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The relationship between sphenoidal sinus and sella turcica morphometry in the Turkish population: a retrospective study
Get PDFPurpose The anatomical position of the sphenoidal sinus (SS) is very important for neurosurgeons because of the trans-sphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the volume and shape of the SS and its relationship with the morphometry of the sella turcica. Methods This study included CT images of 282 males and 258 females with a mean age of 50.52 years (range 18-75) who underwent head CT. The morphometric values of the sella turcica and the volume of the SS were measured on the included radiologic images. Measurements were made on the sagittal slice closest to the midline in T1 sequence. Morphometric measurements were made with Micro Dicom Viewers software program and volume measurements were made with ITK SNAP software program. Results In this study, 4 types of SS shapes were obtained in the whole population: amorphous, pentagonal, triangular and quadrilateral. The mean SS volume was 7055.88 mm3 in males and 5694.48 mm3 in females and a statistically significant difference was observed (p < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the sexes in the width and surface area parameters of the sella turcica (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this study, the morphometric relationship between the shape of the sinus sphenoidale and sella turcica was demonstrated between men and women. In particular, the shape of the sinus sphenoidale was found to be anthropometrically different between men and women in the Turkish population. It is hypothesised that the data obtained in our study will guide surgeons performing transsphenoidal approach
Analysis of the impact of oil price fluctuations on Iraq's public budget
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Maliye Ana Bilim Dalı, Maliye Bilim DalıBu araştırma, petrolün Irak ekonomisindeki merkezi rolünü ve uluslararası petrol fiyatlarının Irak kamu bütçesi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Petrol, Irak'ın milli gelir üretiminin ana kaynağı ve döviz tedarikinin temel unsuru olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma, 2004-2020 dönemini kapsayan karşılaştırmalı bir analiz sunmaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, petrol fiyatlarındaki dalgalanmaların Irak kamu bütçesi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda, petrol gelirlerinin bütçe açığı ve fazlası üzerindeki etkileri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Veri toplama süreci, Irak hükümetinin çeşitli bakanlıkları ve karar alma organlarından elde edilen bilgilere dayanmaktadır. Metodolojik açıdan, çalışma istatistiksel analizlere dayanmaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için istatistiksel program kullanılmıştır. Bu yaklaşım, petrol fiyatları, ihracat performansı ve bütçe göstergeleri arasındaki karmaşık ilişkilerin sistematik bir şekilde incelenmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, petrol gelirlerinin Irak'ın kamu gelirlerinin en büyük bileşenini oluşturduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, bütçe harcamalarının finansmanında petrol gelirlerine yüksek düzeyde bir bağımlılığı işaret etmektedir. Analiz, petrol fiyatlarındaki dalgalanmalar ile Irak bütçesindeki fazla oranı arasında doğrudan bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Petrol fiyatlarındaki artışların Irak bütçesi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Irak'ın ihracat performansının da bütçe üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırma petrol fiyatlarındaki dalgalanmaların doğasını anlamanın ve buna bağlı olarak bütçe yönetimini optimize etmenin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, Irak'ın ekonomi politikalarının geliştirilmesi ve bütçe planlamasının iyileştirilmesi için önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.This research examines the central role of oil in the Iraqi economy and the impact of international oil prices on Iraq's public budget. Oil is considered the main source of national income production and a fundamental element of foreign currency supply for Iraq. The study presents a comparative analysis covering the period from 2004 to 2020. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of oil price fluctuations on Iraq's public budget. In this context, the impacts of oil revenues on budget deficits and surpluses have been examined in detail. The data collection process is based on information obtained from various ministries and decision-making bodies of the Iraqi government. Methodologically, the study relies on statistical analyses. Various statistical programs have been utilized to determine the relationships between variables. This approach has allowed for a systematic examination of the complex relationships between oil prices, export performance, and budget indicators. The research results reveal that oil revenues constitute the largest component of Iraq's public revenues. This indicates a high level of dependence on oil revenues for financing budget expenditures. The analysis demonstrates a direct relationship between oil price fluctuations and the surplus ratio in the Iraqi budget. It has been determined that increases in oil prices have a significant impact on the Iraqi budget. Furthermore, it has been established that Iraq's export performance also has a significant effect on the budget. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of understanding the nature of oil price fluctuations and optimizing budget management accordingly. The findings of the study provide important implications for the development of Iraq's economic policies and the improvement of budget planning
An examination of the children's literature books with the theme of death in terms of the principle of appropriacy to the child
Get PDFEğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkçe ve Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Türkçe Eğitimi Bilim DalıDuyarlık gerektiren bir olgu olarak ölüm, her yaşta insanın anlamlandırmakta ve kabullenmekte zorlandığı bir konu olmakla birlikte bilişsel ve duyuşsal olgunluk düzeyleri gibi etmenlere bağlı olarak algılanma süreci de bireyden bireye farklılık göstermektedir. Çocuklara ölüm olgusunun anlatılmasında ve çocukların yaşadıkları bu süreci sağlıklı bir şekilde atlatmalarında, bu sürece ilişkin duygularını ifade edebilmelerinde yetişkinlerin desteğinin yanı sıra nitelikli çocuk kitapları da yardımcı olmaktadır. Çocuklar için ölümü anlatan kitapların çocuk üzerinde yaratacağı etki düşünüldüğünde kitapların, çocukların yaş düzeyine ve gelişimsel özelliklerine dikkat edilerek hazırlanması önemli bir husustur. Bu çalışmada da öncelikle bilimsel araştırmalarda çocukların yaş aralıklarına göre ölüm olgusuna bakış açılarının nasıl olduğuna ilişkin alanyazın taranmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yapılarak ölüm olgusunun okulöncesi, ilk ve ortaokul dönemine seslenen kitaplardaki işleniş biçimi, çeviri ve telif eserlerde ölümün ele alınışının nasıl olduğu, Türk ve dünya edebiyatından seçilen yirmi beş çocuk edebiyatı yapıtı üzerinden incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeye göre özellikle okul öncesi döneme seslenen çeviri kitapların dil ve anlatımında ve ölümün anlatılışında dini ögelere yer verilerek anlatılmasından kaynaklı eksiklikler gözlemlenmiştir. İlkokul dönemine seslenen çeviri ve telif eserlerin bazılarında ölümün işlevsizliği unsurunun gözetilmediği görülürken ortaokul dönemine seslenen bir kitapta ise karakterlerin idealize edilerek anlatıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çeviri ve telif eserler genel olarak karşılaştırıldığında ölümün ele alınışında, anlamlı farklar gözlemlenmemekle birlikte okul öncesi döneme seslenen çeviri kitapların yukarda bahsi geçen bazı eksiklikler içerdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Çeviri ve telif kitaplarda yaş grubu ilerledikçe ölümün daha ayrıntılı yer aldığı, kültürel ve dini ögelerin de anlatının içerisinde yer aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kitaplarda ölümün konu edilişine baktığımızda bazı kitapların sadece yas sürecini ele aldığı bazı kitapların ise hem yas süreci hem de ölümü birlikte ele aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar ışığında; seslendikleri yaş grubunun ölüm olgusunu daha doğru bir şekilde anlamlandırması açısından yazarların, okulöncesi döneme seslenen yapıtların dil ve anlatımında ölüm kavramının alanyazınca ortaya konan temel bileşenlerini gözetmesi; konusunun işlenişinde ise kültürel ve dini ögeleri içeren ifadelerden uzak durmaları tavsiye edilmektedir.As a fact of life that requires sensitivity, people of all ages struggle to understand and accept the phenomenon of death. How death is perceived by individuals depend on factors such as cognitive and emotional maturity levels. Along with support from adults, quality children's books also help adults explain the phenomenon of death to children while helping children overcome this process in a healthy way and expressing their feelings about this process. Considering the impact that children's books on the child, it is important to pay attention to the age level and developmental characteristics of the children while these books are prepared. In this study, first of all, the literature on children's perspectives on the phenomenon of death according to their age ranges was reviewed. Using document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, the way in which the phenomenon of death was handled in books addressed to preschool, primary and secondary school periods, and how death was handled in translated and copyrighted works were examined through twenty-five works of children's literature selected from Turkish and world literature. According to the analysis, deficiencies were observed especially in the language and expression of the translated books addressed to the preschool children and in the narration of death through the inclusion of religious elements. In some of the translated and copyrighted works addressed to the primary school children, it was observed that dysfunctionality as an element of death was not observed, while in a book addressed to the middle school children, it was observed that the characters were idealized. When the translated and copyrighted works were compared in general, it was observed that although there were no significant differences in the treatment of death, the translated books addressed to the preschool children contain some of the deficiencies mentioned above. In both translated and copyrighted books, it was observed that death was covered in more detail as the age group advanced and that cultural and religious elements were also included in the narrative. When examining the topic of death in literature, it was noted that certain books focused solely on the grieving process, while others addressed both mourning and death. Based on these results, it is suggested that the authors of children's book about death should explain the concept of death in a language and expression that is appropriate for preschool-aged children. This should include the basic components of the concept of death as revealed by the literature. It is important to avoid expressions that include cultural and religious elements when addressing this subject in order to help the target age group understand the phenomenon of death more accurately
Environmental issues and globalizing world: An overview
Get PDFThe world is getting smaller and turning into a global village. For this reason, we are faced with a phenomenon called globalization. This phenomenon emerges as a result of the electronic communication revolution. In this new era, societies, cultures, social structures, economic structures-in short, all social systems are undergoing transformation. Fundamental changes are occurring in the fabric of societies. There are also different ways of expressing the phenomenon of globalization. This process, which is also called postmodernism, post-structuralism, new capitalism, clash of civilizations, information society, is actually nothing new for humanity. We can talk about an extension of the history of globalization dating back thousands of years. However, its effect in recent periods, called the period of speed and pleasure, is much more evident. In this study, the relationship between globalization and global environmental issues was examined. In this regard, firstly globalization was emphasized in the conceptual framework, and then global environmental issues were discussed. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved
Bioinformatic assessment of the relationship between breast cancer and autophagy-related protein Ambra1 mutation
Get PDFObjectives: Autophagy protein 1, regulated by Beclin 1 (Ambra1), promotes tumor formation and development by modulating autophagy. Therefore, in situ intervention in autophagy is a promising new strategy for tumor therapy. We aimed to evaluate the possible effects of changes in the Ambra1 gene on breast cancer (BC) treatment in the BRCA cohort. Methods: The gene profile of a total of 996 patients with BC was examined using data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database via cBioPortal. The effects of mutations on proteins were examined by scoring the Polymor-phism Phenotyping v2, Mutation Assessor, and Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant databases. The association of genes with other genes was determined with the STRING database. Kaplan-Meier Plot database was used by evaluating the overall survival (OS). The promoter methylation was evaluated by the UALCAN database. Results: Eleven mutations were detected. Four of these mutations were truncated proteins. Ambra1 tissue expression levels were upregulated compared to healthy tissue in the BRCA cohort; this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Decreased Ambra1 expression levels were associated with a shorter OS (p=0.038). Ambra1 promoter region hyperme-thylation was significant in the BRCA cohort compared to healthy tissue (p<0.001). Conclusion: To our best knowledge, our study is the first to examine the relationship between BC and Ambra1 using bioinformatic tools. Ambra1 may be a candidate target molecule within the treatment strategy due to the mutations evaluated in the BRCA cohort, hypermethylation status, and the association of Ambra1 with shorter OS. However, these situations need to be confirmed by further studies. © 2024, Kare Publishing. All rights reserved
The use of hydrotherapy in the first stage of labour: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFAim: To explore the effect of hydrotherapy applied in the first stage of labour on the health of mother and newborn.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out by following PRISMA. The studies were obtained by scanning EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases. Twenty studies published between 2013 and 2023 were included.Results: The total sample size of the studies was 8254 (hydrotherapy: 2953, control: 5301). Meta-analyses showed that the perception of pain decreased, comfort level and vaginal birth rate were higher and assisted vaginal birth rate and APGAR scores in the first minute were lower in women who underwent hydrotherapy. There was no difference between groups in terms of the duration of the first and second stage of labour, episiotomy, perineal trauma, intrapartum and postpartum bleeding amounts, use of pain medication and labour augmentations, APGAR scores in the fifth minute, positive neonatal bacterial culture and neonatal intensive care unit need.Conclusion: This study revealed that the results that hydrotherapy decreased the perception of pain and assisted birth, increased the rate of vaginal birth and comfort level and did not adversely affect the health of the mother and baby during the birth process.None.None
Development of a systemic premarital counselling programme and evaluating its impact on young adults' couple relationships: A pilot study
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a premarital counselling programme based on a systemic approach (SPMC). The Couple Relationship Scale (CRS) was used as a data collection tools. We randomly selected 24 participants from Turkish university students who scored low on the CRS subscales and agreed to participate in the study. We provided the experimental group with eight sessions of SPMC. The control group did not receive any intervention at all. We used quantitative data to determine the change in participants' couple relationships and qualitative data to determine their views about SPMC and their personal awareness. Analysis shows that SPMC had an effect on the experimental group in terms of the communication, romance-sexuality, conflict resolution, and acceptance of differences subscales scores. Follow-up indicated that the effect of the SPMC was still measurable 12 and 24 weeks after the completion of SPMC. The obtained results are discussed on a theoretical basis
Novel centromeric repetitive DNA elements reveal karyotype dynamics in polyploid sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)
Get PDFPolyploidy is a common feature in eukaryotes with one of paramount consequences leading to better environmental adaptation. Heterochromatin is often located at telomeres and centromeres and contains repetitive DNA sequences. Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is an important perennial forage legume for sustainable agriculture. However, there are only a few studies on the sainfoin genome and chromosomes. In this study, novel tandem repetitive DNA sequences of the sainfoin genome (OnVi180, OnVi169, OnVi176 and OnVidimer) were characterized using bioinformatics, molecular and cytogenetic approaches. The OnVi180 and OnVi169 elements colocalized within functional centromeres. The OnVi176 and OnVidimer elements were localized in centromeric, subtelomeric and interstitial regions. We constructed a sainfoin karyotype that distinguishes the seven basic chromosome groups. Our study provides the first detailed description of heterochromatin and chromosome structure of sainfoin and proposes an origin of heterozygous ancestral genomes, possibly from the same ancestral diploid species, not necessarily from different species, or for chromosome rearrangements after polyploidy. Overall, we discuss our novel and complementary findings in a polyploid crop with unique and complex chromosomal features.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [118Z589]; European Cooperation in Science and Technology for COST Action CA16212-INDEPTH; Turkish Council of Higher Education for Graduate School; Ayhan Sahenk Foundation for Graduate School ScholarshipThe funding has been acknowledged from the following institutions: The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Project ID 118Z589; European Cooperation in Science and Technology for COST Action CA16212-INDEPTH; Turkish Council of Higher Education for Graduate School 100/2000 YOEK Program and Ayhan Sahenk Foundation for Graduate School Scholarship
Phosphate recovery from digestate using magnesium-modified fungal biochar
Get PDFMg-rich biochars have been used for the removal and recovery of phosphate (PO43-) and ammonium (NH4+) from waste streams. In this study, a novel magnesium-modified biochar (Mg-FBC) was synthesized by immobilizing waste magnesite dust (WMD) into Aspergillus niger fungal biomass for the adsorption of PO(4)(3- )and NH4+. Pyrolysis at various temperatures and analysis using techniques such as SEM-EDS, TGA, XRD, FTIR, and BET revealed that biochar produced at 650 degrees C (Mg-FBC650) exhibited enhanced surface properties favorable for effective adsorption. This improvement is attributed to the increased surface area facilitated by the hyphal structure of A. Niger and the effective dispersion of MgO on its surface. In experiments using a synthetic phosphate solution, the adsorption capacity reached 595 mg PO43-/g BC, fitting the Langmuir model at pH 9. In addition, experiments with the liquid fraction of a real digestate (LFD) showed adsorption capacities of 502 mg PO43-/g BC and 150 mg NH4+/g BC, respectively. The adsorption mechanism was elucidated through SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR analyses confirming that Mg-FBC650 facilitates a multifaceted adsorption mechanism, including adsorption, electrostatic attraction, chemical precipitation, and surface complexation. Consequently, PO43- was the primary adsorbate in the synthetic solution, while both PO43- and NH4+ were effectively removed from the LFD, indicating that Mg-FBC650 has substantial potential as an efficient adsorbent for nutrient removal. As a result, Mg-FBC650 is believed to hold significant potential as a slow-release and readily transferable bio-fertilizer, particularly suitable for application in soils deficient in organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. [GRAPHICS] .Marmara University Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit (BAPKO) [FEN-C-DRP-130319-0062]The authors would like to thank Marmara University Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit (BAPKO) for the financial support. Project: FEN-C-DRP-130319-0062
Assessing the growth dynamics of alfalfa varieties (Medicago sativa cv. Bilensoy 80 and Nimet) response to varied carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations
Get PDFRising atmospheric CO2 levels drive greenhouse effects, elevating temperatures, and diminishing water accessibility in semi-arid regions, affecting agriculture. Alfalfa contributes to climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon, enhancing soil fertility and carbon storage, reducing synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use, preventing soil erosion, supplying high-quality livestock feed, and serving as a bioenergy source. This research examined the effects of elevated CO2 levels in climate change scenarios (600, 800, and 1000 ppm, with control at 400 ppm) on two alfalfa varieties, Medicago sativa cv. Nimet and Bilensoy-80. The experiments were conducted in specialized Climate Change Simulation Greenhouses, allowing control of CO2, water, and temperature variables. Results revealed a positive relationship between higher CO2 concentrations and increased photosynthesis (P <= 0.001), promoting the plant growth leaf area (P <= 0.001), yields and both leaf (P <= 0.05) and stem dry biomass (P <= 0.001). At 1000 ppm CO2, a saturation point was reached, halting further photosynthesis. This down-regulation was linked to decreased intercellular CO2 levels, which expedited chlorophyll and breakdown and potentially induced leaf senescence. High CO2 levels led to greater biomass, as anticipated. However, total protein levels, a forage quality indicator, initially decreased with high CO2 concentrations (up to 1000 ppm) due to an inverse relationship with shoot yield. Surprisingly, the 1000 ppm CO2 concentration mitigated this protein reduction in both alfalfa varieties