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A study on the life of Fusa Asaka
Get PDF浅賀ふさは、日本における医療ソーシャルワーカーの先駆けとして、今日に至るまで広くその業績が認められ、日本社会福祉史に残る人物のひとりである。本稿では、社会福祉学における人物研究として、浅賀ふさの生涯を紐解くことを第一の目的とした。併せて、浅賀の生き方を研究することにより、それを将来の福祉人材確保の一助とすることを目指した。研究のなかでは、ひとつの材料として、彼女を取り上げたDVD作品である「Women Pioneers－女性先駆者たち7 浅賀ふさと医療社会事業」を用いた。そこでは、これまでの浅賀ふさに関する研究では明らかにされることのなかった、彼女が渡米中に現地の婦人参政権獲得運動とその成果を目の当たりにしたというエピソードや、国際婦人年を受けてわが国の家庭内の子育てにおける男女同権（同位）意識の弱さを問題視する発言等があり、新たな史実が発見された。また、浅賀ふさの生き方は、社会福祉に関心をもつきっかけは一様ではないことを示しており、このような生き方を明らかにすることは、将来の福祉人材確保にも活かせるものであるといえる。As a pioneering medical social worker in Japan, Fusa Asaka is widely recognized even today for her achievements. She is a figure who will always have a place in the history of Japanese social welfare. The first purpose of this paper is to examine the life of Fusa Asaka, as research within social welfare studies on a prominent figure in the field. Another aim is to study how Asaka lived, and use that as an aid to securing future human resources in the welfare field.“Women Pioneers 7: Fusa Asaka and Medical Social Work,” a DVD focusing on Fusa Asaka, was used as one resource for this research. New historical facts were discovered in this material, such as remarks on the International Women’s Year, which had not been uncovered in previous research on Fusa Asaka. Also, Fusa Asaka’s way of life shows that the motivations which inspire an interest in social welfare are not uniform, and elucidating this way of life can be useful for securing future human resources in the welfare field
Dietary intake in Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes: 2-year follow up study
Get PDF【目的】食事療法は2型糖尿病患者の自己管理に必須であるが、その経年的な実践状況についての検討は不足している。そこで本研究では、2型糖尿病患者における2年間の食事摂取状況の実態把握を行った。【方法】外来に通院する2型糖尿病患者60名 (平均年齢：66.8歳, 男性比率：65.0%) について、食物摂取頻度調査法を用い2014年とその2年後に把握した食品群・栄養素摂取状況を経年的に比較した。【結果】対象者の調査開始時の平均値は、罹病期間：10.2 ± 6.6 年，HbA1c：7.4 ± 1.1 %，BMI（Body Mass Index）：23.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2 であった。2年後は、BMI や血糖、血中脂質に有意差はみられず、収縮期血圧のみ調査開始時より高値であった(137.3 ± 13.6 vs. 132.8 ± 14.7 mmHg, p=0.031)。食事摂取状況は、2年間でエネルギー摂取量に有意差はみられなかったが、脂質エネルギー比が増加し(25.8 ± 5.3 vs. 27.3 ± 6.2 %, p= 0.030)、食物繊維摂取量が低下した(13.8 ± 4.6 vs.12.5 ± 3.6 g, p= 0.030)。食品群別では、野菜総量は摂取量が低下し(280 ± 132 vs. 229 ± 114 g, p=0.004)、肉類摂取量が増加した(45 ± 31 vs. 57 ± 48 g, p= 0.029)。調査開始時のHbA1c 値とBMI による層別解析では、HbA1c＜7%群で食物繊維と野菜類の総量摂取量が2年後に低値となり(p=0.048, 0.001)、HbA1c≧7%群で脂質摂取量が高値であるが( p= 0.042)、脂質エネルギー比でみると有意差は認められなかった。BMI 25kg/m2 未満群では、脂質エネルギー比が2年間で増加し(p= 0.043)、食物繊維と野菜類の総量摂取量が低下し(p= 0.003, 0.003)、乳類の摂取量が増加した(p= 0.022)。BMI 25kg/m2 以上群は、エネルギーや三大栄養素摂取に有意差は認められず、食品群別で、緑黄色野菜のみ2 年後の摂取量が低値となった(p= 0.008)。【結論】外来2型糖尿病患者の2年間の食事摂取状況の変化が明らかとなった。糖尿病療養状況を考慮した、各患者の食事摂取状況の経時的な把握を行う必要性が示唆された。Objective: The dietary intake across the ages of patients with type 2 diabetes is sparse though nutritional therapy is essential for self-managing for diabetes. We aimed to clarify 2-year dietary intake among Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes from a community hospital-based registry. Methods: This study was analyzed in 60 patients with type 2 diabetes (Men%:65.0%, Age: 66.8y, BMI: 23.6kg/m2, HbA1c:7.4%) using the food frequency questionnaire based on food groups using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: BMI, HbA1c, and serum lipid revels did not show significant difference over 2 years. Systolic blood pressure level in 2 years was significantly high than the value of baseline (137.3±13.6 vs. 132.8±14.7mmHg, p= 0.031). There was no significant difference in mean energy intake and proportions of protein and carbohydrate comprising total energy intake over 2 years. The proportion of fat intake increased (25.8±5.3 vs. 27.3±6.2%, p=0.030) and the fiber intake decreased in the 2 years (13.8±4.6 vs. 12.5±3.6g, p=0.030). As a dietary intake by food groups, vegetable intake was decreased (280±132 vs. 229±114g, p=0.004) and meat intake increased (45±31 vs. 57±48g, p= 0.029) in the 2 years. In addition, among patients who had HbA1c <7%, the intake of fiber and vegetable intakes in 2 years decreased compared with those at baseline (p= 0.048, 0.001), and patients with HbA1c ≥7% had higher fat intake value in 2 years than that of baseline (p= 0.043), though the proportion of fat intake did not show significant difference over 2 years. According to BMI, patients without overweight (BMI< 25kg/m2)raised the proportion of fat intake and milk/milk products intakes (p= 0.043 and 0.022, respectively) and reduced fiber and vegetable intakes (p= 0.003 and 0.003, respectively) in 2 years. The patients with overweight show higher green vegetable intake in 2 years, but the intakes of other nutrients and food group did not significantly changed. Conclusion: Our study clarified the characteristics and change of dietary intake of Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes and considering the treatment status would be useful for understanding each dietary intake of each patients with type 2 diabetes
Relationship between family support and nutrient intake status in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Get PDF【目的】通院中の2型糖尿病外来患者を対象に、情動的サポート、行動的サポート、また情報的サポートに着目し、家族による支援の有無別に栄養素等摂取状況の検討を行った。【方法】2016年3月～8月、新潟市Ｂ病院の2型糖尿病外来患者42名（年齢中央値68.0歳、男性比率66.7％）を対象に実施した、自記式質問紙調査及び食物摂取頻度調査データを用いた（有効回答率70.0％）。質問紙調査より得た、家族による支援の有無によって対象者を2群に区分した。食物摂取頻度調査より得たデータを用いて、2群のエネルギー及び栄養素等摂取量、食品群別摂取量（密度法によって調整）についてMann-Whitney のU
検定を用いて検討した。【結果】「食事療法を守っていることをほめる」の問いでは、支援あり7名（16.7％）、支援なし35名（83.3％）であった。2群の1000kcal あたりの栄養素等・食品群別摂取量で差がみられた項目はなかった。「同じ時間に食事をする」の問いでは、支援あり32名（76.2％）、支援なし10名（23.8％）であった。支援ありの者で相対的に、たんぱく質（p＝0.045）、豆類（p＝0.022）摂取量が多く、菓子類（p＝0.020）、油脂類（p＝0.039）の摂取量が少なかった。「家族の糖尿病の知識の有無」では、知識ありの者で油脂類のみ摂取量が相対的に多かった（p＝0.013）。また、「家族の食事療法の知識の有無」では、知識ありの者で嗜好飲料のみ摂取量が相対的に多かった（p＝0.028）。【結論】2 型糖尿病外来患者が受ける家族による支援として、「ほめる」という情動的サポートや疾患や食事療法の知識という情報的サポートに比べ、「同じ時間に食事をする」という家族の存在、家族の行動的サポートが栄養素等摂取状況に関連することが示唆された。Objective: To investigate the relationship between family support, specifically emotional, practical, and informational support, and nutrient intake status in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients.
Methods: We distributed a self-report questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire to 42 outpatients with type 2 DM (median age: 68.0 years; men: 66.7%) from a community hospital-based registry in Niigata City between March to August 2016. From the self-report questionnaire, the patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received family support or not. Energy and nutrient intake and intake by food groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test between the two groups.Results: Regarding the item “Praise for complying with medical nutritional therapy,” 7 patients (16.7%) were praised and 35 patients (83.3%) were not. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake or intake by food group between these two groups. For the item “family eating at the same time,” 32 patients (76.2%) responded that they had family meals together versus 10 patients (23.8%) who did not. Regarding energy and nutrient intake and intake by food group, families who ate together had meals with significantly higher protein (p= 0.045) and beans (p= 0.022) content with less confectionary (p= 0.010) and oil and fat (p= 0.039) content compared with families who did not eat together. Fat and oil intake was significantly higher among families with knowledge of DM and intake of beverage was higher among families with knowledge of dietary treatment than among families without such knowledge. Conclusion: For family support, our findings suggested that practical support such as eating at same time was more strongly related to nutrient intake among type 2 DM patients in comparison with emotional support such as praising patients
How Do Exporters Respond to Exogenous Shocks: Evidence from Japanese Firm-Level Data
Get PDFThis study investigates how exporters respond to an exogenous shock, using the 2012 customer boycott of Japanese products in China that occurred after political conflict over the islands in the East China Sea. By using Japanese firm-level data for 2011-2013 and employing the difference-in-differences method, we conduct an assessment of the boycott. We find that Japanese firms faced a large decrease in exports to China after the 2012 boycott and that the decrease in exports was more pronounced for arm's length exports than intra-firm exports. In addition, the estimation results provide evidence that Japanese firms exporting to China responded to the exogenous trade shock by reducing their number of temporary workers. This finding suggests that trade shocks due to international conflict hit the most insecure workers