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Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi (Türkiye) buğday alanlarında bitki paraziti nematodların morfolojik ve moleküler teşhisi
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to identify plant-parasitic nematodes molecularly and morphologically in wheat (Triticum spp.) fields in the Eastern Anatolia Region (Türkiye) between 2017-2019. For this purpose, a total of 258 soil samples were collected from 7 provinces (Erzincan, Elazığ, Erzurum, Iğdır, Kars, Malatya, and Sivas) in the Eastern Anatolia Region. Nematodes were morphologically identified using a light microscope at the genus (some of them species) level. DNA extraction was performed and PCR products were used to DNA sequencing and nucleotide analysis for 28S ribosomal DNA region by comparing the results with the database. According to the obtained data, a total of 20 genera and 7 species belonging to 2 orders and 9 families were identified: H. digonicus Perry, 1959; H. canadensis Waseem, 1961; H. vulgaris Yuen, 1964 (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae); Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey, 1958 (Nematoda: Anguinidae); Amplimerlinius macrurus (Goodey, 1932) (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae); Scutylenchus quadrifer (Andrassy, 1954); (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae), and Pratylenchoides alkani Yüksel, 1977 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae). H. vulgaris was identified at the species level using molecular techniques. The rates of presence of economically important plant parasitic nematodes were determined as 73%, 43%, 36%, 33% and 28% for Ditylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Aphelenchus spp., Xiphinema spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. respectively. It is thought that the results obtained will help to plan nematode control methods in the region. © 2024, Plant Protection Central Research Institute. All rights reserved.Türkiye Scientific and Technical Research Council; TUBITAK; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK, (112O565
The effect of social media on political stability in the context of public space: The example of Twitter
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim DalıSiyasal istikrar kavramı; uzun bir süre değişmeden aynı kalabilen, kararlı bir şekilde varlığını devam ettiren anlamlarına gelmektedir. Siyasal iktidarın varlığı beraberinde yönetme, idare etme olgusunu yansıtmaktadır. Siyasal iktidar, işlevini yerine getirirken demokratik kurallara uyarak istikrarlı davranmak durumundadır. Siyasal istikrar kavramını daha iyi ifade edebilmek adına siyasal istikrarsızlık unsurlarına da yer verilmiştir. Siyasal istikrar kavramı, unsurları ve siyasal istikrarsızlık boyutunda politik, ekonomik ve sosyal nedenlerine yer verilmiştir. Sosyal medyanın oluşumu ve kavramı incelenerek sosyal medya uygulamalarından Twitter'a yer verilmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişimi ile birlikte sosyal medyanın kullanım alanlarının genişlediği görülmektedir. Sosyal medyada oluşturulan içeriklerin karşılıklı etkileşim yaratması ve çift yönlü iletişime olanak sunması sosyal medyayı değerli kılmaktadır. Sosyal medyada içerik üreticilerinin fikir, düşünce ve görüşlerini paylaşması kamusal alanın varlığını oluşturmaktadır. Bu açılardan değerlendirdiğimizde sosyal medyanın kamusal alan bağlamında siyasal istikrara etkisini Twitter gibi uygulamalar ile yapmaktadır. Eskiden kahvehaneler gibi ortamlarda bireylerin fikir ve düşüncelerini paylaşarak oluşturduğu kamusal alanı günümüzde bireyler enformasyon çağının gereklilikleri doğrultusunda sosyal medyayı bir araç olarak kullanarak kamusal alanı oluşturmaktadır. Her birey anayasal hakları kapsamında ifade özgürlüğü çerçevesinde kendi fikir, görüş ve düşüncelerini paylaşmakta özgürdür. Araştırmamızı da etkileyen bu konu sosyal medya gibi uygulamalarla paylaşılan fikirler ve düşüncelerin bir kamusal alan yarattığı, ülkede bir gündem oluşturduğu ve siyasal istikrara etkisidir.The concept of political stability means the ability to remain the same for a long time and to continue its existence in a stable manner. The existence of political power reflects the phenomenon of governing and administering. The political power must act consistently by complying with democratic rules while performing its function. In order to better express the concept of political stability, elements of political instability are also included. The concept of political stability, its elements and political, economic and social reasons in the dimension of political instability are included. The formation and concept of social media were examined and Twitter, one of the social media applications, was included. With the development of technology, it is seen that the usage areas of social media are expanding. The fact that the content created on social media creates mutual interaction and allows two-way communication makes social media valuable. Sharing ideas, thoughts and opinions of content producers on social media constitutes the existence of the public sphere. When we evaluate from these perspectives, social media has an impact on political stability in the context of public space through applications such as Twitter. In the past, the public space was created by individuals sharing their ideas and thoughts in environments such as coffee houses. Today, individuals create the public space by using social media as a tool in line with the requirements of the information age. Every individual is free to share his or her ideas, opinions and thoughts within the framework of freedom of expression within the scope of his constitutional rights. This issue, which also affects our research, is that the ideas and thoughts shared through applications such as social media create a public space, set an agenda in the country, and have an impact on political stability
An Experimental Investigation of Tsunami Bore Impact on Coastal Structures
Get PDFThis experimental study focused on the measurement and analysis of the impact force caused by a tsunami bore on a coastal structure. The bore wave was produced by a dam break mechanism. The water depth in the reservoir and the location of the coastal structures were varied to simulate different impact scenarios. The time history of the force resulting from the impact of the bore wave on the coastal structure was measured. The propagation of the bore wave along the flume was recorded and the video recordings were converted into digital data using an image-processing technique in order to determine the flow depth variations with time. The hydrostatic forces and the corresponding depth and time-averaged hydrodynamic forces as well as the maximum hydrodynamic forces were acquired for each scenario. The ratio of hydrodynamic to hydrostatic forces were obtained, and it was observed that the calculated averaged ratio was within the recommended design ratio. The results indicate that an increase in the reservoir level caused an increase in the magnitude and intensity of the impact forces, however, the relationship was non-linear. Moreover, it was found that the location of the structure did not play a significant role on the intensity of the impact forces
4-h mean lactate clearance as a good predictor of adverse outcome in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a pilot study
Get PDFObjectives This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the 4-h mean lactate clearance (LACclr) level as a predictive factor for in-hospital outcomes, 30-day mortality, and treatment success in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE), a significant clinical form of acute heart failure (AHF).Methods A total of 44 patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary edema were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on lactate levels and negative outcomes, and lactate and LACclr levels and negative outcomes were analyzed using statistical tests such as Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results The results indicated a statistically significant difference in the total hospitalization length of stay according to whether the patients had a negative outcome (intubation and in-hospital mortality) (p=0.033). Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC) value for 4-h mean LACclr was 0.795 in all patients, which was statistically significant in predicting 30-day mortality (p=0.033). The optimal cut-off value for the 4-h mean LACclr in predicting 30-day mortality was found to be 5.57 %, with 80 % sensitivity and 66.7 % specificity. The threshold to rule out 30-day mortality for all patients was 18.85 with 100 % sensitivity and 30.2 % specificity (AUC, 0.795 95 % CI [0.546-1.000], p=0.033).Conclusions These findings suggest that the 4-h LACclr level, calculated within 4 h of emergency department (ED) presentation, can be used as a predictive indicator for needing intubation, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day mortality and to identify patients at higher risk for adverse outcomes
Comparative analysis of ocular findings between surgical and natural menopause patients: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFAim: Menopause can play a role in changing eye findings. This study sought to examine early postsurgical menopause patients in comparison with natural menopause patients and premenopausal patients in terms of ocular findings. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from 108 women (48 surgical, 30 natural menopausal and 30 perimenopausal women) attending the Gynaecology and Ophthalmology clinics. Data included age, women blood level of hormone, and eye findings at presentation. Results: Women in surgical menopause differed in mean increase in bilateral intraocular pressure compared to women in natural menopause and perimenopause. Women in natural menopause had higher mean scores for bilateral intraocular pressure compared with women in perimenopause. Women in natural menopause had increased mean bilateral eye macular thickness compared to women in surgical menopause and perimenopause. Women in surgical menopause had significantly higher mean right and left eye macular thickness than women in perimenopause. Bilateral eye central corneal thickness scores were significantly higher surgical menopause and natural menopause women than perimenopause women. Scores for bilateral eye grade were similar across the groups. Both surgical menopause and natural menopause were in significant associations with the intraocular pressure, macular thickness, and central corneal thickness of the right and left eye. Discussion: Although there are no clear data on menopause and ocular symptoms in published studies, this study shows that menopause has significant adverse effects on intraocular pressure and macular thickness when pre-menopausal women are compared with menopausal women
Political Marketing and Voting Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research
Get PDFPolitical marketing, a marriage between politics and marketing, is a dynamic and relatively young field. Thus, it adheres to frameworks that are borrowed from other disciplines to comprehend and explain voting behavior. This makes the field more complex and fragmented. Also, this field is under-researched and in its nascent stage, notwithstanding the current increase in academic research. Therefore, it is difficult for researchers to build on prior acquired knowledge and further the field's research. Accordingly, the current study provides a systematic review of the extant literature by utilizing the systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, which provides a thorough evaluation of the relevant literature, yielding multiple benefits. A total of 36 papers covering 20 reputed peer-reviewed journals from 2002-2023 were selected for analysis to identify theoretical perspectives, reveal main topics followed by research gaps, recommend future research avenues, and provide a comprehensive understanding. Our analysis revealed that papers striving to comprehend various facets of voting behavior utilized five different theoretical perspectives and were grouped around five topics. The results are hopefully expected to galvanize further research in this field from the theoretical as well as from a practice-oriented perspective by providing multiple actionable inputs for the relevant subject
The Turkish adaptation of the Adherence to Asthma Medication Questionnaire
Get PDFBackground: This study was conducted to adapt the Adherence to Asthma Medication Questionnaire (AAMQ-13) into Turkish. Methods: The research was conducted in the pulmonology outpatient clinic of a state hospital in Nigde/Turkey. The sample consisted of 229 volunteers with asthma for at least one year. First, language and content validity were assessed. After evaluating the language validity and content validity of the questionnaire, internal consistency, split-half reliability, and construct validity were examined. Questionnaire and demographic data were analyzed using numbers, percentages, dependent and independent groups t-tests, correlation analysis. Results: The AAMQ-13-TR has a Cronbach's alpha (alpha) score of 0.90 (p < 0.001). It has a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.86. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) shows that the factor structure of the AAMQ-13-TR agrees well with the two-factor model of the original questionnaire. Conclusions: This study presented sources of evidence of validity of AAMQ-13-TR in Turkish population
Pre-Service Turkish and English Teachers’ Achievement Levels, Perceptions of Self-Efficacy and Attitudes in relation to Summarizing Skills
Get PDFThis study aims to compare pre-service Turkish and English teachers’ achievement levels, perceptions of self-efficacy and attitudes in relation to summarizing skills. This study adopted a sequential mixed method research design and there were 265 pre-service teachers who were chosen via convenience sampling. The data were obtained via a story summary rubric, the summarizing attitude scale, summarizing self-efficacy perception scale and a semi-structured interview form. While the quantitative data were analyzed by statistical methods, the qualitative data were subjected to summative content analysis. According to the findings, summarizing achievement level of the participants was at a good level. Also, it was found that the participants had a high level of belief in the importance of summarizing, they enjoyed summarizing at a moderate level, and their attitude scores towards summarizing were high. In addition, the participants' summary-based reading, summary writing and self-efficacy perceptions of summarizing were at a high level. On the other hand, it was revealed that there were no significant differences between the scores of the pre-service English and Turkish teachers in terms of summarizing achievement levels, believing in the importance of summarizing, reading for summarizing, writing summary and summarizing self-efficacy. Finally, there was a significant difference in favor of the pre-service Turkish teachers in the dimension of enjoying summarizing and the overall scores of the summarizing attitudes scale
Boric acid alleviates periodontal inflammation induced by IL-1? in human gingival fibroblasts
Get PDFBackground: Boric acid (BA) has been found to have therapeutic effects on periodontal disease through beneficially affecting antibacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory actions. Methods: This study was conducted to determine the effect of BA on cell viability and on mRNA expressions of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and on oxidative stress enzymes induced by IL-1 beta (1 ng/mL) in Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF) cultured for 24 and 72 h in DMEM media. The BA concentrations added to the media were 0.09 %, 0.18 %, 0.37 %, and 0.75 %. Results: All of the BA concentrations increased the viability of cell cultured in DMEM media only, indicating that these concentrations were not toxic and actually beneficial to cell viability. The addition of 1 ng/m: of IL-1 beta decreased cell viability that was overcome by all concentrations of BA at both 24 and 72 h. The IL-1 beta addition to the media increased the expressions of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17; the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10; and the oxidative stress enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD0 and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The IL-1 beta induced increase mRNA expression of IL-1 beta was decreased at 24 h by the 0.37 % and 0.75 % BA additions to the media and decreased in a dose-dependent manner by all concentrations of BA at 72 h. The IL-1 beta induced increase in the expression of IL-6 was decreased in dose-dependent manner at 72 h by BA. All BA concentrations decreased the IL-1 beta induced expression of IL-8 at both 24 and 72 h. The induced increase in IL17 by IL-1 beta was not significantly affected by the BA additions. The increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 induced by IL-1 beta was increased further by all BA additions in dose dependent manner at both 24 and 72 h. The mRNA expressions of SOD and GPX increased by IL-1 beta were further increased by the 0.37 % and 0.75 % BA concentrations at 72 h. Conclusions: These findings indicate that BA can significantly modulate the cytokines that are involved in inflammatory stress and reactive oxygen species action and thus could be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of periodontal disease.This work was not supported by any fundin
Experimental determination of NiFe2O4-water nanofluid thermophysical properties and evaluation of its potential as a coolant in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Get PDFHeat is generated as a byproduct of the electrochemical reactions of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. This heat raises the temperature of the system, and if it is not properly removed from the cell, it can cause membrane damage and overheating. Thermal management is thus critical for PEM fuel cell stability, efficiency, and safety. This paper investigates the potential use of NiFe2O4-water nanofluid as a novel coolant for PEM fuel cells. To determine the nanofluid thermophysical properties, an experimental study for different mass% concentrations of NiFe2O4-water nanofluid is first performed. Then, a three-dimensional CFD model is built to demonstrate the effect of nanofluid use on the thermal performance of a cooling plate. Simulation results show that replacing water with 0.5% NiFe2O4 nanofluid improves temperature uniformity by 11.97%. Furthermore, nanofluid cooling reduces maximum surface temperature by up to 0.75 degrees C while increasing pressure drop by 5.6%, implying higher pumping power.(c) 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved