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Development of glass ceramic sealants with ceramic fiber filler for solid oxide fuel cells
Get PDFFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Termodinamik Bilim DalıKatı oksit yakıt hücrelerinde yüksek çalışma sıcaklıkları, yüksek verim ve reaksiyon kinetiği gibi avantajları beraberinde getirmesinin yanında malzeme seçimini de oldukça sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu nedenle yakıt olarak kullanılan hidrojenin atomik yapısı gereği sızdırmazlık malzemesi ise üzerinde çalışılması gereken önemli elemanlardan birisi olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu tezde, katı oksit yakıt pilleri için seramik elyaf takviyeli cam seramik sızdırmazlık malzemesi geliştirilmesi üzerine çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, şerit döküm yöntemi ile imal edilen cam seramik sızdırmazlık malzemelerine seramik elyaf takviyesi yapılarak termal döngü dayanımının iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Diğer sızdırmazlık elemanları ile kıyaslandığında iyi bir termal döngü performansına sahip olan cam seramik sızdırmazlık malzemesinin seramik elyaf katkısı ile daha uzun ömür ve daha iyi mekanik mukavemet sunduğu yapılan termal döngü ve çekme testleri ile doğrulanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.High operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cell bring along advantages such as high efficiency and reaction kinetics, but also limit the choice of material. For this reason, due to the atomic structure of hydrogen fuel, the sealing material stands out as one of the important components to be studied. In this thesis, studies on the development of ceramic fiber reinforced glass-ceramic sealing material for solid oxide fuel cells are carried out. In this context, it is aimed to improve the thermal cycling performance of glass-ceramic sealing manufactured by tape casting method through adding ceramic fiber as a reinforcement material. The thermal cycling and tensile tests confirm that the glass-ceramic sealant, which exhibits good thermal cycling performance compared to other sealing elements, offers a longer lifespan and better mechanical strength with the addition of ceramic fiber
The Psychological Symptoms and Difficulties Experienced By Parents of Children with Autism
Get PDFObjective: This study investigated the psychological symptoms and difficulties experienced by parents of children with autism. Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and June 2022. The sample consisted of 218 parents of children aged 3-18 living in XX. The sample was divided into two: 110 parents of children with autism and 108 parents of healthy children. Results: Parents of children with autism had a mean age of 36.15 +/- 6.142, while parents of healthy children had a mean age of 36.65 +/- 7.057. More than half of the parents of children with autism stated that they worried about their children's future and had difficulty taking care of other children of theirs, making time for themselves, and maintaining daily life. On the other hand, only a quarter of the parents of healthy children stated that they worried about their children's future and had difficulty taking care of other children of theirs, making time for themselves, and maintaining daily life. Parents of children with autism had a significantly higher mean anxiety, depression and hostility subscale score than parents of healthy children (p<0.05).Conclusions: Parents of children with autism experience more difficulties and present with more symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hostility than parents of healthy children. Parents of children with special needs need to be psychologically reassured and supported
Utilisation of hazelnut-derived oleosomes in liquid margarine formulation: An investigation into stability and functional enhancement
Get PDFThis study investigates the potential of utilising oleosomes extracted from hazelnuts in the formulation of liquid margarines. Aqueous extraction methods were employed to isolate oleosomes from hazelnuts, revealing approximately 83.07% fat and 2.48% protein content in hazelnut oleosomes. The stability of oleosomes at various pH levels (3-10) was examined, showing stability at pH 7 but instability at extreme pH values. Evaluation at pH 7 indicated small particle size (D3,2 approximate to 3.58 mu m) and a zeta-potential of approximately -33.8 mV for isolated oleosomes. Subsequently, double emulsions were formulated by substituting traditional oil with varying oleosome concentrations (0-30%) in liquid margarine. Rheological and oxidative analyses of these margarines demonstrated decreased elastic and viscous moduli, hardness, and spreadability, alongside enhanced oxidative stability with increasing oleosome concentration. These findings suggest hazelnut-derived oleosomes offer significant stability advantages over conventional liquid margarine, presenting a promising avenue for functionally enhanced food products in the food industry.Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Nigde OEmer Halisdemir University; [2022/16-LUETEP]This work was supported by the Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Nigde OEmer Halisdemir University (Project No: TGT, 2022/16-LUETEP)
Pulmonary Physician Consultancy in Emergency Services in Turkiye (PuPCEST) - a cross-sectional multicenter study
Get PDFPulmonology is one of the branches that frequently receive consultation requests from the emergency department. Pulmonology consultation (PC) is requested from almost all clinical branches due to the diagnosis and treatment of any respiratory condition, preoperative evaluation, or postoperative pulmonary problems. The aim of our study was to describe the profile of the pulmonology consultations received from emergency departments in Turkiye. A total of 32 centers from Turkiye (the PuPCEST Study Group) were included to the study. The demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data of the consulted cases were examined. The final result of the consultation and the justification of the consultation by the consulting pulmonologist were recorded. We identified 1712 patients, 64% of which applied to the emergency department by themselves and 41.4% were women. Eighty-five percent of the patients had a previously diagnosed disease. Dyspnea was the reason for consultation in 34.7% of the cases. The leading radiological finding was consolidation (13%). Exacerbation of preexisting lung disease was present in 39% of patients. The most commonly established diagnoses by pulmonologists were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19%) and pneumonia (12%). While 35% of the patients were discharged, 35% were interned into the chest diseases ward. The majority of patients were hospitalized and treated conservatively. It may be suggested that most of the applications would be evaluated in the pulmonology outpatient clinic which may result in a decrease in emergency department visits/consultations. Thus, improvements in the reorganization of the pulmonology outpatient clinics and follow-up visits may positively contribute emergency admission rates
Improvement of IoT-based industrial motor drive including model predictive control and multilevel inverter
Get PDFFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıAlternatif akım (AA) motorlarından biri olan asenkron motor endüstriyel uygulamalarda yaygın olarak tercih edilmektedir. Asenkron motorun hız ve tork kontrolü, evirici kullanılarak uygun gerilim ve akımın üretilmesiyle sağlanır. İki seviyeli evirici topolojilerine göre düşük toplam harmonik distorsiyon oranı, yüksek verimlilik ve küçük filtre boyutu gibi avantajları bulunan çok seviyeli evirici topolojilerine sahip asenkron motor sürücüleri üzerine yapılan geliştirme çalışmaları her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada asenkron motorun tork ve akı kontrolü için sonlu kontrol set model öngörülü kontrol (SKS-MÖK) yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Çok seviyeli evirici topolojisi olarak ise nötr noktası kenetlemeli (NNK) ve aktif nötr noktası kenetlemeli (ANNK) evirici topolojileri tasarlanmıştır. Çok seviyeli eviriciyle geliştirilen asenkron motor sürücüsünün uzaktan izleme ve kontrol edilebilme özelliği, nesnelerin interneti (IoT) tabanlı bir modül ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca kontrol edilen asenkron motorun hız değeri kayan kipli gözlemci (KKG) ve model referans adaptif sistem (MRAS) hız tahmin yöntemleriyle elde edilerek sensörsüz SKS-MÖK kontrol yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir.Induction motor which is one of the alternating current (AC) motors, is widely used in industrial applications. Speed and torque control of the induction motor is provided by generating the appropriate voltage and current using the inverter. Development studies on induction motor drives with multilevel inverter topologies, which have advantages such as lower total harmonic distortion, higher efficiency and smaller filter size compared to two level inverter topologies, are increasing day by day. Finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) methods were developed for torque and flux control of the induction motor in this thesis. The neutral point clamped (NPC) and active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverters have been designed as multilevel inverter topology. The remote monitoring and control feature of the induction motor drive developed with multilevel inverter is realized with an internet of things (IoT) based module. In addition, sensorless FCS-MPC control methods have been improved by obtaining the speed value of the controlled induction motor using sliding mode observer (SMO) and model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed estimation methods
The effect of deviced respiratory muscle exercises on respiratory functions in sedentary women performing step aerobic exercise
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Ana Bilim DalıSon yıllarda hem rehabilitasyon hem de sportif performansın geliştirilmesi amacıyla uygulanan solunum kası egzersizlerinin, setler arası dinlenmede uygulanmasının solunum fonksiyonlarına etkilerini inceleyen bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Literatürdeki bu boşluğun doldurması hedeflenerek yapılan bu çalışmanın birinci amacı step aerobik egzersizi yapan sedanter kadınlara farklı zamanlarda uygulanan aletli solunum kası egzersizlerinin solunum fonksiyonlarına etkisinin karşılaştırılması, ikinci amacı ise step aerobik egzersizlerinin vücut yağ yüzdesine (VYY) etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 18-24 yaş arasında 32 sedanter kadın gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, step aerobik egzersizinin setler arası dinlenme esnasında solunum kası egzersizi yapan grup (Egzersiz+SKEG) (n=10), step aerobik egzersizine ilaveten evde solunum kası egzersizi yapan grup (Ev+SKEG) (n=10) ve sadece step aerobik egzersizi yapan kontrol grubu (KG) (n=12) olarak 3'e ayrılmıştır. Tüm gruplar 8 hafta boyunca haftanın 3 günü aynı step aerobik egzersiz programını uygularken, Egzersiz+SKEG ve Ev+SKEG'leri aynı zamanda solunum kası egzersizleri de yapmışlardır. Katılımcıların solunum fonksiyonları spirometre cihazı ile VYY 'leri ise biyoelektirk impedans analiz cihazı ve skinfold aleti ile çalışmanın başlangıcında ve 8. haftanın sonunda olmak üzere 2 kez ölçülmüştür. Verilerin analizinde, farklı protokollerin sonuçlarını, ön-son test ölçümlerini ve protokol*zaman etkileşim etkisini incelemek için, Tekrarlanan Ölçümler İki Yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda grupların tamamında solunum parametrelerinin ön testten son teste istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde geliştiği belirlenirken, bu gelişimin yüzdesel olarak en fazla Egzersiz+SKEG'de olduğu tespit edilmiştir. VYY'de de grupların tamamında ön testten son teste istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, step aerobik egzersizlerinin hem solunum foksiyonlarını artırmada hem de VYY'yi azaltmada etkili bir yöntem olduğu, ayrıca step aerobik egzersizleri ile birlikte uygulanan aletli solunum kası egzersizlerinin ise solunum parametrelerinde daha fazla gelişim sağladığı söylenebilir. Bu nedenle de egzersiz ile birlikte yapılan aletli solunum kası egzersizlerinin solunum parametrelerini artırmada alternatif bir yöntem olarak uygulanabileceği düşünülmektedir.In recent years, there is no study examining the effects of respiratory muscle exercises, which are applied for both rehabilitation and improvement of sports performance, on respiratory functions during the rest between sets. The first aim of this study, which aims to fill this gap in the literature, is to compare the effects of instrumented respiratory muscle exercises applied at different times to sedentary women doing step aerobic exercise on respiratory functions, and the second aim is to examine the effect of step aerobic exercises on body fat percentage (BFF). 32 sedentary women between the ages of 18-24 participated in the study voluntarily. Participants were divided into 3 groups. The group that performed respiratory muscle exercise during the rest between sets of step aerobic exercise (Exercise+RMEG) (n=10), the group that performed respiratory muscle exercise at home in addition to step aerobic exercise (Home+RMEG) (n=10) and that performed only step aerobic exercise control group (CG) (n=12). While all groups applied the same step aerobic exercise program 3 days a week for 8 weeks, Exercise + RMEG and Home + RMEG also performed respiratory muscle exercises. The respiratory functions of the participants were measured twice with a spirometer device, and their BEF with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer and skinfold device, at the beginning of the study and at the end of the 8th week. In the analysis of the data, Repeated Measures Two-Way ANOVA test was used to examine the results of different protocols, pre-post test measurements and protocol*time interaction effect. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was determined that the respiratory parameters in all groups improved statistically significantly from the pre-test to the post-test, while this improvement was found to be the highest in Exercise + RMEG as a percentage. A statistically significant decrease was determined in BFP from pre-test to post-test in all groups. As a result, it can be said that step aerobic exercises are an effective method in both increasing respiratory functions and reducing BFP, and that respiratory muscle exercises with deviced applied together with step aerobic exercises provide more improvement in respiratory parameters. For this reason, it is thought that deviced respiratory muscle exercises performed together with exercise can be applied as an alternative method to increase respiratory parameters
A comprehensive study on the molecular characterization of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus isolates and resistance genes in pepper and tomato
Get PDFTomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV, Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae) resistance genes (Tsw, Sw5) have been identified in pepper and tomato plants. The development of resistant cultivars is one of the popular management strategies for overcoming viral infections. However, the breakdown of resistance genes has been documented from many places where resistant cultivars have been developed. This has mainly been due to the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) lines because of the consecutive use of these cultivars. The development of these isolates may cause great losses in both tomato and pepper plants in Turkiye. To investigate the incidence of TSWV, 150 symptomatic samples were collected from widespread locations of tomato and pepper growing provinces in Turkiye. Samples were inoculated to enhance the virus titer and further confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA positive samples were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) and CAPS markers were used to screen resistance genes in tomato and pepper plants. Positive TSWV-isolates were partially sequenced to determine whether they had the previously reported mutations in NSs or NSm genes for RB isolates. As per the virus characterization, NSm and NSs amino acid sequences showed no previously identified mutations. Resistance gene-carrying isolates were amplified for partial genome sequences. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that both NSs and NSm were distributed in the same genetic pool. The N gene sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Turkish isolates were clustered in a separate clade. These findings provide insight into TSWV infections and resistance genes of pepper and tomato by phylogenetic analysis.Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP project) [TGT 2020/7 -BAGEP]The current research was part of the Doctoral Thesis of Qurat ul Ain SAJID, which was partially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP project no. TGT 2020/7 -BAGEP) of Nigde amer Halisdemir University from Nigde, Tuerkiye
The acute effect of releasing the thoracolumbar facia by osteopathic technique on lower extremity functional performance, on lumbar extensor endurance and on mobility in soccer players
Get PDFIntroduction: The aim of this study is to examine the acute effect of osteopathic release of the thoracolumbar fascia on lower extremity functional performance, lumbar extensor endurance and mobility in professional soccer players. Materials and Methods: 30 volunteer male athletes who professionally play soccer participated in the study, and the participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The functional performance of the lower extremities, lumbar extensor endurance and mobility of the subjects were measured twice - before and immediately after the Still Technique and placebo applications. Subjects' lower extremity functional performance was determined by the Single Leg Hop Test, lumbar extensor endurance by the Beiring-Sorensen Extensor Endurance Test, and mobility skill by the Modified Schober Test. Results: According to the results of the statistical analysis, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and posttest values of the lumbar extensor endurance tests of the experimental group in favor of the posttest; however, there was no significant difference in lower extremity functional performance and mobility values, and it was determined that they improved in the post-test. Conclusions: Releasing the thoracolumbar fascia tissue with osteopathic technique before exercise in athletes can acutely increase performance by positively affecting muscle contraction
Tuning PID controller parameters of the DC motor with PSO algorithm
Get PDFDirect current (DC) motors have superior features such as operating at different speeds, being affordable and easily controllable. Therefore, DC motors have many uses, such as machine tools and robotic systems in many factories up to the textile industry. The PID controller is one of the most common methods used to control DC motors. PID is a feedback controller with the terms Proportional, Integral, and Derivative. The proper selection of P, I, and D parameters is critical for achieving the desired control in the PID controller. In this study, the transfer function of a DC motor is first obtained, and the speed of the DC motor is controlled by the PID controller using this transfer function. Then, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), an optimization method based on swarm intelligence, is used to adjust the P, I, and D parameters. By using the obtained P, I, and D coefficients, the speed of the DC motor is tried to be controlled, and the effect of the filter coefficient on the system output is examined. The performance of the proposed PSO-PID controller with successful results is given in tables and graphics. Control and optimization studies are carried out with MATLAB Simulink. © 2023 The Author(s)
Assessing the evolution of urban expansion density over a century, Konya, Türkiye
Get PDFThe year 2023 represents a 100-year period of becoming a country for Türkiye. This study examines the urban expansion evolution of Konya in Turkey over a century of urbanization. The expansion process is assessed through the analysis of urban plans from 1923, 1945, 1967, 2000, and 2023 using (1) density calculation derived from the population divided by built-up cells and (2) density calculation utilizing Inverse S function based on land use data. Considering the calculated densities, the city's evolution over a hundred years is examined concerning evolving regulations land use decisions, and growth trajectories. The existing conditions, encompassing both the advantageous and disadvantageous facets of urban expansion, are examined using SWOT analysis, and spatial development strategies for the future are devised. As a result, it has been determined that Konya has undergone urban expansion in certain directions irregularly, attributed to transportation-focused planning decisions, deviating from human-scale and compact urban development