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Results of agricultural testimony of 1927
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Ana Bilim DalıBu tez çalışması, 1927 senesinde Türkiye'de gerçekleştirilen Zirai Tahrir sonuçlarını analiz etmektedir. Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra tarım sektöründe yaşanan değişimler ve bu değişimlerin ekonomiye olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, 1927 Zirai Tahrir verilerini kullanarak Türkiye'nin tarımsal üretim yapısını, üretim miktarlarını, kullanılan tarım tekniklerini ve çiftçilerin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarını detaylı bir şekilde ortaya koymaktır. 1927 Zirai Tahriri, Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk kapsamlı tarım sayımı olması sebebiyle büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, tarım sektöründeki değişimlerin ve gelişmelerin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayarak, bu dönemde alınan tarımsal politikaların etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, öncelikle 1927 Zirai Tahriri'nin tarihsel bağlamını ele almakta ve bu tahririn nasıl ve neden gerçekleştirildiğini açıklamaktadır. Ardından, tahrir sonuçları detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilmekte ve bu sonuçların tarım sektörü üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda, 1927 Zirai Tahriri'nin Türkiye tarım politikaları ve ekonomik gelişimi üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkileri değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, tarım üretim miktarları, kullanılan tarım teknikleri, çiftçilerin sosyo-ekonomik durumu ve tarım sektörü ile ilgili diğer önemli veriler incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, 1927 Zirai Tahriri'nin tarım sektöründeki dönüşümü anlamak için önemli bir kaynak olduğunu ve bu verilerin günümüz tarım politikalarının şekillendirilmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. 1927 yılına ait tarım verileri, Cumhuriyet dönemi Türkiye'sinin ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını anlamak için kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle, çalışma sadece tarihsel bir analiz sunmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda tarım politikaları ve uygulamaları için de güncel bir rehber niteliği taşımaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tarım Sektörü, 1927 Zirai Tahriri, TürkiyeThis thesis analyzes the results of the Agricultural Testimony conducted in Turkey in 1927. It examines the changes in the agricultural sector following the declaration of the Republic and the economic impacts of these changes. The aim of the study is to utilize the data from the 1927 Agricultural Testimony to comprehensively present Turkey's agricultural production structure, production quantities, agricultural techniques used, and the socio-economic status of farmers. The 1927 Agricultural Testimony holds significant importance as it represents the first comprehensive agricultural survey in the history of the Republic. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the changes and developments in the agricultural sector by evaluating the effects of agricultural policies implemented during this period. The thesis first addresses the historical context of the 1927 Agricultural Testimony, explaining how and why it was conducted. Subsequently, the results of the census are analyzed in detail, and the impacts of these results on the agricultural sector are discussed. In the conclusion, the long-term effects of the 1927 Agricultural Testimony on Turkish agricultural policies and economic development are evaluated. The study examines and assesses agricultural production quantities, agricultural techniques used, the socio-economic status of farmers, and other important data related to the agricultural sector. The findings of the study demonstrate that the 1927 Agricultural Testimony is a crucial resource for understanding the transformation in the agricultural sector, and that these data can be used to shape current agricultural policies. The agricultural data from 1927 are critical for understanding the economic and social structure of the Republic-era Turkey. Therefore, the study not only provides a historical analysis but also serves as a contemporary guide for agricultural policies and practices. Keywords: Agricultural Sector, 1927 Agricultural Testimony, Turkey
Investigation of chemical change in water quality and spatial modeling with GIS mapping: A case study from Beşgöz Lake in Konya Province of Türkiye
Get PDFIn this study, Beşgöz lake in Sarayönü district of Konya province, located in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye, was chosen as the study area. Rehabilitation work was carried out in 2020 with the resources of the State Hydraulic Works. The average depth of Beşgöz Lake was increased from 4 m to 8.5 m, and its surface area was increased from 86.000 m2 to 230.000 m2. Beşgöz Lake, located in Sarayönü district, provides water from underground sources at the bottom of the lake. These underground sources come from the gaps in the limestone in the lower parts of the lake. When looking at the geological map, it is thought that there is a connection between Beyşehir Lake and Beşgöz Lake because the land has a calcareous structure. The changes in the water quality parameters of Beşgöz Lake in different periods were examined and spatially modeled using spline interpolation techniques with Arc GIS 10.3.1 program, one of the Geography Information Systems (GIS) software. In order to determine some water quality parameters of Beşgöz Lake, water samples were taken from eight different points representing the lake in 4 different periods (Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter). Seasonally in the water of Beşgöz Lake, water quality parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature, Chloride (Cl), Nitrite (NO2), Nitrate (NO3), Sulphate (SO4) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids (TSS), Boron (B) were investigated. As a result of the research, it was found that pH values varied between 7.77–8.42, EC: 268–470 µS/cm, water temperature varied between 6.8–20 °C, Cl varied between 0.139 - 3.9 mg/L, NO2 varied between < 0 00–0.33 mg/L, NO3 varied between < 0.00 - 4.13 mg/L, SO4 varied between 0.057 ? 18.4 mg/L, COD varied between 5–32, TSS: 0.60 - 31.8 and B varied between 0.05–0.093 mg/L. As a result of the study, it was seen that the water quality of Beşgöz Lake, which is the subject of the research, is class I and potable water quality. © 2024 The Author(s)Selcuk University, (19401026
Impact of CdSeTe and CdSe film deposition parameter on the properties of CdSeTe/CdTe absorber structure for solar cell applications
Get PDFIn this study, the effect of depositing CdSeTe and CdTe layers at different substrate temperatures (STs) by evaporation in vacuum on the properties of the CdSeTe/CdTe stacks was investigated. First, CdSeTe layers in stack structure were grown at STs of 150 degrees C, 200 degrees C and 250 degrees C and then CdTe layers on the CdSeTe produced with the optimum temperature were coated at STs of 150 degrees C, 200 degrees C and 250 degrees C. The employing of STs up to 150 degrees C on both CdSeTe and CdTe films in CdSeTe/CdTe stacks demonstrated the presence of Te and/or oxide phases as well as the alloying, while more stable phase structures at higher temperatures. In the CdSeTe/CdTe stack, the increase in ST of CdSeTe promoted the alloying, while it weakened the alloy in which was applied in CdTe. It was concluded that under the applied experimental conditions, STs of 250 degrees C and 200 degrees C with the graded alloying structure, suitable absorption sites, more homogeneous surface morphology for potential solar cell applications would be more suitable for CdSeTe and CdTe, respectively. As a result, the application of ST to CdSeTe or CdTe in the stacks can be used as a tool to control the properties of the stack structure
Turkey-Russia relations (1918-1923)
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim DalıTürk-Sovyet ilişkilerinin kendine has özellikleri vardı. Asıl olanı Birinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra Osmanlı İmparatorluğu fiilen varlığının sona erdirmekteydi. Rus Çarlığının yerine gelen yeni devrimci hükümeti, Türkiye dâhil Asya devletleriyle dostane ilişkiler kurmaya çalışmaktaydı. 30 Ekim 1918 Mondros Mütarekesi ve 10 Ağustos 1920 Sevr Antlaşmasından Osmanlı toprakları İtilaf Devletleri tarafından işgal edilmişti. Bu koşullar altında General Mustafa Kemal Paşa liderliğindeki yeni Türk hükümeti, ulusal bağımsızlık için mücadele etme hedefini belirlemişti. 1917 Ekim devriminden sonra Sovyet Hükümetine bağlı Kızılorduya karşıtlarının Beyazordusu arasında iç savaşı başlamıştı. İtilaflar Beyazlara maddi, silah ve asker yardımında bulunarak Rusya'nın iç savaşına müdahale etmekteydi. İtlaf Devletlerinin düşmanlığı iki hükümeti bir araya getirmişti. RSFSR hükümetinin Anadolu'daki Millî Mücadeleyi destekleyerek birinciden, "Barış kararnamesi, Çalışan ve Sömürülen Halkların hakları deklarasyonu" ilan ederek, Türk İslam Devletleri ve Asya'daki Müslümanlarına Bolşevizm'i yayabilmeyi maksat etmişti. İkinciden, Sovyet Hükümeti Türkiye'ni ekonomik çıkarlarından yararlanmak. Üçüncüden, Güney Kafkasya'da (Azerbaycan, Ermenistan ve Gürcistan) Sovyet iktidarlarının kurulması planı. Böylece Ruslar tarafından TBMM hükümetine yardım sağlamanın diplomatik mantıksal anlamları vardı. Sovyet dış politikası, bir yandan dünya devrimine doğru bir yönü tutmak, diğer yandan ise yeni ortaya çıkan sistemin varlığının devamı sağlanmasına yönelikti. TBMM hükümeti açısından, Ankara hükümeti dışarıdan destek alma ihtiyacını duymaktaydı. Ankara hükümeti bir yandan Millî Mücadele için maddi, askerî teçhizat ve silah mühimmatları desteği istemektedir, diğer yandan da diplomatik desteğe ihtiyacı vardı. TBMM hükümeti ile RSFSC hükümeti arasında 26 Şubat 1921'de Moskova'da başlayan müzakereler, 16 Marta 1921'de "dostluk ve kardeşlik" üzerine bir anlaşma imzalanması ile sona ermişti. İki hükümet arasında yapılan anlaşma, yüzyıllardır devam eden Türkiye ve Rusya arasındaki Kafkasya sorunlarının çözümünü bulmaktaydı.Turkish-Soviet relations had their own characteristics. The main thing is that after the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was practically ending its existence. The new revolutionary government that replaced the Russian Tsardom was trying to establish friendly relations with Asian states, including Türkiye. Ottoman lands were occupied by the Allied Powers following the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918 and the Treaty of Sevres on 10 August 1920. Under these conditions, the new Turkish government, led by General Mustafa Kemal Pasha, set the goal of fighting for national independence. After the October revolution of 1917, a civil war broke out between the White Army and the opponents of the Red Army, affiliated with the Soviet government. The Allies were intervening in Russia's civil war by providing material, weapon and military aid to the Whites. The hostility of the Allied Powers brought the two governments together. By supporting the War of Independence in Anatolia, the RSFSR government firstly aimed to spread Bolshevism to the Turkish-Islamic States and Muslims in Asia by declaring the "Peace Decree, Declaration of the Rights of Working and Exploited Peoples". Secondly, to benefit from the Soviet government's economic interests in Turkey. Thirdly, the plan to establish Soviet governments in the South Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia). Thus, providing assistance to the Turkish Grand National Assembly government by the Russians had diplomatic logical implications. Soviet foreign policy was aimed, on the one hand, at maintaining a direction towards world revolution (), and on the other hand, at ensuring the continued existence of the newly emerging system. From the perspective of the Turkish Grand National Assembly government, the Ankara government felt the need to get external support. On the one hand, the Ankara government wanted material, military equipment and ammunition support for the War of Independence, and on the other hand, it needed diplomatic support. Negotiations that started between the Turkish Grand National Assembly government and the RSFSR government in Moscow on February 26, 1921, ended with the signing of an agreement on "friendship and brotherhood" on March 16, 1921. The agreement made between the two governments found a solution to the Caucasus problems between Türkiye and Russia that had been going on for centuries
Long-term properties of steel fiber reinforced silica fume based AAMs at ambient and high temperatures
Get PDFIn this study, the influences of Class C fly ash (FA), steel fiber (STF) and high temperature are researched on the mechanical and microstructural properties of STF reinforced silica fume (SF) based alkali activated mortars (AAMs) cured at the ambient (25 degrees C) temperature. The STF reinforced SF based AAMs are produced with 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% Class C FA by weight in place of SF, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% STF by volume, liquid sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The apparent density (rho(a)), ultrasonic pulse velocity (U-pv), flexural strength (f(fs)) and compressive strength (f(c)) results of the STF reinforced control mortars (CMs) and SF based AAMs subjected to the ambient and elevated temperatures are investigated. The microstructural investigations are conducted with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX). Moreover, color changes, pores and interfacial transition zones (ITZs) in samples exposed to the ambient and high temperatures are examined by a stereoscopic microscope (SM). The results have shown that the high strengths can be obtained from STF reinforced SF based AAMs at ambient temperature (25 degrees C) and the optimum Class C FA and STF contents are 15% and 1%. Additionally, when STF reinforced SF based AAMs are exposed to high temperatures (especially 750 degrees C and 1000 degrees C), a serious decrease in the mechanical properties is observed due to the formation of a porous and spongy structure in the matrix and the STFs completely oxidizing and losing their properties.Nigde Omer Halisdemir University [MMT2023/9-BAGEP]The present study is supported by Nigde Omer Halisdemir University project Effect of fly ash on the properties of alkali activated silica fume mortars, project code MMT2023/9-BAGEP
Comparison of the effects of 0.05% topical cyclosporine A versus 0.1% topical cyclosporine A on recurrence and clinical parameters following pterygium surgery
Get PDFBackground/aim: To compare the efficacy of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) and 0.1% topical cyclosporine A (CsA) over a 6-month period following pterygium surgery, specifically evaluating their effects on postoperative recurrence and clinical parameters. Material and methods: This clinical study enrolled 245 patients with pterygium who underwent surgery using the conjunctival autograft technique with mitomycin C (MMC) were enrolled. Participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 (0.05% CsA) (n = 80), Group 2 (0.1% CsA) (n = 80), and a control group (n = 85). They were examined at postoperative first day, first week, first month and sixth month. The examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), presence of inflammation, and ptergium recurrence, all of which were compared across the groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.22 +/- 9.39 years, with 53.3% male and 46.7% female. The three groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and pterygium size. Inflammation in surgical area significantly regressed in all groups at 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Inflammation in the first and sixth months was not different between the groups (p = 0.118, p = 0.580, and p = 0.435, respectively). The recurrence rate was not different between groups (p = 0.890). There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding IOP (p = 0.818). A significant increase in BCVA after surgery was observed in three groups compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that there was no difference between the efficacy of 6 month topical 0.05% CsA and 0.1% CsA application after pterygium surgery with the conjunctival autograft technique with MMC on postoperative outcomes. Including postoperative recurrence, IOP changes, BCVA changes and surgical area inflammation
The role of the hafiz tradition in the development process of Turkish music
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Müzikoloji Ana Bilim DalıTürk müziği Türklerin İslamiyet'i kabul etmelerinden sonra büyük değişimler göstermiş sanat müziği ve halk müziğinin yanı sıra dinî musiki formunda da müzik üretimleri yapılmıştır. Gerek icra, bestecilik ve nazariyatta gerekse musikinin içeriğine yansıyan incelikli bir sanat anlayışıyla bu üretimler arasında hafızlık geleneğinin önemi her dönem vurgulanmıştır. Hafızlığın Türk müziğinin gelişiminde ne denli etkili olduğu ve hatta musikişinaslar arasında zikredilen "Türk müziği hafızların sırtında gelişmiştir'' sözü bu konunun önemini ziyadesiyle vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada hafızlık geleneğinin Türk müziğinin gelişimine ne gibi katkılar sağladığı, kimlerin bu konuda öne çıktığı betimsel tarama yöntemiyle tespit edilip anlatılmıştır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde hafızlığın muhtevasından ve tarihçesinden bahsedilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise müziğin İslam tarihindeki yerine ve gelişimine değinilmiştir. İslam'ın müziğe bakış açısı Kur'an ve hadis kaynaklarından yararlanılarak yorumlanmıştır. Son bölümde Türk müziğinde önem arz eden beş hafız musikişinas hakkında çalışmalar yapılmış, bu musikişinasların meşk geleneğindeki rolleri ve bu geleneğe katkıları ortaya konmuştur.As it is known, Turkish music showed great changes after the Turks accepted Islam, and it was formed in the form of religious music as well as art music and folk music. The fact that the tradition of hafiz was influential in the development of Turkish music, and even among musicians, the phrase "Turkish music developed on the backs of hafiz" emphasizes the importance of this issue. In this study, the contributions of the tradition of hafiz to the development of Turkish music were determined and explained as a result of the literature review. In the first part of the study, the content and history of memorization are mentioned. In the second part, the place and development of music in the history of Islam is mentioned. It is stated in the study by interpreting Islam's perspective on music by making use of the Qur'anic hadith sources. In our last section, literature studies about five famous hafız musicians who are famous in Turkish music, how they took place in Turkish music with meşk tradition, their contributions and importance were examined and analyzed. In the light of these hafiz, the effects of hafiz tradition on Turkish music have been stated and the result has been reached
DTI Measurements for Huntington Disease Using Mricloud
Get PDFAim: Neurodegenerative diseases are important health problems that affect many people. In this study, it was aimed to examine the brain regions of Huntington's patients by performing brain parcellation. Material and Method: 8 controls and 8 Huntington's patients participated in the study. We measured four Diffusion Tensor Imaging metrics which were axial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity and fractional anisotropy performing brain parcellation over Diffusion Tensor Imaging for control and patient groups. We used a full automated data-driven approach to study the whole brain, divided in regions of interest using mricloud. Results: When the huntington disease group compared to control group, We found that mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity increased frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, corpus callosum, white matter, limbic and subcortical structures, and radial diffusivity increased corpus callosum, capsula interna (p<0.05). The fractional anisotropy value was higher in nucleus caudatus, putamen and a significant difference was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The increase of axial diffusivity and mean diffusivity values axonal degeneration and demyelination of frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, corpus callosum, white matter, limbic, subcortical structures; increased radial diffusivity values dysmyelination of the corpus callosum and capsula interna; fractional anisotropy increased values in nucleus caudatus and putamen may indicate a degenerative process, axon loss and inflammation
Green DES based microextraction method for monitoring brilliant black BN (E151) in diverse food matrices
Get PDFA green deep eutectic solvent (DES) based microextraction method was established for separation and spectrophotometric determination of E151 in food matrices. DES composed of tetra pentyl ammonium bromide and 1-octanol (1:5) was used. Important analytical microextraction parameters including pH, volume of DES and time of vortex mixing were optimized using Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology. The other variables including composition ratio of DES and sample volume were optimized by one variable at a time optimization process. The method exhibited linear behaviour for E151 having concentration range between 132-12000 mu g/L with 30 preconcentration factor. The relative standard deviation, detection limit and quantitation limit were determined to be 5 %, 40 and 132 mu g/L, respectively. The scores of analytical greenness and applicability for the method were determined to be 0.69 and 62.5, respectively. pK values of E151 were determined. Extraction mechanisms of E151 were elucidated. The method was applied to foodstuffs and water samples to determine their E151 contents by analyte addition recovery tests with recovery values ranging between 94-103 %
Hip-related functional limitations in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis: a controlled trial
Get PDFBackground Since scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity, it causes some movement limitations in the spine and related joints. However, functional limitations associated with scoliosis-related hip joint involvement are the subject of research. Aims This study aims to investigate the physical characteristics and functional limitations associated with idiopathic scoliosis (IS), focusing on hip joint. Methods Demographic characteristics, scoliosis-specific assessments and hip joint active range of motion (RoM), lumbar mobility (Modified Schober test), lumbopelvic stability (Single leg squat test-SLS), hip joint position sense, lower extremity balance (Y-balance test) and lower extremity functionality (Lower extremity functional scale-LEFS) were evaluated. Results The study included 120 individuals, with 86 in the scoliosis group (mean age: 15.7 +/- 3.4 years) and 34 in the control group (mean age: 16.1 +/- 4.8 years). The scoliosis group exhibited limited RoM of the hip joint in flexion, extension, right abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and left external rotation compared to controls (p < 0.001). Lumbar mobility was decreased (p < 0.001). In the joint position sense test, the mean difference for right flexion was and for left flexion. Bilateral decreased SLS test performances (p < 0.001) and Y-balance test performance (p < 0.05) in individuals with IS. LEFS scores were statistically different but not clinically different between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Individuals with IS show decreased hip mobility, lumbopelvic stability, hip joint position sense, and balance compared to healthy peers; however, these limitations do not have a clinical impact on daily living activities