NMH - Brage (Norges musikkhøgskole)
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Glimpses of joy. Music therapy with elderly people suffering from dementia and depression
No full textAvhandling (Ph.D.) - Norges musikkhøgskole, 2013The dissertation describes an empirical study in which six elderly people suffering from dementia have received short term music therapy. The sessions have been videotaped and standardized instruments have been applied in a Mixed Methods Research Design. Evaluation of change and distinctive features in the processes are focused.
The first chapter, the introduction, presents the main subject and the key notions Music therapy, Dementia, and State of mind. This is followed by a theory section where connections between memory, music, and dementia are elucidated from neuropsychological and cognitive psychological perspectives. After this, a literature survey is presented which contains a review and descriptions of research studies published from year 2000 within the areas music, dementia, and depression in addition to anxiety, behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and quality of life/wellbeing. The introduction closes off with the main research question: Can music therapy influence the state of mind among people with dementia who have symptoms of depression or depression and anxiety?
The subject in chapter two is methodology. The concepts of Mixed methods, Case study, and Single case design are elaborated. In addition to this, the framework for the collection of data is described, as well as qualitative and quantitative procedures.
Chapter three and four contain analyses and results. The most important findings in the quantitative investigation are statistically significant positive change in Anxiety and Quality of life after an average of 12 sessions for the group as a whole (p<0,05). The subcategory Anxiety is measured by the Neuropsychiatric lnventory NPI and Quality of life by the Alzheimer Related Quality of Life ADRQL. Within sessions there are statistically significant positive changes in the Dementia Mood Picture Test (DMPT) and between sessions in the subcategory Wandering in the "Døgnvariasjonsskjema" (form for 24 hours varieties in behavior). When the cases are considered individually, the results show that five out of six persons with dementia had a positive change in state of mind, demonstrated by reduced behavioral and psychological symptoms as well as an increase in quality of life after the music therapy period. A follow-up after three months shows an increase in symptoms and reduction in quality of life, but the levels are still better than before intervention for four of the five persons involved.
The most important results in the qualitative investigation are that the six cases either show an increase or an unchanged degree of attention, response to the music, expressions of emotions, and relational accessibility, both in the beginning and the end of the music therapy period, as well as in the beginning and end/midst of the sessions.
The changes observed in the video analyses are yet not significant. Even though the changes are small, the analysis shows generally high levels of participation. Results from the research methodology are thereby that changes are registered mainly by standardized instruments and not by video analysis. However video analyses are considered important to get information of what goes on in the music therapy sessions. Besides this, both types of methods are considered necessary for mutual corrective purposes and for giving a comprehensive picture of what is happening.
The final part of the thesis contains discussions of the results related to previous research in the field and also critique of the method. ln addition to this, transference to dementia care in general and the music therapy profession is considered. The study sticks out from other music and dementia studies by the application of both quantitative and qualitative methods, and that positive changes are registered in both aspects of mood symptoms and quality of life. Moreover, it is the first Ph.D. study in Norway that addresses individual music therapy with persons suffering from dementia.
The study utilizes a small sample and thus it cannot be generalized to the population of persons with dementia. However, it can be used for replication. In addition to this there is an argumentation for "analytical or theoretical" generalization. This means that results from a small sample are related to material from similar studies and to a theory which supports the results. In this study, one case event is repeated in five other parallel case events. The results are positive for five of the six cases. In addition, the results for the group as a whole show a reduction of symptoms and improved quality of life.
Combined with other research studies yielding positive results in the same areas of investigation, in addition to theory on the field, these give foundations for analytical generalizing. There is also the argument that music therapy yields special qualities concerning communication with people who have limitations in their language and memory abilities and therefore should have more influence in dementia care. For the music therapy profession, standardized instruments are recommended when evaluation of music therapy outcome is considered.
Based on the results yielded here, other research studies within the same area, theories in the fields of neuropsychology, and music psychology about connections between memory and music perception, the conclusion is that music therapy can have a strong impact on the state of mind for people suffering from dementia that have symptoms of depression and anxiety
Aural perspectives. On musical learning and practice in higher music education
Get PDFIn this anthology, five Norwegian and two Finnish music educators explore various aspects of aural skills awareness and musical aural training in higher music education. The first three articles focus on aural perspectives in a progressive line: from applicant, to student, to professional musician. The following three articles deal with learning strategies that may be helpful in acquiring and perfecting aural awareness and skills. Lastly, six selected sight-singing textbooks for choral singers are presented. Read together, this anthology provides insight into different aspects of the musical ear – as a phenomenon, as a discipline, and in function. - . - . -
Introduction. -
This anthology ends the GEFFF project at the Norwegian Academy of Music (NAM). GEFFF is an acronym for the Norwegian title, Det musikalske gehøret – som fenomen, fag og funksjon, “The Musical Ear, as a phenomenon, as a discipline, and in function. This refers to three key areas connected to Aural Training in higher music education: the psychological, the pedagogical and methodological, and how aural training is linked to the general development of musicianship in any study programme and music profession. The GEFFF project started in 2007, when six colleagues at NAM joined to create a professional team, with the intention to launch different research projects within the aural domain. Until recently, aural training teachers were mainly concerned with practical teaching and the development of methods and textbooks. The GEFFF team’s main aim was to establish aural domains as a research field, in order to understand, develop and give reasons for the practice. Working within the team turned out to be very fruitful and inspiring, as the members learned from and supported each other. This team functioned until autumn 2012, when the GEFFF project ended with a three day Nordic conference at NAM. In addition to Nordic delegates, there were participants from the USA, England, South-Africa, Austria, and Germany. All delegates contributed professionally at the conference. This anthology consists of contributions by three of the GEFFF members (AnneKatrine Bergby, Ingunn Fanavoll Øye, Inger Elise Reitan) and four other GEFFF Conference participants. The first three articles serve to frame the progression from applicant, through student, to professional musician, in relation to the aural field. The next three articles deal with learning strategies, in one way or another, and finally, a presentation of textbooks for choral aural training
Multiple former i Debussys La mer
Get PDFNorges musikkhøgskole. Masteroppgave. Anvendt musikkteoriDenne oppgaven er et forsøk på å beskrive formen i Debussys La Mer, så vel fra et analytisk som fra et estetisk ståsted - et forsøk på holde mellom hendene en musikk som er så rik og sanselig, så subtil og kompleks at den synes å glippe mellom fingrene så snart man forsøker. Wolfgang Dömling, Roy Howatt, Jean Barraqué og Simon Trezise regner jeg som mine primærkilder i dette masterarbeidet. De representerer til sammen en stor bredde i tilnærmingen til La Mer. Samtidig ble det tydelig for meg i min egen omgang med verket og disse tekstene at det var aspekter ved musikken som ikke var blitt kommentert, og som fortjente mer oppmerksomhet. Disse aspektene gikk på strukturelle detaljer, samtidig som de gikk på større konseptuelle måter å forstå formdannelsen på. Likeledes mente jeg at aspekter ved orkestreringen var blitt oversett, aspekter som ville vise seg å ha så vel en strukturerende som en formskapende funksjon. Disse aspektene kunne dermed være interessante, ikke bare fra et teoretisk/satsteknisk-ståsted, men også som et utgangspunkt for en videre diskusjon av Debussys estetikk.
Utover i arbeidet med masteroppgaven ble jeg også opptatt av skillet mellom en teknisk-reduksjonistisk partituranalyse, og en mer fenomenologisk, erfart konsepsjon av verket. Jeg ville betrakte den andre siden ved dette verket, forsøke å beskrive aspekter som ikke kan pekes på konkret i et notebilde, men som ikke desto mindre fremstår som fullt så virkelige. Tanken var at jeg da ville kunne favne verket bredere, og at en slik betraktning kunne stå som et supplement til formanalysen. Et aspekt ved Debussys musikk som alltid har fascinert meg, og som innbyr til en fenomenologisk betraktning er tidsopplevelsen, hvordan tiden moduleres på alle tenkbare måter i musikken. Tiden og dens relasjon til form i La Mer vokste derfor ut til eget kapittel, det første i den estetiske delen av denne oppgaven.
I det andre kapittelet av oppgavens estetiske del ønsket jeg å komme med et bidrag til den evige polemikken rundt isme-betegnelsen av Debussys estetikk; Impresjonist eller Symbolist? Her ville jeg knytte det hele sammen: Ved å trekke slutninger om Debussys estetikk på grunnlag av funn jeg hadde gjort i formanalysen og i kapittelet om tid, kunne jeg heve blikket til et høyere plan der også historiske/kunsthistoriske og idémessige faktorer kunne inngå i syntesen
Musical life stories : narratives on health musicking
Get PDFForeword: To music's health / Gary Andsdell. - Editor's preface. - Music, the life trajectory and existential health / Lars Lilliestam. - Life stories : lay musical practices among men and women with long-term sickness absence / Kari Bjerke Batt-Rawden. - A young woman's narrative on the role of mobile music in coping with everyday life / Marie Strand Skånland. - It just makes you feel really good : a narrative and reflection on the affordances of musical fandom across a life course / Jill Halstead. - Music, adolescents and health : narratives about how young people use music as a health resource in daily life / Hege Bjørnestøl Beckmann. - Is music really my best friend? : reflections of two maturing women on one's relationship with music / Katarina Skewes McFerran & Kelly Baird. - Then certain songs came : music listening in the grieving process after loosing a child / Torill Vist & Lars Ole Bonde. - Music, grief and life crisis / Even Ruud. - Musical performance as health promotion : a musician's narrative / Gro Trondalen. - Music therapy in everyday life, with 'the organ as the third therapist' / Randi Rolvsjord. - Less comfortably numb, more meaningfully occupied / Steve Hooper & Simon Procter. - Healing singing / Renate Gretsch. - Together! : RagnaRock, the band and their musical life story / Karette Stensæth & Tom Næss. - Evaluation of community music therapy : why is it a problem? / Stuart Wood. - The musical identities of Danish music therapy students : a study based on musical autobiograpies / Lars Ole Bonde. - Music and talk in tandem : the production of micro-narratives in real time / Tia DeNora. - Authors' personal narratives. - Author informationEditors’ Preface -
This anthology originates from one of the research initiatives of the Centre for Music and Health at the Norwegian Academy of Music. It has been a central aim of the centre, and of this project in particular, to make visible some of the ways in which music in general has become an important part of people’s everyday lives, especially with regard to how people use music to sustain or improve their sense of wellbeing and quality of life. Through this project, we tried to give voice to some of the stories we knew existed in our culture but had yet to be fully articulated or reflected upon. In formulating our project, which was first titled ‘Musical Life Stories: Music as Health Performance’, our colleague Karette Stensæth was incredibly helpful in shaping some of the research questions as well as handling our application for approval from the Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD). Our gratitude likewise extends to the project participants who gave their informed consent for us to tell their stories. We also want to thank all of the anthology authors who contributed to this collection of narratives. Research originating in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Australia and the UK seems to have confirmed our suppositions and has made this anthology a truly international—and, one might add, multi-sited—research project. A distinguished group of international referees also supplied the necessary constructive resistance to these articles, ensuring both their quality and their intersubjective relevance. Our thanks, then, go to Brian Abrams, Anne Balsnes, Alf Björnberg, Thomas Bossius, Rudy Garred, Simon Gilbertson, Carolyn Kenny, Viggo Krüger, Inge Nygaard Pedersen, Odd Skårberg, Hans Petter Solli, Hans Weisethaunet and Barbara Wheeler. We are also very thankful that Gary Ansdell was willing to introduce this anthology with his foreword. In addition, many of us for whom English is a second language could not have managed these contributions without the skillful and creative editing, revising and commenting of Nils Nadeau. Last, but not least, we want to thank the Norwegian Academy of Music, which hosts and supports the Centre for Music and Health. Lars Ole Bonde, Even Ruud, Marie Strand Skånland and Gro Trondalen
Oslo, June 201
Crossing borders. Perspectives on learning in a school musical project
Get PDFThis article focuses on in what ways learning arose and developed in a school musical project, what it was like, and how one can understand this activity in an educational context? The school musical project was put on in collaboration with the ninth form of a lower secondary school and the municipality’s leisure-time centre. The study was based on observations, interviews and focused group discussions. The participants’ social and artistic interactions, together with the common artefacts, joint commitment, and influences from both school and leisure activity had a major impact on the creation of a cross border-learning environment. Status and hierarchies among the pupils were renegotiated due to the impact of that new learning environment. The lower secondary school curriculum describes measurable knowledge in separate subjects, providing clear contents and strong classification as legitimate knowledge. The project had an optional nature, as it involved no marks, but was rather based on subject integration with a zone of unpredictability. Hence a dilemma occurred. The voluntary, interdisciplinary nature of the project, partly in contrast to a curriculum dominated by compulsory individual school subjects, could support an educational alternative that can challenge traditional model of teaching.2014-04-3
Hekta på musikk
Get PDF«Hekta på musikk» handler om musikkterapi med mennesker med rusutfordringer. Boka formidler brukernes erfaringer fra en musikkterapigruppe på en avgiftningsenhet ved Akershus Universitetssykehus. I tillegg til å gi innblikk i hvordan brukerne opplevde det å delta i musikkterapi, er boka ment som en inspirasjon til andre som ønsker å starte opp lignende tilbud. Boka består derfor av tre deler: 1. Teoretisk bakteppe for arbeidet; 2. Brukernes fortellinger; og 3. Metodiske tips til gjennomføring av musikkterapigrupper. «Hekta på musikk» er utgitt av Senter for musikk og helse (Norges musikkhøgskole) med økonomisk støtte fra Extrastiftelsen Helse og Rehabilitering, gjennom Mental Helse. Monika Overå er musikkterapeut. Hun startet opp og drev musikkterapitilbudet på avgiftningsenheten ved Akershus Universitetssykehus
Man blir liksom i et annet humør... : En intervjuundersøkelse med friske eldre om betydningen av deltakelse i en musikk- og bevegelsesgruppe
Get PDFNorges musikkhøgskole. Masteroppgave. MusikkterapiBased on a conducted practical program of music and movement in a residential- and activity center, I have done three focus group interviews with healthy elderly about the importance of participation in such programs. The following question was the starting point for the project: What impact can participation in a music- and movement group have for healthy elderly? Analysis of interview material resulted in three themes: a physical meaning, an emotional impact and social significance. These have been presented and discussed in the light of relevant theoretical perspectives and research on issues such as physical activity, health, arousal, dynamic forms of vitality, rhythmic synchronization, communication, etc. Then there has been done a final discussion in the context of a public health perspective. As a result, I believe that participation in a music- and movement group may be a possible effort to maintain and promote health in the elderly. There may be an activity offer that can contribute to positive experiences, the experience of being with others, bodily experiences both physically and emotionally, the experience of wellbeing and experience of participating in something that is meaningful and pleasurable. The purpose of my project is to provide a picture of the significance that music and movement can have for healthy elderly and to arouse curiosity and interest to follow the development of music therapy work in elderly care. Keywords: healthy elderly, music therapy, music- and movement groups, health, arousal, vitality, public healt
The changing concept of aesthetic experience in music education
Get PDFThe article’s goals are to contribute to the clarification of the term aesthetic experience used in the context of music education, and to discuss different interpretations of Kant in this context. As the musical aesthetic experience may be said to be at the core of music education, it should be of vital interest to music education research to clarify the term. Usage of this term in some Nordic literature confirms the impression of a strong influence by Anglo- American thinking at the expense of German ideas and discussions in the last decades. The article reveals how different understandings of the term in the Anglo-American and German fields, respectively, give rise even to contradictory statements concerning the meaning and implications of the term.2014-04-3
Music, the life trajectory and existential health
Get PDFIn terms of music’s influence upon our daily lives, it is important to account for musical identity, and especially musical preferences. When we give music a role in the promotion of our health, it is our music—the music we like, that we choose ourselves—that works most effectively. In the present text then, I will introduce the concept of musical habitus as a means of approaching the general phenomenon of musical taste and preferences. I will examine some popular notions regarding how music is appropriated in daily life via the results of a research project conducted at the University of Gothenburg by Thomas Bossius and myself titled Musik i Människors Liv, or Music in People’s Lives.1 I will not deal explicitly with health musicking in everyday life, with a few exceptions, but by presenting narratives from everyday acts of musicking, I hope to demonstrate the importance of considering sociological and ethnographic evidence when we discuss music in relation to health. Factors such as gender, age, class, and ethnicity, that is, may all have some relevance to the discussion of music’s healthful influence. I will conclude this text with a discussion of the notion of existential health and music
Music therapy in everyday life, with "the organ as the third therapist"
Get PDFMusic therapy in mental health care usually unfolds over a limited time and in a limited space, often through weekly sessions which last for a certain period during a person’s stay at an institution. Nevertheless, music therapy is inevitably situated in a broader social, cultural and political context, and to various degrees will the engagement in music therapy involve levels of interaction with other contexts in turn, such as the client’s everyday life context. In this text I will explore the interaction between music therapy and the use of music in everyday life contexts. The empirical basis for this exploration is interviews with a client and her music therapist. This is in turn linked to a multiple case study aiming towards more understanding of client’s agency in the process of music therapy, that is, what clients do to make music therapy work. The study is situated within a resourceoriented perspective of music therapy practice in mental health care, and combine theoretical perspectives from contextual models in psychotherapy and recovery. The text provides an individual narrative of how music therapy is intertwined with and a part of everyday life uses of music. The main focus will be the client’s agency in linking experiences and pursue goals across various contexts