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Impact of Weed Competition on Morphological and Biochemical Traits of Potato: a Review
Get PDFPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major crop grown as a staple food worldwide, following rice, wheat, and maize. It is highly susceptible to diseases, nematodes, insect pests, and weeds. Potato yield loss due to weeds varies from 10 to 80% depending on the environment, weed diversity, density, and period of the weed-crop competition. High weed interference may decrease 65% of marketable tuber yield by reducing the number and size of marketable tubers. Weeds not only decrease potato tuber yield but also negatively influence the antioxidant enzymatic activity and primary metabolites of the potato plant. Estimates have shown that the starch content of potato tuber decreases by 10% and protein content by 36% in potato-weed competition. These findings suggest that weed competition can substantially impact potato growth and development and that effective weed management strategies are critical for optimizing potato yields and quality. This review summarizes the recent progress on how potato plants initially respond to weed interference at morphological, biochemical, and physiological levels
Evaluation of nerve innervation distribution of orbicularis oculi muscle for botulinum neurotoxin application using Sihler's method
Get PDFBackground: Blepharospasm is the involuntary and forced closure of the eyelids due to spasm-like contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle around the eye. The study aimed to reveal the nerve innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle for Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment of blepharospasm by Sihler's staining technique.Methods: This study used six cephalus (12 orbicularis oculi muscles) with an average age of 69,6 (62-88) years. Then, the orbicularis oculi muscles were removed by dissection, and Sihler's staining technique was applied to the muscles. The limit for dissection of the muscle is the orbital opening level, where the nerves enter the muscle, and the muscle attaches to the bone. Results: In the region above the palpebral fissure, the nerves entering the muscle were densely located in the superolateral quadrant between 9 and 12 o ' clock in the right eye and between 12 and 3 o ' clock in the left eye. In the region under the palpebral fissure, the nerves' density in the orbicularis oculi muscle was higher between 4 and 7 o ' clock in the right eye and between 5 and 8 o ' clock in the left eye.Conclusion: This study unveiled the nerve branches associated with the orbicularis oculi muscle. It pinpointed precise crossing points of these nerve branches, which can be targeted for applying BoNT in treating blepharospasm. Consequently, by utilizing minimal BoNT, it is anticipated that the quantity of toxin administered will decrease, leading to more efficient outcomes and reduced expenses. Furthermore, this approach can aid in averting potential undesired complications during BoNT administration
Effect of carbon fabric and magnetite addition on biogas and biomethane production from sewage sludge
Get PDFFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıBu tez çalışmasında, kesikli reaktörler kullanılarak arıtma çamuruna farklı konsantrasyonlarda karbon kumaş ve magnetit (Fe3O4 ) ilavesinin biyogaz ve biyometan üretiminin artırılması amaçlanmıştır. En yüksek S/I oranını belirlemek için 1, 2, 3 ve 4 gUK/gUK oranlarında yükleme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen en iyi verim S/I 1 gUK/gUK reaktörü olmuştur. S/I 1 gUK/gUK yükleme oranı kullanılarak çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda karbon kumaş ve magnetit (Fe3O4) ilave edilmiştir. En yüksek biyogaz ve biyometan üretimleri 2,5 g/L karbon kumaş konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla 447 ml biyogaz/gUK ve 345 mlCH4/gUK, 2 g/L magnetit konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla 452 ml biyogaz/gUK ve 356 mlCH4/gUK, ve (10+2) g/L karbon kumaş +magnetit konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla 445 ml biyogaz/gUK ve 355 ml CH4/gUK olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek biyogaz ve biyometan üretimlerinde artış 2,5 g/L karbon kumaş konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla %8.2 ve %17.1, 2 g/L magnetit konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla % 9.4 ve % 20.8 ve (10+2) g/L karbon kumaş + magnetit konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla % 7.7 ve % 20.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Biyogaz ve biyometan üretimi açısından en yüksek verimliliğe sahip karbon kumaş ve Fe3O4 (magnetit) ilavesinde en iyi sonuç alınan reaktörlerden biyofilm örneği alınmış ve mikrobiyal dağılımları incelenmesi sonucunda W5, Blvii28 ve Treponema en baskın türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Arıtma çamuru, karbon kumaş, magnetit (Fe3O4) , biyogaz üretimi, biyometan üretimiIn this thesis study, the effect of adding different concentrations of carbon fabric and magnetite (Fe3O4) to sewage sludge in batch reactors was investigated to increase biogas and biomethane production. The best yield was obtained with the S/I 1 gUK/gUK reactor. Various concentrations of carbon fabric and magnetite (Fe3O4) were added using the S/I 1 gUK/gUK loading rate. The highest biogas and biomethane productions were determined to be 447 mL biogas/gUK and 345 mL CH4/gUK, respectively, at a carbon fabric concentration of 2.5 g/L, 452 mL biogas/gUK and 356 mL CH4/gUK, respectively, at a magnetite concentration of 2 g/L, and 445 mL biogas/gUK and 355 mL CH4/gUK, respectively, at a carbon fabric + magnetite concentration of (10+2) g/L. The increase in the highest biogas and biomethane productions was determined to be 8.2% and 17.1%, respectively, at a carbon fabric concentration of 2.5 g/L, 9.4% and 20.8%, respectively, at a magnetite concentration of 2 g/L, and 7.7% and 20.5%, respectively, at a carbon fabric + magnetite concentration of (10+2) g/L. Biofilm samples were taken from the reactors with the best results in the addition of carbon fabric and Fe3O4 (magnetite) with the highest efficiency in terms of biogas and biomethane production, and as a result of the examination of their microbial distributions, W5, Blvii28, and Treponema were determined to be the dominant species. Key Words: Sewage sludge, carbon fabric, magnetite (Fe3O4), biogas production, biomethane productio
Comparison of stiffness, elasticity and resilience values of ACL with autografts used instead of ACL in terms of texture analysis
Get PDFBackground: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are one of the most extensively studied injuries in the field of orthopedics, but despite the extensive research, graft selection for ACL reconstruction remains a matter of debate. The present study aims to evaluate the stiffness and elasticity of native ACLs using texture profile analysis and compare results with those of autografts used in ACL reconstruction. Methods: Included in the study were dissected 12 cadavers from which grafts were recovered. The graft characteristics, such as stiffness, elasticity and resilience, were measured using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Findings: Among the grafts studied, Achilles' tendon graft (0.70; 0.64) had the highest resilience in both males and females, while the greatest elasticity was identified in the patellar tendon graft (Male: 93 %; Female: 94 %) in all subjects. The highest stiffness value in males was recorded for the quadriceps tendon graft (2928.76 N), while the highest stiffness value in females was recorded for Achilles' tendon graft (2204.61 N). Interpretation: According to the study data, the autografts that may be considered as an alternative to ACL were, listed in order of strength from high to low, the quadriceps, Achilles', patella and hamstring tendons in men, and the Achilles', quadriceps, patellar and hamstring tendons in women. It is worthy of note that the hamstring tendon graft, which is the most frequently preferred autograft in ACL reconstruction, was found to be the lowest in all parameters in both groups
A study on the life, art and poems of Âşık Ali Kemal Yiğit from Kozan
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim DalıKadim bir geçmişe sahip olan âşıklık geleneği nesilden nesile aktarılarak günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Bu geleneğin günümüze taşınmasındaki en önemli görev şüphesiz kültür taşıyıcısı, geleneğin temsilcisi âşıklarıdır. Sanatlarını icra eden âşıklar sazları ve sözleri ile kültürel unsurları geleceğe taşımışlardır. 21. yüzyılda bile canlılığını sürdüren âşıklık geleneği Türk kültürünün hazinesidir. Âşık Edebiyatı gibi kadim bir geleneği tez çalışması olarak seçmemizin nedeni, teknoloji çağında bile varlığını sürdüren hala gün yüzüne çıkmamış birçok haznedarı bulunan bu geleneğin önemini vurgulamak; hayatı boyunca âşıklık geleneğini yaşatmaya çalışan ve bu geleneğe gönül veren âşıklara yol gösterici olan Ali Kemal Yiğit'i bilim dünyasına tanıtmaktır. Âşıklık geleneğinin Adana'daki güçlü temsilcilerinde olan Ali Kemal Yiğit ile ilgili müstakil bir çalışma henüz yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada aşığın hayatı ve sanatı incelenmiştir. 2009 yılında aramızdan ayrılan aşığın ulaşabildiğimiz 276 şiiri, atışma ve mektuplaşmaları çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Bu şiirler şekil ve muhteva bakımından incelenmiştir. Genel itibariyle bu çalışma, Âşık Ali Kemal Yiğit hakkında hazırlanmış bir biyografi çalışmasıdır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Âşıklık geleneği, âşık, Adana, Ali Kemal Yiğit, âşık edebiyatıThe minstrel tradition, which has an ancient history, has been passed down from generation to generation and has survived to the present day. Undoubtedly, the most important task in carrying this tradition to the present day is the lovers, the carriers of culture and the representatives of the tradition. The minstrels who performed their art carried the cultural elements to the future with their instruments and lyrics. The minstrel tradition, which continues to be alive even in the 21st century, is the treasure of Turkish culture. The reason why we chose an ancient tradition such as Minstrel Literature as a thesis study is to emphasize the importance of this tradition, which continues to exist even in the age of technology and has many treasurers that have not yet seen the light of day; to introduce Ali Kemal Yiğit, who tried to keep the minstrel tradition alive throughout his life and guided the lovers who set their hearts on this tradition, to the world of science. An independent study has not yet been conducted on Ali Kemal Yiğit, who is one of the strong representatives of the minstrel tradition in Adana. In this study, the life and art of the lover were examined. 276 poems, bickering and correspondence of the lover who passed away in 2009 were included in the study. These poems were examined in terms of form and content. In general, this study is a biography study prepared about Âşık Ali Kemal Yiğit. Keywords: Minstrel tradition, Âşik, Adana, Ali Kemal Yiğit, minstrel literatür
Investigation of the relationship between school burnout, smartphone addiction and emotion regulation skills in adolescents
Get PDFEğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmada ergenlerde okul tükenmişliği, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ve duygu düzenleme becerileri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunu Niğde ilinde öğrenim gören 472 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Okul Tükenmişlik Ölçeği, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (Lise Öğrencileri İçin), Ergenler İçin Duygu Düzenleme Becerileri Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek amacıyla ilişkisel model kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde korelasyon, çoklu doğrusal regresyon, t testi ve ANOVA analizleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre okul tükenmişliği ile akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, içsel işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme becerileri ve dışsal işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme becerileri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna varılırken; okul tükenmişliği ile içsel işlevsel duygu düzenleme becerileri arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Okul tükenmişliği ile dışsal işlevsel duygu düzenleme becerileri arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı bulunmuştur. Akıllı telefon bağımlılığının, içsel işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme becerilerinin, dışsal işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme becerilerinin okul tükenmişliğini pozitif yönde yordadığı; içsel işlevsel duygu düzenleme becerilerinin ise okul tükenmişliğini negatif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre okul tükenmişliği cinsiyete ve sınıf düzeyine göre anlamlı şekilde farklılaşmamaktadır. Araştırma bulguları, ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: okul tükenmişliği, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, duygu düzenleme becerileriThis study aimed to examine the relationship between school burnout, smartphone addiction and emotion regulation skills in adolescents. The research group consists of 472 high school students studying in Niğde province. Research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, School Burnout Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale (For High School Students), Emotion Regulation Skills Scale for Adolescents. Correlational model was used to examine the relationships and connections between variables. Correlation, multiple linear regression, t test and ANOVA analyzes were performed to analyze the data. According to the results of the research, it was found that there was a positive significant relationship between school burnout and smartphone addiction, a negative significant relationship between school burnout and internal functional emotion regulation skills, a positive significant relationship between school burnout and internal dysfunctional emotion regulation skills, a significant positive relationship between school burnout and external dysfunctional emotion regulation skills and there was no significant relationship between school burnout and external functional emotion regulation skills. It was found that smartphone addiction positively predicted school burnout, internal functional emotion regulation skills negatively predicted school burnout, internal dysfunctional emotion regulation skills positively predicted school burnout, and external dysfunctional emotion regulation skills positively predicted school burnout. According to the results of the research, while school burnout differs significantly according to gender and grade level, it does not differ significantly according to the General Point Average. Keywords: school burnout, smartphone addiction, emotional regulation skill
Modalanalyse von ungleichmäßigen Aluminiumträgern, die mit funktional abgestuftem Material beschichtet sind
Get PDFThe present study comprises a numerical analysis used to find the dimensionless natural frequencies of non-uniform aluminum beams coated with functionally graded material. The beams have variable width, and their variation is described by exponential and linear functions. While the coating material properties vary with a polynomial function, the lamination theory is used to calculate the overall properties of the functionally graded material coating. The beam is modeled as a modified Timoshenko beam and the gradual transition of the coating material properties as 25 layers of homogeneous isotropic material. In order to find the natural frequencies of the beam, finite element analysis was used, and the numerical results were processed with MATLAB, which were in good agreement with literature values. A parametric study is performed to study the effects of slenderness (L/H), coating thickness (h/H), skewness rate (S) and taper ratio (w2/w1) on the dimensionless natural frequencies. The study showed that tapering and skewing had a limited effect on the natural frequencies in general, however there exists a critical slenderness for every taper ratio and skewness rate where shape variation has a significant effect on the natural frequencies and should be considered. In der vorliegenden Studie wird eine numerische Analyse durchgefuhrt, um die dimensionslosen Eigenfrequenzen von ungleichmassigen Aluminiumtragern, die mit funktional abgestuftem Material beschichtet sind, zu ermitteln. Die Trager haben eine variable Breite und ihre Variation wird durch Exponential- und Linearfunktionen beschrieben. Weil die Eigenschaften des Beschichtungswerkstoffs mit einer Polynomfunktion variieren, wird die Laminierungstheorie verwendet, um die Gesamteigenschaften der funktional abgestuften Material-Beschichtung zu berechnen. Der Trager wird als modifizierter Timoshenko-Balken modelliert, und der allmahliche ubergang der Beschichtungsmaterialeigenschaften wird als 25 Schichten aus homogenem isotropem Material modelliert. Um die Eigenfrequenzen des Tragers zu ermitteln, wurde die Finite-Elemente-Analyse verwendet. Die von MATLAB gefundenen numerischen Ergebnisse stimmen mit Literaturwerten uberein. Eine Parameterstudie wurde durchgefuhrt, um die Auswirkungen von Schlankheit (L/H), Beschichtungsdicke (h/H), Schieferate (S) und Verjungungsverhaltnis (w2/w1) auf die dimensionslosen Eigenfrequenzen zu untersuchen. Die Studie zeigte, dass Verjungung und Schragstellung im Allgemeinen einen begrenzten Einfluss auf die Eigenfrequenzen haben, jedoch gibt es eine kritische Schlankheit fur jedes Verjungungsverhaltnis und jede Schieferate, bei der Formvariationen einen grossen Einfluss auf die Eigenfrequenzen haben und berucksichtigt werden sollten. The current paper elucidates the factors which should be considered when designing a metal structural element with non-uniform shape coated with functionally graded material. As a result, the effects of both material and shape parameters on the dimensionless natural frequencies are presented individually. imag
The effect of expanded natural graphite added at different ratios of metal hydride on hydrogen storage amount and reaction kinetics
Get PDFIn this study, metal hydride pellets were formed to accelerate the hydrogen charge/ discharge processes. The heat transfer in hydrogen storage material was improved by employing Expanded natural graphite (ENG). The ideal grinding time for LaNi5 material was determined to be 5 h. In the study, LaNi5 alloy was mixed with ENG in 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% proportions by weight. The amount of hydrogen stored in the reactor by each mixture at 10 bar pressure was measured depending on time. Within the scope of experimental studies, the thermal conductivity coefficient of LaNi5 materials containing 20% ENG by weight was increased by 1380%. Thus, hydrogen charge/discharge processes were accelerated. Storage materials were characterized by XRD and SEM. The thermal conductivity coefficients were measured with the Hot Disk Thermal Constants Analyzer device, and the densities were measured with the Helium Pycnometer device. LaNi5 was chosen as the storage material in the study. It was found that 1-5 wt% ENG addition increased the reaction kinetics without significantly reducing the hydrogen storage capacity in storage alloys. However, in alloys with higher ENG concentrations, the hydrogen storage capacity decreased. The reaction kinetics were increased in the range of 135-260%. (c) 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [121M529]; Council of Higher Education (YOK) [100/2000]The authors would like to thank the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for the financial support under contract number 121M529. The first author, Gamze ATALMIS,, would like to thank the Council of Higher Education (YOK) for the 100/2000 Ph.D. Scholarship Program
Comparison of degree of conversion performance of bulk-fill resin composites: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of in vitro studies
Get PDFObjectives: To systematically compile data on the degree of conversion (DC) for bulk-fill composites using a network meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search for in vitro studies of DC of bulk-fill composites was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Open Grey. Risk of bias within studies and due to missing evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoring system and ROB-MEN tool, respectively. The primary outcome was the DC of bulk-fill composites. Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank relative performance. Inconsistencies in the model were investigated to ensure its validity and the level of confidence in the network meta-analysis (CINeMA) was assessed. Results: A total of 28 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The average DC values (%) for 0-h/top, 0h/bottom, 24-h/top, and 24-h/bottom were 59.09, 57.14, 66.73, and 63.87, respectively. According to their SUCRA ranking, the best-performing composites were: SonicFill, Venus Bulk Fill, and SDR (0-h/top), Reveal HD, i-Flow Bulk Fill, and Venus Bulk- Fill (0-h/bottom), Venus Bulk Fill, SDR, and QuiXfil (24-h/top), and Venus Bulk Fill, Aura Bulk Fill, and i-Flow Bulk Fill (24-h/bottom). Incoherence between direct and indirect evidence was identified as the most significant factor affecting confidence. Conclusions: DC values of bulk-fill composites were within the range commonly reported for previous generations of conventional composites, with flowable composites tending to perform better than sculptable composites. High variability in DC data was observed, which may be attributed to incompletely understood methodological differences. Clinical significance: DC is a fundamental parameter that influences multiple mechanical and biological properties of resin composites and is particularly relevant for the group of bulk-fill composites that are designed for use in thick layers
The role of government incentives in quality economic growth perspective: The KOSGEB case
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Ana Bilim Dalı, İktisat Bilim DalıSürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeyi sağlamak için Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerin (KOBİ) tam potansiyelini ortaya çıkarmak çok önemlidir. KOBİ'leri desteklemenin, kaliteli ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik etmedeki etkinliklerini anlamak için bu tezde (Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmeleri Geliştirme ve Destekleme İdaresi Başkanlığına (KOSGEB) özel olarak odaklanılarak devlet teşviklerinin rolünün derinlemesine bir analizi yapılacaktır. Türkiye'deki politikalar, programlar ve KOBİ'lerin karşılaştığı zorluklar incelenerek KOBİ'lere sağlanan desteğin artırılması, özel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ve sürdürülebilir büyümelerinin teşvik edilmesi için değerli farkındalıklar elde edilmesi yönündeki politikalar değerlendirilecektir. Devlet teşvikleri ve KOBİ gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi KOSGEB bağlamında inceleyen bu tez, kaliteli ekonomik büyümenin desteklenmesinde devletin rolüne ilişkin mevcut bilgi birikimine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. KOSGEB örneğinin kapsamlı bir analizi sayesinde politika yapıcılar, araştırmacılar ve paydaşlar, devlet destek mekanizmalarının etkinliği hakkında değerli bilgiler edinebilir ve Türkiye'de ve dünyada KOBİ'lere sağlanan desteğin artırılması için yollar belirleyebilirler. Tezin birinci bölümünde, küreselleşmiş ve rekabetçi ekonomik ortamda KOBİ'lerin önemine vurgu yapılmıştır. KOBİ'lerin ekonomik büyüme, yenilikçilik ve istihdam yaratmada kritik bir rol oynadığı belirtilerek, özellikle Türkiye örneği üzerinden KOBİ'lerin ekonomideki payına odaklanılmıştır. Ayrıca, finansmana erişim, insan kaynakları, teknoloji benimseme ve düzenleyici ortam gibi faktörlere dayanarak Türkiye'deki KOBİ'lerin karşılaştığı zorluklar detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Tezin ikinci bölümünde ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınmada önemli rol oynayan KOBİ'lere verilen teşviklerin, ülkelerin gelişiminde etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. KOBİ'lere KOSGEB tarafından sağlanan desteklerin kaliteli ekonomik büyümedeki etkisini incelemek ve değerlendirmek amacıyla KOSGEB desteklerinden AR-GE, ÜR-GE ve İnovasyon desteklerinin incelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öncelikli olarak verilen destekler üzerinde etkili olan değişkenler için öznitelik seçimi yapılmıştır. Sonrasında etkili olan öznitelikler için tahminleme yapılmıştır. Son olarak ise tahminleme sonuçlarını da içeren çoklu lineer regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre destek programının önümüzde 10 yıllık süreci için tahminleme yapılmıştır. Tezin üçüncü bölümünün ilk aşamasında, yatırımcıların sosyal sermayesi üzerindeki kavramsal çerçeve ve tartışmalar ele alınarak, literatürdeki örneklemelerle desteklenen kapsamı ve gerçek önemi açıklanmıştır. İkinci aşamada, çalışmanın temel amacı belirlenmiş ve yenilik, önem ve mevcut durum değerlendirmesinden elde edilen hipotez öne sürülmüştür. Ayrıca, bu hipotezi test etmek ve somutlaştırmak için izlenen yöntem detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmıştır. Kayseri'deki yatırımcıların sosyal sermaye seviyelerini anlamak amacıyla yapılan anket, Likert ölçeği kullanılarak ağlar, güven ve normlar gibi sosyal sermayenin temel göstergelerini içermektedir. Bu anket, şehrin en büyük 500 girişimcisinden oluşmaktadır ve projenin gerekliliklerini sağlayan 434 tanesi değerlendirme sürecinde dikkate alınmıştır. Daha sonra, Çoklu Regresyon Analizi, Likert ölçeğindeki anket verilerine uygulanmış ve bu analiz sonucunda, Kayseri'deki yatırımcıların sosyal sermaye seviyelerinin ağlarda % 25, güvende % 30 ve normlarda % 45'e bağlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan farklı olup, politikacıların şehrin sosyal başkentini güçlendirme çabalarında önemli bir rol oynayabilmesi öngörülmüştür. Tezin dördüncü bölümünde ise teknolojik gelişmelerin KOBİ'lerin teknolojik olarak rekabetçi olabilmeleri üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Teknolojik olarak ilerleyebilmenin en önemli yollarından birisi teknoloji konusunda gerekli eğitimleri almak ve gerekli bilgi birikimine sahip olmaktır. Sahip olunan bu bilgi birikimini hayata geçirebilmek için ise AR-GE ve inovasyon konularında gerekli çalışmalar yapmak bir öncelik olmaktan ziyade zaruret haline gelmiştir. Bundan dolayı dünya üzerinde birçok ülke devlete bağlı kuruluşlar vasıtasıyla özellikle özel sektör işletmelerine AR-GE ve inovasyon çalışmaları için çok yönlü ödenekler sağlamaktadır. Ülkemizde AR-GE ve inovasyon konularında şirketlerin gerek duyduğu fonlar KOSGEB tarafından sağlanmaktadır. KOSGEB tarafından özel şirketlere sağlanan AR-GE ve inovasyon desteklerinin şirketlerin teknolojik ilerlemeye gelişimine etkisi "etki analizleri"(impact analysis) ile yapılabilmektedir ve doğrulanabilmektedir. KOSGEB ve destek verdiği şirketler açısından da AR-GE ve inovasyon gibi destek paketlerinin etki değerlendirmesi yapılarak sonuçlar değerlendirilerek gerekli aksiyonların alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada da üretim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin AR-GE ve İnovasyon Destek Programı kapsamındaki personel maliyet desteği ile makine-teçhizat desteklerinin satışlara, ihracata ve çalışan sayısına etkisini analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Etki analizi için Kayseri şehrinde faaliyet gösteren 61 firma örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Bu firmalardan toplanan verilerle etki değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda makine-teçhizat desteğinin net satışlar, ihracat ve çalışan personel sayıları üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin olduğunu gösterilmiştir. Personel giderleri desteği ile net satışlar, ihracat ve çalışan gün sayısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı istatistiksel olarak ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: KOSGEB, Öznitelik Seçimi, AR-GE ve ÜR-GE Destekleri, KOBİ, Tahminleme, ARGE, İnovasyon, İmalatçı Firma, Destek ProgramlarıIt is crucial to unlock the full potential of SMEs to ensure sustainable economic growth. In order to understand the effectiveness of supporting SMEs in promoting quality economic growth, this thesis will conduct an in-depth analysis of the role of government incentives, with a special focus on KOSGEB. By examining the policies, programs and challenges faced by SMEs in Turkey, policies will be evaluated to increase the support provided to SMEs, meet their specific needs and gain valuable awareness to promote their sustainable growth. By examining the relationship between state incentives and SME development in the context of KOSGEB, this thesis aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the role of the state in promoting quality economic growth. Through a comprehensive analysis of the KOSGEB case, policy makers, researchers and stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the effectiveness of state support mechanisms and identify ways to increase support for SMEs in Turkey and beyond. The first chapter of the thesis emphasized the importance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in a globalized and competitive economic environment. It is argued that SMEs play a critical role in economic growth, innovation and job creation, focusing on the share of SMEs in the economy, particularly in the case of Turkey. Additionally, The challenges faced by SMEs in Turkey are discussed in detail, based on factors such as access to finance, human resources, technology adoption and regulatory environment. In the second part of the thesis, it is aimed to examine the effects of incentives given to SMEs, which play an important role in economic and social development, on the development of countries. In order to examine and evaluate the impact of the incentives provided to SMEs by KOSGEB on quality economic growth; R&D, P&D and Innovation incentives from KOSGEB incentives were analyzed. First of all, attribute selection was made for the attributes that are effective on the supports provided. Then, prediction was made for the effective attributes. Finally, multiple linear regression analysis including the prediction results was performed. According to these results, predictions have been made for the next 10 years of the support program. In the first stage of the third part of the thesis, the conceptual framework and debates on investors' social capital are discussed, explaining its scope and real importance supported by examples in the literature. In the second stage, the main objective of the study is identified and the hypothesis derived from the assessment of novelty, importance and the current state of affairs is put forward. Furthermore, the methodology followed to test and concretize this hypothesis is explained in detail. In order to understand the level of social capital of investors in Kayseri, a survey was conducted using a Likert scale that includes key indicators of social capital such as networks, trust and norms. The survey consisted of 500 of the city's largest entrepreneurs and 434 of them that met the requirements of the project were considered in the evaluation process. Multiple Regression Analysis was then applied to the Likert scale survey data, which revealed that the level of social capital of investors in Kayseri depends on 25% in networks, 30% in trust and 45% in norms. These results are different from other studies in the literature, and it is predicted that policy makers can play an important role in efforts to strengthen the social capital of the city. In the fourth part of the thesis, technological developments are focused on the ability of SMEs to be technologically competitive. The way to make technological progress is to have technological know-how. In order to realize the accumulation of knowledge, it has become a necessity rather than a preference to work on R&D and innovation. For this reason, countries provide various support funds to private sector enterprises in R&D and innovation studies through various public institutions. In our country, KOSGEB undertakes the task of supporting the development of technological levels of enterprises in the field of R&D and innovation. The evaluation of the contribution of R&D and innovation supports to technological progress is possible through impact analyses. In terms of KOSGEB and its target group, it is necessary to take necessary measures by evaluating the impact of support programs. For this reason, in this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of personnel expense support and machinery-equipment support used by enterprises operating in the field of manufacturing within the scope of R&D Innovation Support Program on net sales, exports and number of employees. For this purpose, an impact assessment was made with the data collected from 61 enterprises in Kayseri province, which constitutes the sample of the research. The results of the research show that machinery-equipment support has a significant effect on net sales, exports and number of employees. Personnel cost support has no significant effect on net sales, exports and number of working days. Keywords: KOSGEB, Feature Selection, R&D and P&D Supports, SME, Forecasting, R&D, Innovation, Manufacturing Company, Support Program