open access book is a comprehensive guide that delves into the statistical methodologies used in public health and infectious disease surveillance. It contrasts the foundational principles and methodologies of both Bayesian and Frequentist statistical approaches, providing a detailed exploration of how these methods are applied to the analysis and interpretation of infectious disease data. The book offers practical guidance on the application of these methods in real-life studies, both for surveillance and research purposes. It highlights the strengths and limitations of each approach and showcases how they can be effectively utilized in various scenarios. A set of R instructions and data examples to reproduce the analyses are provided. Among the topics covered are: Generalized Linear Models in Infectious Disease Analysis and Surveillance: Methods for Independent Data Machine Learning Models for Probabilistic Inference and Prediction Generalized Linear Models in Infectious Disease Analysis and Surveillance: Methods for Correlated Data Residuals and Overdispersion in Generalized Linear Models Interrupted Time Series Model in Infectious Disease Research and Surveillance Generalized Linear Models with Missing Data This topic is of particular importance to the field at this time due to the increasing need for accurate analysis and interpretation of infectious disease data, which is crucial for effective decision-making and policy formulation. Classical and Bayesian Statistical Approaches in Infectious Disease Data Analysis is primarily intended for public health professionals in local, national or international agencies; researchers and academics; students; and veterinary and one-health specialists. These readers would find this book valuable for its in-depth analysis, practical guidance, and the critical insights it provides into the application of statistical methods in the ever-evolving field of infectious disease surveillance
China's Chaplin
No full textHoaxes! Jokes! Farces and fun! China's Chaplin introduces the imagination of Xu Zhuodai (1880–1958), a comic dynamo who made Shanghai laugh through the tumultuous decades of the pre-Mao era. Xu was a popular and prolific literary humorist who styled himself variously as Master of the Broken Chamberpot Studio, Dr. Split-Crotch Pants, Dr. Hairy Li, and Old Man Soy Sauce. He was also an entrepreneur who founded gymnastics academies, theater troupes, film companies, magazines, and a home condiments business. While pursuing this varied career, Xu Zhuodai made a name for himself as a "Charlie Chaplin of the East." He wrote and acted in stage comedies and slapstick films, compiled joke books, penned humorous advice columns, dabbled in parodic verse, and wrote innumerable works of comic fiction. China's Chaplin contains a selection of Xu's best stories and stage plays (plus a smattering of jokes) that will answer the questions that keep you up at night. What is a father's duty when he and his son are courting the same prostitute? What ingenious method might save the world from economic crisis after a world war? Who is Shanghai's most outrageous grandmother? What is the best revenge against plagiarists, thieves, landlords, or spouses? And why should you never, never, never pull a hair from a horse's tail