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Replacement of soy by mealworms for livestock feed - A comparative review between soy and mealworms considering environmental aspects
Get PDFThe urgent need for sustainable alternatives to conventional livestock feed has prompted research into novel protein sources. This review paper systematically evaluates the prospect of replacing soy with mealworms in livestock feed, focusing on comprehensive comparisons of nutritional content and environmental considerations. The nutritional profiles of soy and mealworms are analyzed in terms of amino acid composition and digestibility. The total essential amino acids in mealworms are 26.02 g/100 g while in mealworms total EAA is 31.49 g/100 g. The protein content in mealworm is high (51.93 g/100 g) in comparison to soy meal (44.51 g/100 g). Environmental aspects, including deforestation, pesticide use, water consumption, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions, are scrutinized for both soy cultivation and mealworm farming.One kg of mealworm meal yields 141.3 MJ energy use, 3.8 kg CO2 equivalent for climate change, 25.6 g SO2 equivalent for acidification, 15.0 g PO4 equivalent for eutrophication, and 4.1 m2 land use. It's more potent per kg of protein than soybean or fish meal. Feasibility, scalability, and economic considerations are explored to understand the practical implications for livestock farmers. Consumer perception and regulatory frameworks are also addressed, highlighting potential challenges and strategies for acceptance. The paper concludes by synthesizing key findings and offering recommendations for stakeholders interested in the sustainable integration of mealworms into mainstream livestock agriculture. This comparative review provides a holistic understanding of the potential environmental benefits and challenges associated with replacing soy with mealworms in livestock feed.DEAL Consortium and ElsevierNo Statement Availabl
Effects of using acetylene-enriched biogas on performance and exhaust emissions of a dual fuel stationary diesel engine
Get PDFBiogas, which can be produced easily and cost effective from agricultural and animal waste, is an attractive alternative fuel to drive stationary diesel engine especially in rural areas. In this study, the effects of using acetylene enriched biogas under very lean mixture conditions in a four stroke, two cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine capable of developing 11.5 kW at 3000 rpm on performance and exhaust emissions were experimentally investigated. The experiments were carried out at 10 Nm, 20 Nm and 30 Nm torque. Acetylene flow rate of 2 slpm, biogas flow rate of 15 slpm and the engine speed of 1750 rpm were kept constant. The results showed that more than 36 % diesel substitution was possible with acetylene-enriched biogas at the specified flow rate without any degradation in normal operation. Moreover, the experimental findings revealed that the use of biogas and acetylene reduced brake thermal efficiency by 21.7 % and 5.8 % at 10 Nm and 20 Nm torque but only reduced by 0.6 % at 30 Nm torque. The exhaust gas temperature of dual fuel mode was found to be higher than the case of diesel mode especially at 20 and 30 Nm torque. While NO emission were lower, CO, and CO2 emission were higher in dual fuel mode compared to single diesel mode.The author would like to thank the officials of Erciyes University and Nigde University who contributed to the realization of this study
An investigation of sensory processing skills in toddlers with joint hypermobility
Get PDFBackground: Children with Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH) may have a motor developmental delay in the early period and subluxation, fatigue, autonomic dysfunction, and pain arising from ligaments and other soft tissues in advanced ages. Additionally, there is a loss of proprioceptive sensation in children and adults with GJH. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate sensory processing skills in toddlers with GJH. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Subjects: Fifty-eight children aged between 12 and 14 months were included in the study. These children were divided into two groups: with and without GJH (31 with GJH and 27 without GJH). Outcome measures: The sensory processing skills of the children in the study were evaluated with the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI). Results: The scores in the subtests of TSFI in response to tactile deep pressure, adaptive motor functions, visual- tactile integration, and response to vestibular stimuli were higher in favor of children without GJH (p p < 0.05). The total TSFI score was higher in the group without GJH (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Sensory processing problems were found in toddlers with GJH. Sensory motor development should be evaluated in children with GJH, and an appropriate early intervention program should be planned
Tensile behavior of functionally graded sandwich PLA-ABS produced via fused filament fabrication process
Get PDFThe study investigated the tensile behavior of Sandwich Functionally Graded Material (SFGM) fabricated using Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology experimentally and numerically. SFGMs are characterized by a gradual variation in composition and structure with respect to the forming volume from the lower and upper surfaces of the structure toward the center, resulting in a corresponding change in material properties. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), a widely used AM process, was used in the present work to fabricate the thermoplastic polymer-based SFGM specimens. SFGM were produced by the FFF method using ABS and PLA materials and subjected to tensile tests according to ASTMD638
Self presentations of individuals on social media with the feature of story sharing: The example of instagram
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmanın konusu sosyal medyada benlik sunumları üzerinedir. Çalışma, önceden çalışılmış olan sosyal medya ve sosyal medyanın bireyler üzerinde etkileri çalışmalarının doğrultusunda yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalardan farklı olarak sosyal medyada önemli ölçüde dikkat çeken Instagram uygulamasının hikaye ( story) öze göz önünde bulundurarak yeni bir çalışma yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, Instagram uygulaması üzerinde en çok takip konusu olan 5 kategori belirlenerek her bir kategoriden 10 aktif kullanıcı gözlenerek toplam 50 fenomen ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın sorunu; fenomenlerin paylaşımlarını izleyen takipçilerinin benlik değişimleri üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, fenomenlerin hayatlarına benzeyen paylaşımlarda bulunan takipçilerin yorumları, takipçilerin benlik değişimleri olduğuna dair araştırmanın sorununa destekleyici bir sonuç ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgulara bakıldığında; takipçilerin fenomenlerin paylaşımlarından etkilenerek günlük yaşamlarında bunları uyguladıklarına dair örnekler gözlemlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Medya, Fenomen, Benlik Sunumu, Hikaye Paylaşımı, Kimlik, Instagram.The subject of this study is on self-presentations on social media. Working, the effects of previously studied social media and social media on individuals have been made in line with their work. Unlike these studies, the story (story) of the Instagram application, which attracts considerable attention on social media, is a new way of considering the essence the research was carried out with a total of 50 phenomena by determining the 5 categories that are the most follow-up topics on the Instagram application and observing 10 active users from each category.The problem of research; it is built on the self-changes of the followers that follow the sharing of phenomena.The research findings reveal a supporting conclusion to the problem of the research that followers have self-changes, the comments of followers who share similar to the lives of the phenomena.With a look at the findings ; examples have been observed that followers apply them in their daily lives by being influenced by the sharing of phenomena. Keywords: Social Media, Phenomenon, Self Presentation, Story Sharing, Identity, Instagram
Trends and variability in precipitation across Turkey: a multimethod statistical analysis
Get PDFAnalyzing trends in precipitation data is crucial for understanding the effects of climate change and making informed decisions about water management and crop patterns. The objective of the presented study was to investigate precipitation trends, analyze temporal and spatial variations and identify potential change points in Turkey throughout the period from 1980 to 2019. Precipitation data were analyzed for both regional and 81 meteorological stations in Turkey on a monthly, seasonal, and annual basis. Spearman rank correlation and Mann-Kendall tests were utilized to detect possible trends and Sen's slope test to estimate the magnitude of change throughout the entire time series. The average precipitation amount of Turkey was determined 639.2 mm between the years 1980 and 2019. While Central Anatolian and Eastern Anatolian regions had below 639.2 mm, other regions were above. The range of seasonal precipitation values were found for winter 128.7-320.8 mm, 108.9-260.0 mm for spring, 43.9-109.3 mm for summer, and 79.7-238.4 mm for autumn. The analysis of the data revealed no significant increase or decrease in annual values on a regional basis, with the greatest change on a seasonal basis being observed in the winter. The 40-year trends of annual precipitation data belonging to 81 stations were decreasing in 23 provinces and increasing in 58 provinces, and 11 of them (14% of the total) were found to be statistically significant. Moreover, November was found to be a month of particular significance in terms of precipitation changes across the country, with a decrease observed in 80 out of 81 provinces. Spatial distribution analysis showed that the magnitude of variation in precipitation decreased as one moved from the southern to the northern regions of the country.The authors are gratefully acknowledged to the Turkish State Meteorological Service for sharing meteorological data used for this study.The authors are gratefully acknowledged to the Turkish State Meteorological Service for sharing meteorological data used for this study
An Investigation of Clock Gene Variations in Turkish Nannospalax Species
Get PDFBlind mole rats (Nannospalax) have become famous for their long lifespans and cancer resistance, but it is still unknown what causes them to be resistant to cancer. These animals may have a different melatonin synthesis mechanism from other creatures due to their lifestyle, which is estimated to be connected to their cancer resistance. In this study, gene variants in Clock genes Cry1, Cry2, Bmal1, Per1 and Per2, which are involved in the synthesis of melatonin in Nannospalax species living in Turkey were investigated and compared with the other organisms including Nannospalax galili, Mus musculus, Heterocephalus glaber, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapiens. In addition, it was investigated whether the detected variations have a pathogenic effect in humans. For this purpose, in vitro methods and some bioinformatics tools were employed in this DNA-based research. 29 variants in total; 11 in Per1, 7 in Per2, 2 in Cry1 and 9 in Cry2 gene, were identified, no variation was found in Bmal1 gene. Some of these variations have been found in regions where DNA repair processes for light-induced UV damage occurred. Other variations were detected in PAS domain and 5'-UTR regions, and the remaining variations were in nondomain regions of proteins. Since Clock gene variations has not been investigated in Nannospalax species, these in vitro and in silico methods may give suggestions to choose and focus on detected variations to be used for further studies.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [123Z007]; Nigde OEmer Halisdemir University [FMT 2022/7-BAGEP]This article has been derived from a PhD thesis, yet to be presented to the University, titled Tuerkiye Nannospalax tuerlerinde (Nannospalax xanthodon, Nannospalax ehrenbergi, Nannospalax leucodon) Clock Gen (Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, Bmal1) Varyasyonlar & imath;n & imath;n Ara & scedil;t & imath;r & imath;lmas & imath;. This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under Grant 123Z007 and Nigde OEmer Halisdemir University under Grant FMT 2022/7-BAGEP
The effect of combined core and respiratory muscle exercises on respiratory function
Get PDFSağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Hareket ve Antrenman Bilim DalıBu çalışmanın amacı kombine olarak uygulanan core ve aletli solunum kası egzersizlerinin solunum fonksiyonları üzerine etkisinin araştırılmıştır. Çalışmaya 13-14 yaş arasında 40 lisanslı basketbol oyuncusu katılmıştır. Katılımcılar kontrol grubu (KG), core egzersiz grubu (CG), aletli solunum kası grubu (SG) ve kombine egzersiz grubu (KEG) olarak 4 eşit gruba ayrılmıştır. Grupların hepsi çalışma boyunca düzenli basketbol antrenmanlarına devam etmiştir. Katılımcıların solunum fonksiyonları egzersizler başlamadan önce ve dört haftalık egzersizler sonrasında olmak üzere iki kez spirometre cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Farklı protokollerin (KG grubu, CG grubu, SG ve KEG grubu) sonuçlarını, ön ve son test ölçümlerini ve protokol*zaman etkileşim etkisini incelemek için, tekrarlanan ölçümler iki yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Akciğer hacim ve kapasitelerinde gruplar arası anlamlı bir fark bulunmamasına karşın, yüzdesel olarak en yüksek gelişimin maksimal inspirasyon basınç (MIP) hariç bütün parametrelerde KEG'da olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bütün gruplarda solunum parametreleri yüzdesel olarak gelişim göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, solunum kası egzersizlerinin sporcuların solunum fonksiyonlarını geliştirmede kullanılabilecek alternatif bir yöntem olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca çalışmanın aynı prosedür ve daha çok katılımcıyla yapılmasının gruplar arasındaki etkileşimin görülme ihtimalini artıracağı düşünülmektedir.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined core and instrumented respiratory muscle exercises on respiratory functions. Forty licensed basketball players aged 13-14 participated in the study. Participants were divided into four equal groups: the control group (KG), core exercise group (CG), instrumented respiratory muscle exercise group (SG), and combined exercise group (KEG). All groups continued regular basketball training throughout the study. Respiratory functions of the participants were assessed twice using a spirometer device, before the start of the exercises and after four weeks of exercises. To examine the results of different protocols (KG, CG, SG, and KEG), pre and post-test measurements, and protocol*time interaction effect, repeated measures two-way ANOVA test was employed. While there was no significant difference in lung volumes and capacities among the groups, the highest percentage improvement in all parameters except maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was observed in the KEG. Additionally, all groups showed a percentage improvement in respiratory parameters. In conclusion, respiratory muscle exercises can be considered an alternative method for improving athletes' respiratory functions. Furthermore, it is suggested that conducting the study with the same procedure and a larger sample size may increase the likelihood of observing interactions between groups
Non-contact identification of essential oils with IR sensors and analysis of components with an electronic nose
Get PDFIn this study, the odour values of rosemary, mint, black cumin, lavender, and thyme oils were determined by an electronic nose working with an Arduino microprocessor. The components of the plants were compared with the sensor data, and the most sensitive sensors were determined by sorting according to the highest components. The study data indicated that the MQ3 sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity for thyme, black cumin, and lavender oils, which contain 63% carvacrol, 38% thymoquinone, and 36% linalool, respectively. Also, MQ7 was the most sensitive sensor for menthone (68%) in mint oil and eucalyptol (45%) in rosemary oil. In addition, a low-cost and non-contact device that works with an infrared sensor has been developed to detect the identity of the oil added into the vial. The study data showed that low-cost Arduino-based IR and odour sensors can determine the identity and component percentage of oils. The fact that the developed device can detect with 100 percent accuracy even in case of peppermint and rosemary oils, which are very similar in appearance, shows that the study data will be an inspiration for contactless determination of oil quality and type
Candida albicans ve Candida parapsilosis Kompleks İzolatlarının Biyofilm Üretimi Üzerine Farnesol Etkisinin Araştırılması
Get PDFThe incidence of infections caused by Candida species has significantly increased over the past three decades. Candida albicans is commonly recognized as the primary causative agent in cases of candidiasis; however, non-albicans Candida species, including Candida parapsilosis, are also frequently defined as pathogens. Treatment -resistant infections arise as a result of biofilm formation, which is one of the effective mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Candida infections. However, the mechanisms of action of farnesol, a quorum sensing (QS) system molecule, on biofilm formation by Candida species remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the changes in the biofilm biomass of C.albicans and C.parapsilosis complex isolates in the presence of farnesol and reveal the expression of the EFG1 and BCR1 genes, which are believed to play a role in the production of QS molecules, using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. C.albicans (n= 91) and C.parapsilosis complex (n= 29) isolates obtained from different clinical samples were included in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of farnesol were determined using the broth microdilution method according to the M27 -A3 protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The biofilm biomass of the isolates was examined without farnesol and at the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol. Changes in the expression of the biofilm-associated EFG1 and BCR1 genes were investigated using qRT-PCR. According to the results of the study, the MIC values of farnesol were detected in the range of 1-2 mM in 82.4% (n= 75) of the C.albicans isolates and in the range of 0.5-1 mM in 72.4% (n= 21) of the C.parapsilosis complex isolates. Of the C.albicans isolates, 27 (29.7%) exhibited a strong biofilm formation and 58 (63.7%) demonstrated a weaker biofilm formation, while these rates were 34.4% (n= 10) and 62.1% (n= 18), respectively, for the C.parapsilosis complex isolates. At the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations, farnesol was observed to reduce biofilm biomass among C.albicans (n= 24, 88.9%) and C.parapsilosis complex (n= 8, 80.0%) isolates that formed strong biofilms and observed to increase biofilm biomass among those that formed weak biofilms [60.3% (n= 35) and 55.6% (n= 10), respectively]. On completion of the qRT-PCR analysis supporting the results of the biofilm experiment, it was determined that the expressions of the EFG1 and BCR1 genes decreased at the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol among the strong biofilm-forming C.albi- cans and C.parapsilosis complex isolates, but there was an increase in gene expressions among the weak biofilm-forming isolates. In addition to the antifungal effect of farnesol on Candida species, this study provided data on the efficacy of the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol against Candida biofilm biomass. Although our results suggest that farnesol can be used as an alternative agent to reduce biofilm formation in Candida infections, they need to be supported by further studies. Moreover, this research has significance as it represents the first study to determine the EFG1 and BCR1 gene expressions among C.parapsilosis complex isolates in the presence of farnesol