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Current status of occupational stress and its influencing factors by profession at community general support centers
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to clarify the current status of occupational stress derived from the work environment of three types of professional staff (public health nurses etc, certified social workers, and chief care managers) in community general support centers, and to obtain suggestions for improvement through a comparative investigation of the various different questionnaire items. Three anonymous, self-administered survey forms were sent by post to 1,134 centers (378 directly managed public centers and 756 commissioned centers). The number of valid responses was 1,611 (47.4%). The results of the survey clarified the following points: (1) Work stress increased with higher intensity and experience rate of stressors with quantitative and systemic causes. Certified social workers had the lowest total score for workplace stress of the three professions. (2) Certified social workers scored higher in all items of work motivation than the other two professions. (3) The items affecting the level of workplace stress were clarified for each profession. (4) No major differences were found between the professions with respect to the care system. For workplace stress, quantitative and systemic factors were major common factors, suggesting that the work of these three professions will continue to be affected by future revisions to the long-term care insurance system. This is an unavoidable situation that individual professionals cannot control through their own endeavors. Such workplace stress cannot be readily improved or reduced
F.W.Parker's Theory of Moral Education
Get PDFThe main purpose of this paper is to examine F.W.Parker's theory of moral education from the viewpoint of basic theory, content theory, and methodology. In the basic theory, Parker says that all education is, in itself, intrinsically moral. Secondly, education consists wholly and entirely in the cultivation of the altruistic motive. Thirdly, in Parker, separation of intellectual and moral power in education is not permitted. Regarding content theory, I discussed the morality of history, civics, drawing and nature study. And the position that the special teaching is not necessary was the fundamental attitude of Parker. Regarding methodology, Parker emphasized the introduction of the direct method, kindergarten method and work. Parker's theory of moral education was special attention taken in the United States in the latter half of 19th century
Acceleration propagation through the body after landing
Get PDF身体のどの部分が衝撃吸収に貢献しているのかを明らかにし、同時に、どの部分の負担が大きいのかを解明するため、衝撃による加速度が全身をどのように伝搬するのかを加速度の大きさおよび各成分によって分析した。被験者は健常成人6 名（女性2 名および男性4 名）とした。計測動作は高さ20cmの台からの飛び降り動作とし、計測機器は赤外線カメラ15台を含む三次元動作解析装置と床反力計4 台を用いた。つま先から頭部における12カ所の加速度最大値を算出した。その結果、着地時に生じた加速度の足部から頭部にかけての伝搬において、加速度は有意に減少（p<0.01） した。各部の加速度を見ると、膝関節では大きな加速度が生じていた。膝関節以下においては、特に前後方向および上方向への大きい加速度が生じており、これは膝関節にて衝撃を吸収するための関節運動が大きく関与していると考えた。今後の課題として、関節運動と衝撃の関係を言及するためには、体節間浸透力、関節モーメントや各関節周りの仕事率・仕事といった力学的エネルギーによる評価も必要である。With the aim of contributing to the prevention of injury-related disabilities by elucidating the mechanism of impact absorption in the body, we analyzed the size and components of the acceleration vector to clarify how impact acceleration is transmitted throughout the body. Six healthy adults（ 2 females and 4 males） performed a landing from a platform with a height of 20 cm to record their movements using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system, including 15 infrared cameras, and 4 floor reaction force plates. The maximum acceleration was calculated at 12 points from the tiptoe to the head. The level of acceleration produced on landing and transmitted from the foot to the head tended to significantly and simply decrease （p<0.01）. On comparing the acceleration level among different regions, it did not markedly vary between the knee joint and distal part of the knee, excluding the lower leg, while there were significant differences between the former and the upper leg. This was considered to represent changes in acceleration transmission or impact at the upper leg as a boundary. Furthermore, the marked acceleration observed in the anteroposterior and cephalad directions in regions more distal than the knee indicated a close association of joint movements to absorb impact at the knee joint. As a future challenge, it may be necessary to examine the relationship between joint movements and impact from the perspective of mechanical energy, such as measuring the joint penetration force, joint moments, and power/work involving each joint
Administration of constituent amino acids of type I collagen stimulates collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice.
Get PDF関節リウマチを含む関節炎の症状改善を目的にコラーゲンペプチドが用いられているが、その有効性については未だ明確にされていない。消化されたコラーゲンペプチドの一部はペプチド態のまま血中に移行することから、本研究では、コラーゲン誘導性関節炎モデルであるDBA/1J マウスにニワトリI 型コラーゲン由来のコラーゲンペプチドあるいはそれと同組成のアミノ酸を摂取させて比較検討することにより、ペプチド態としてのコラーゲンペプチドの有効性を検討した。1日あたり100 mg のI 型コラーゲンペプチドあるいはそれと同じ組成のアミノ酸を経口投与することにより、関節での炎症がより強く生じた。関節炎スコア評価ではコラーゲンペプチドの関節炎軽減作用はみられず、関節軟骨におけるマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ3（MMP3）遺伝子発現量の比較でもコラーゲンペプチド投与による有意な変化はみられなかった。一方、アミノ酸投与群では比較的早期から関節炎を発症した上に、マトリックス分解酵素であるMMP13 の発現量が有意に増加しており、コラーゲンペプチドと同組成のアミノ酸の投与により重症化する可能性が示唆された。I 型コラーゲンペプチド配合の健康食品は多く販売されているが、場合によってはその摂取が逆効果となる可能性があり、注意が必要であるものと考えられる。Supplementation of gelatin or collagen peptides has been used to reduce the symptoms of inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis, but the efficacy remains uncertain. It is known that ingested collagen peptides are absorbed partly in the form of bioactive peptides. In the present study, we investigated whether the effects of collagen peptide on inflammatory arthritis are due to its bioactive peptide in comparison with its constituent amino acids using DBA/1J mice. Unexpectedly, administration of daily 100 mg of collagen peptide derived from chicken type I collagen (i.e., collagen peptide group) or its constituent amino acids (i.e., amino acid group) rather stimulated collagen-induced arthritis in the DBA/1J mice. No significant difference was observed between amino acid and collagen peptide groups regarding either arthritis score or gene expression of matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3), a marker of synovial inflammation. Further, mice in the amino acid group developed arthritis relatively early stage and showed significantly higher expression of MMP13 as compared to those in other group mice, indicating administration of collagen-constituent amino acids possibly promoted the onset of arthritis inflammation in the DBA/1J mice. Many supplements contain gelatin or collagen peptide derived from type I collagen. These results raise a possibility that type I collagen peptide or its constituent amino acid may worsen inflammatory arthritis under some conditions