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Design Optimization for High-Performance Computing Using FPGA
Get PDF10th Annual International Conference on Information Management and Big Data (SIMBig) -- DEC 13-15, 2023 -- Inst Politecnico Nacl, Centro Investigac Computac, Mexico City, MEXICOReconfigurable architectures like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been used for accelerating computations in several domains because of their unique combination of flexibility, performance, and power efficiency. However, FPGAs have not been widely used for high-performance computing, primarily because of their programming complexity and difficulties in optimizing performance. We optimize Tensil AI's open-source inference accelerator for maximum performance using ResNet20 trained on CIFAR in this paper in order to gain insight into the use of FPGAs for high-performance computing. In this paper, we show how improving hardware design, using Xilinx Ultra RAM, and using advanced compiler strategies can lead to improved inference performance. We also demonstrate that running the CIFAR test data set shows very little accuracy drop when rounding down from the original 32bit floating point. The heterogeneous computing model in our platform allows us to achieve a frame rate of 293.58 frames per second (FPS) and a %90 accuracy on a ResNet20 trained using CIFAR. The experimental results show that the proposed accelerator achieves a throughput of 21.12 Giga-Operations Per Second (GOP/s) with a 5.21W on-chip power consumption at 100 MHz. The comparison results with off-the-shelf devices and recent state-of-the-art implementations illustrate that the proposed accelerator has obvious advantages in terms of energy efficiency.Soc Mexicana Inteligencia Artificial,N Amer Chapter Assoc Computat Linguis
Kalay katkısının Ba2Ca3Cu6-xSnxOy süperiletken seramiğin manyetik kaldırma ve manyetik sertlik performansına etkisi
Get PDFBu çalışmada, katı hal reaksiyon yöntemiyle üretilen kalay katkılı Ba2Ca3Cu6-xSnxOy (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) nominal kompozisyona sahip yüksek sıcaklık süperiletken (HTS) seramik numunelerin, manyetik akı kapasitesi üzerinde kalay katkısının etkileri araştırıldı. Süperiletken örneklere ait manyetik kaldırma kuvvetini (MLF) ölçmek için 300 mT değerinde sabit mıknatıs (PM) kullanıldı. MLF ölçümleri sıfır alan soğutma (ZFC), alan altında soğutma (FC) koşullarında, tek boyutta, düşey uzaklığa bağlı statik ölçüm şeklinde alındı. ZFC’de Maksimum MLF değeri, Fz=63 mN ile Sn20 örneğinde ölçüldü. ZFC’de kalay katkısının, tüm örneklerde çekici kuvveti düşürüp itici kuvveti baskın hale getirmesiyle akı yakalama kapasitesini zayıflattığı görüldü. ZFC’de MLF ölçümlerinden manyetik sertlik (stiffness) hesaplanarak kalay katkısının etkisi ortaya kondu. Ayrıca FC koşulunda 3 döngü üzerinden MLF ölçümleri alındı. MLF eğrilerinin belirtilen koşullarda önemli histeretik davranış sergilediği görüldü. HTS’lerin duyarlık gösterdiği bölgenin 0-30 mm aralığı olduğu belirlendi. Döngüsel MLF ölçümlerindeki aşağı yönlü kaymalar Bean'in Kritik Durum Modeline atfedildi
The Role of the Nakchivan (Zangezur) corridor in transportation and regional development and its international economic significance
Get PDFThis work was written to investigate how the Zangezur Corridor is an important project that supports regional development and cooperation by creating a strategic connection point between Turkey and Azerbaijan. The research method in the study is situational, and with the implementation of this project, Turkey and Azerbaijan will have the opportunity to deepen their relations both among themselves and at the regional level. The study is a mixed research method (based on quantitative and qualitative data), and if the land and/or railway line known as the Zangezur Corridor or Nakhichevan Corridor is opened to transportation, direct transportation will be provided between Azerbaijan and the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved
Fabrication of CZTS thin film on flexible Cu-foil substrate by two-stage process
Get PDFIn this research, CZTS thin films were grown on flexible Cu-foil substrates with varying sulfurization times. Distinct characterization methods were employed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), optical transmission, and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Distinctive diffraction peaks characteristic of the kesterite CZTS phase were observed in the XRD analysis, occurring around at 2?= 28.45° (112), 47° (220/204), and 56° (312/116). Additionally, some secondary phases such as Cu2S and SnS were identified. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the kesterite CZTS phase, with a prominent peak detected at approximately ~336 cm-1, attributed to sulfur atom vibrations within the kesterite structure. Apart from CZTS structure, minor peaks suggesting the presence of the Cu2SnS3 (CTS) phase was detected. EDX analysis revealed compositions with Cu-poor content and Zn-rich content across all samples, with slight variations in sulfurization dwell times affecting the chemical composition. SEM imaging at different magnifications showed alterations in surface morphology and grain structures. Films sulfurized for 30 s and 60 s displayed a granular structure morphology, while extending the dwell time to 120 s resulted in a more compact surface morphology. Optical band gap values ranged between 1.57 and 1.60 eV. PL measurements consistently exhibited strong PL emission around 1.25 eV for all samples, attributed to various transitions within the band structure of CZTS film. The absence of observable band-to-band transitions in the PL measurements indicated the presence of intrinsic defect levels and recombination centers within CZTS. Overall, it was demonstrated in this study that CZTS thin films can be produced on flexible Cu-foils with short sulfurization times, thereby expanding the application areas of CZTS thin-film solar cells
Optimization of planting density for different size mini tubers in seed potato production
Get PDFFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarımsal Genetik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıÖn elit kademe tohumluk patates üretiminde farklı irilikteki mini yumrular için tarımsal ve ekonomik açıdan en uygun dikim sıklığının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında Konya ilinde Konya Şeker A.Ş.'nin tohumluk patates üretim alanında (38.26° N 32.40° E) yürütülmüştür. Bölünen Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemelerde Lady Olympia ve Russet Burbank çeşitlerine ait üç farklı irilikteki (25.1 mm) mini yumrular, beş farklı sıra üzeri mesafesinde (10, 14, 18, 22 ve 26 cm) dikilmiştir. Araştırmada uygulamaların morfolojik ve tarımsal özellikler üzerine etkileri incelenmiş, yumru iriliklerine göre dikim sıklığının optimizasyonu için yumru verimi açısından elde edilen verilerin ekonomik analizi yapılmıştır. Her iki yılda da en yüksek verim ve net gelir çeşitlerin büyük (>25.1 mm) yumrularının sırayla 10 cm ve 14 cm sıklıklarla dikilmesi sonucu edilmiştir. En yüksek fayda maliyet oranları (BCR) Lady Olympia çeşidinde büyük (>25.1 mm) yumruların 22 ile 26 cm dikim sıklığından Russet Burbank çeşidinde ise 18 ile 22 cm dikim sıklığından elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın, tohumluk patates üreticileri ve ön elit tohumluk üretimi için faydalı ve uygulanabilir sonuçları vardır.The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal planting density for mini-tubers of different sizes in the pre-elite stage of seed potato production. The thesis study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in the seed potato production area (38.26° N 32.40° E) of Konya Şeker A.Ş. in Konya. According to the split-split plot design, mini tubers of three different sizes (25.1 mm) of Lady Olympia and Russet Burbank varieties were planted at five different row distances (10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 cm). In this study, the response of applications to morphological and agronomic traits was examined, and economic analysis of the data was obtained in terms of tuber yield to determine the optimal planting density according to tuber size. In both years, the highest yield and net income were achieved for > 25.1 mm tubers of the varieties with 10 cm and 14 cm row distances, respectively. The highest cost-benefit ratios (BCR) were obtained at a planting density of 22 to 26 cm for large (>25.1 mm) tubers in the Lady Olympia variety and at 18 to 22 cm planting density in the Russet Burbank. The findings of this study will be helpful for seed potato producers and pre-elite seed production
ESTIMATING THE HARDNESS AND ABRASION PROPERTIES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS FROM CERCHAR INDENTATION DEPTH (CID)
Get PDFThe most known and applied method for determining the abrasivity of rocks is the Cerchar Abrasivity Index (CAI). Properties of rocks such as abrasive mineral content, density, strength, and degree of cementation are the main factors affecting abrasivity, and these parameters likewise control their hardness properties. In this study, the average scratch depth formed on the rock surface after the CAI test was determined and it was investigated whether this calculated new parameter had the properties to represent the rock. Measurements were taken from four points along the scratch line formed on the surface with the help of a comparator and the average value was defined as the Cerchar Indentation Depth (CID). Measurements have shown that igneous rocks have CID values in the range of 0.01 mm-0.68 mm. Apart from the CID parameter, nine different properties (hardness, abrasivity, and physical) of fifty igneous rocks were tested. Statistically significant results were obtained by establishing relationships between CID and other rock mechanics tests. In CAI tests, it has been shown that CID measurements can be determined very sensitively if well-leveled core samples with parallel lower and upper surfaces are used. It has been determined that the CID value is directly related to the investigated rock properties and can be used as very useful experimental data in estimation studies
The potential of pumice as a litter material and its influence on growth performance, carcass parameters, litter quality traits, behavior, and welfare in broiler chickens
Get PDFThis study evaluated the possibilities of pumice (light stones) as litter material in broiler production. Experimental treatments included wood shavings (WS), acidic pumice (AP), and basic pumice (BP) alone, and in combination; wood shaving + acidic pumice (WSAP) and wood shaving + basic pumice (WSBP) in a ratio of 1:1. Two trials were performed, one in summer, and the other in winter. Each trial involved 750 mixed-sex Ross (308) broilers. Also, there were 15 replicate pens with 50 broilers and a stocking density of 12.5 birds/m(2) for each pen at the beginning of each trial. Performance, litter quality, carcass parameters, body and leg abnormalities, body temperature, fear and stress responses, proportional asymmetry, and some behavior expressions were investigated. The litter treatment influenced the final live body weight, litter moisture, ammonia concentration, footpad dermatitis, hock burn, breast blister, hot carcass yield, heart, liver, spleen, abdominal fat, wing and neck ratio, breast and back cleanliness, and the expression of dust bathing and foraging behaviors (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a seasonal effect on live body weight, feed conversion ratio, livability, litter pH, 42-day litter moisture, hot carcass yield, back cleanliness, footpad dermatitis, hock burn, footpad temperature, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and expression of pecking behavior (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). It is suggested that acidic pumice stone alone or in a mixture with wood shavings could be used as a reliable litter material, alternative to wood shavings.Nigde Omer Halisdemir UniversityNo Statement Availabl
A comparative language study on the first comments of the Quran in Turkish
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim Dalıİslam dininin en temel dayanaklarından biri olan Kur'an-ı Kerim, İslamiyet'i benimseyen bütün milletler için her zaman yol gösterici olmuştur. Karahanlılar döneminde Türkler İslamiyetle müşerref olmuştur. Bu yeni dinin yüzyıllarca sancaktarlığını yapacak olan bu necip milletin ilk işi de bu dönemde İslam'ın kutsal kitabı olan Kur'an-ı Kerim'i Türkçeye tercüme ederek anlamak ve yaşamak olmuştur. Bundan sonraki dönemde Türklerin dil ve din hayatında büyük değişimler yaşanmıştır. Özellikle İslamiyet'in bu ilk yıllarında Türkçeye yapılan tercüme ve tefsirler, Türk dili ve kültürü açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Türkçenin İslamiyet'ten önceki söz varlığını da kısmen yansıtan bu tercüme ve tefsirler yeni dinin de söz varlığını Türkçenin içine almıştır. Bu dönemde ayetlerin altına yapılan satır arası bire bir tercümeler, ayetlerdeki kelimelere Türkçe karşılıklar vermesi yönünden önemlidir. Bununla beraber ayetlerin iniş nedenlerini açıklayan, ayetlerle ilgili kıssalara yer veren ve müfessirin de yorumlarını içeren Kur'an tefsirlerinin de Türkçenin söz varlığı bakımından değeri büyüktür. Bu çalışmayla da Türkçenin farklı sahalarına ait tefsirler dil açısından incelenmiştir. Doğu Türkçesinin karakteristik özelliklerini gösteren "Doğu Türkçesi Kur'an Tefsiri" ve "Orta Asya Kur'an Tefsiri"; Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin karakteristik özelliklerini gösteren "Tercüme-i Tefsir-i Ebu'l-Leys es-Semerkandî" ve hem Doğu Türkçesinin hem de Batı Türkçesinin dil özelliklerini içinde barındıran "Karışık Dilli Kur'an Tefsiri" adlı eserler çalışmanın kaynakları olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın kaynağı olan bu tefsirlere birinci elden ulaşılamadığı için bu tefsirler üzerine yapılan yüksek lisans tezleri kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Zamanın kısıtlı olmasından dolayı da çalışmalarda geçen ortak üç sure belirlenmiş ve çalışmanın kapsamı daraltılmıştır. Daha sonra bu üç suredeki Türkçe ortak kullanımlar üzerinden tefsirler; ses, şekil bilgisi ve söz varlığı bakımından karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ortaya çıkan veriler sonuç bölümünde ses, şekil bilgisi ve söz varlığı açısından karşılaştırılmış ve çalışma, sayısal verilerle desteklenmiştir. Böylece Türkçenin zengin söz varlığına, kelime türetme ve karşılık bulma konusundaki muhteşem dil yapısına farklı sahalara ait tefsirler üzerinden tanık olunmuştur. Ayrıca bu çalışma, tercüme ve tefsir alanındaki çalışmalara katkıda bulunmuş ve karşılaştırmalı çalışmaların daha da gelişmesi ve derinleşmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tercüme, Tefsir, Kur'an-ı Kerim, Söz varlığı, Ses ve Şekil BilgisiThe Holy Quran, one of the most fundamental foundations of the Islamic religion, has always been a guide for all nations that embrace Islam. During the Karakhanid period, Turks were honored with Islam. The first act of this noble nation, who would be the standard bearer of this new religion for centuries, was to understand and live the Holy Quran, the holy book of Islam, by translating it into Turkish. In the following period, great changes took place in the language and religious life of the Turks. Especially in these early years of Islam, translations and interpretations into Turkish are of great importance for the Turkish language and culture. These translations and interpretations, which partially reflected the vocabulary of Turkish before Islam, also included the vocabulary of the new religion into Turkish. In this period, the one-to-one interlinear translations made under the verses are important as they provide Turkish equivalents to the words in the verses. In addition, Qur'an commentaries, which explain the reasons for the revelation of the verses, include stories about the verses, and include the comments of the commentator, are also of great value in terms of the vocabulary of Turkish. In this study, interpretations of different fields of Turkish were examined in terms of language. "Eastern Turkish Quran Interpretation" and "Central Asian Quran Interpretation", which show the characteristic features of Eastern Turkish; The works named "Tercüme-i Tefsir-i Ebul'Leys es-Samerkandî", which shows the characteristic features of Old Anatolian Turkish, and "Mixed Language Qur'an Tefsiri", which includes the linguistic features of both Eastern Turkish and Western Turkish, were determined as the sources of the study. Since these interpretations, which are the source of the study, could not be accessed first-hand, master's theses on these interpretations were used as sources. Due to limited time, three common surahs mentioned in the studies were determined and the scope of the study was narrowed. Then, interpretations based on common Turkish usages in these three surahs; It was discussed comparatively in terms of sound, morphology and vocabulary. The resulting data were compared in terms of phonetics, morphology and vocabulary in the conclusion section, and the study was supported by numerical data. Thus, the rich vocabulary of Turkish and its magnificent language structure in terms of word derivation and finding equivalents have been witnessed through commentaries from different fields. In addition, this study contributed to studies in the field of translation and exegesis and revealed that comparative studies need to be further developed and deepened. Keywords: Translation, Interpretation, Holy Quran, Vocabulary, Phonics and Form
Transition to the green economy and the current situation
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Maliye Ana Bilim DalıÜlkelerin ekonomik büyüme yarışına girmesinden sonra üretim ve tüketimde önemli derecede artışlar yaşanmıştır. Klasik büyüme stratejisi ile gerçekleştirilen politikalar çevrenin kirlenmesi, kuraklık, çölleşme, küresel ısınma gibi birçok sorunu da kritik derecede arttırmıştır. Çevre korunurken ekonomik büyümeden taviz verilmek istenmemesi nedeniyle alternatif büyüme yöntemlerine yönlenilmiştir. Çevreyi kirleten klasik büyümenin alternatifi ise yeşil ekonomi olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak dünyada ve Türkiye'de ekolojik kirlilik oranları incelenmiştir. Hem dünyada hem de Türkiye'de 1970'li yıllardan itibaren kirlilik düzeyleri olması gereken düzeyin üzerine çıkmış ve günümüze kadar sürekli olarak arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. İkici bölümde ise yeşil ekonominin uygulama alanlarından bahsedilmiştir. Yeşil ekonomi enerji sektörü başta olmak üzere, bina, ulaşım, üretim, turizm, teknoloji alanlarında sıklıkla kullanıma başlanmıştır. Sektörlerdeki uygulamalara ek olarak kamu politikaları da yeşil ekonomiye yönelik güncellenmiştir. Ülkelerin sıklıkla kullandıkları politika ise çevreye kirletenlere ek mali yükümlükler getirilmesidir. Ülkeler ekstra çaba ve maliyet gerçekleştirmeden kirliliği azaltmayı sağlaması ve ek gelir elde edilmesi yönünden kirlilik vergisi avantajlı olarak görülmektedirler. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise Türkiye bağlamında yeşil ekonomi endeksine yer verilmiştir. 2022 yılı yeşil ekonomi endeksi toplamda 160 ülkeyi kapsamaktadır. Türkiye 140. sırada yer alırken yapılan çalışmalar ile 136. sıraya kadar çıkmıştır. Bu yükselmeye enerji sektörüne yapılan yatırımların katkısı büyüktür. Enerji sektörü Türkiye'de en fazla karbon salınımına neden olan sektördür. Hidroelektrik, rüzgar enerjisi ve güneş enerjisi başta olmak üzere yenilenebilir enerji üretimine önem vermektedir. Türkiye hem dışa bağımlılığının önüne geçmeyi hem de karbon salınımını sıfıra indirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.After countries entered the race for economic growth, there have been significant increases in production and consumption. Policies implemented with the classical growth strategy have critically increased many problems such as environmental pollution, drought, desertification and global warming. Since it does not want to compromise on economic growth while protecting the environment, it has turned to alternative growth methods. The alternative to classical growth that pollutes the environment is seen as green economy. This study first examined ecological pollution rates in the world and in Türkiye. Both in the world and in Türkiye, pollution levels have exceeded the required level since the 1970 and have been observed to increase continuously until today. In the second chapter, the application areas of green economy are mentioned. Green economy has started to be used frequently in the energy sector, building, transportation, production, tourism and technology areas. In addition to the practices in the sectors, public policies have also been updated towards the green economy. The policy that countries frequently use is to impose additional financial obligations on those who pollute the environment. Pollution taxes are seen as advantageous as countries reduce pollution without making extra efforts and costs and generate additional income. In the last part of the study, the green economy index in the context of Türkiye is taken into account. The 2022 green economy index comprises 160 countries in total. While Türkiye was ranked 140th, it rose to 136th place with the studies carried out. Investments in the energy sector contributed greatly to this rise. The energy sector is the sector that causes the most carbon emissions in Türkiye. It attaches importance to renewable energy production, especially hydroelectricity, wind energy and solar energy. Türkiye aims to both prevent the foreig dependemcy and reduce the carbon absorptions to zero
Analysis of pupillary responses in pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency
Get PDFPurpose To evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on pupillary responses in the pediatric population. Methods The study was conducted using data from the right eyes of 52 children with vitamin D deficiency and 52 healthy children. Measurements were taken under static and dynamic conditions with automatic pupillometry. Static measurements were performed at scotopic, mesopic, and photopic light intensities. The mean pupil dilation speed was calculated by observing the changes in pupil dilation over time according to dynamic measurements. Differences between patient and control groups were analyzed for the static and dynamic measurements and the mean pupil dilation speed. Results While the two groups were similar in terms of scotopic, mesopic, the first dynamic measurements, and the pupil dilation speed data (p > 0.05), a significant difference was found in the photopic conditions (p = 0.001). The mean pupil diameter of the patient group was 4.46 +/- 0.928 mm and 3.95 +/- 0.556 mm in the control group under photopic conditions. Conclusions Pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency have significantly larger pupil diameters in photopic conditions than healthy children. These results suggest that there is an autonomic dysfunction in vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population, especially pointing to the parasympathetic system