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Accessibility for Transgender People to Thrive
No full textThis work is part memoir and part manifesto, with poetry and academia weaved through like the threads of fate. In it is the everyday culture in our society, identity and the attack upon it for Transgender people, and our communities. The voice in this piece is not just the author's alone, it is a whole community together, because it took the community to build the author. This piece is a call to society to learn, educate, and accept. It is for accessibility, it is for living, it is for thriving as a Transgender person. Here you will read the authors personal experiences, learn about the actions the author has taken part of, and see how the state of Ohio affects the Transgender community. The House Bills 245 and 183 will be spoken of, and what they actually mean to the community. This piece is a protest.No embargoAcademic Major: Comparative Studie
Reading and Responding to Translingual Picturebooks
No full textEducation and Human Ecology: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Advanced Research Forum)This paper reports on a descriptive qualitative case study involving translingual picturebooks and their use in elementary schools. The data for this case study was collected as part of a doctoral dissertation. The broader context of the study exists within the potential for linguistically diverse children’s literature to influence young readers’ language ideologies, awareness, and curiosity; however, the particular focus of this paper is on the educator’s approaches to reading linguistically diverse children’s literature to elementary students and their own underlying language ideologies. This study combines two theoretical perspectives to design a framework through which to investigate the research questions. The first perspective is known as readers response or transactional theory and the second is translanguaging. One video of the educator reading aloud the picturebook Hauraki Broo by Nikki Slade Robinson was analyzed for this paper. Though the entire case study's rich data set provides numerous avenues for analysis, one salient area of discussion that arose during read-alouds of translingual picturebooks involved the pronunciation of non-English words. The data revealed numerous instances of hesitation and inhibitions when the educator came across a non-English word during their read-alouds. In particular, five different approaches to pronunciation were employed by the educator while reading one page of Hauraki Broo, which incorporated three Māori words within the English text. The focus on translingual picturebooks in this research can help educators begin to recognize characteristics of linguistic pluralism in books and the results can prepare educators to effectively incorporate more linguistic pluralism in their curriculum and make discerning choices about the translingual books they read.A five-year embargo was granted for this item
Characterizing Cancer Mutational Signatures using Computational Approaches
Get PDFCancers are characterized by accumulation of genetic mutations in key cell cycle regulators that alter or disable the function of these genes. Such mutations can be inherited or arise spontaneously during the life of the individual. The MEN1 gene prevents uncontrolled cell division and it is considered a tumor suppressor. Inherited MEN1 mutations are associated with certain parathyroid and pancreatic syndromes while spontaneous mutations have been detected in cancer cells. We investigated whether inherited mutations appear in cancer cells which would suggest that patients with parathyroid and pancreatic syndromes have a predisposition to develop cancer. Moving on, thousands of cancer genomes are now publicly available which has led to new insights into identification of mutational signatures at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. Here, we discuss C > T transitions as a key nucleotide-level mutational signature that leads to a dramatic overrepresentation of arginine substitutions in cancers. Beyond small-scale mutational signatures, we also explored the impact of chromosomal instability and large-scale mutations like copy number variations (CNVs) in DNA damage repair. We find a weak correlation between the spectrum of inherited mutations and those appearing spontaneously. Thus, inherited MEN1 mutations may not be a good predictor of tumorigenesis. We also propose that the underlying C > T mutational signature canalizes possible arginine substitution outcomes, favoring histidine, cysteine, glutamine, and tryptophan. This initial asymmetry is then acted on at the amino acid level by purifying selection. Thus, a model of “sequential selection” could explain the documented bias towards arginine substitutions in multiple cancers. Our investigation also reveals that mutations in RAD52, CTIP, and PRMT5 lead to intrachromosomal deletions affecting cell cycle enzymes, shows significant correlations among various gene interactions during DNA damage repair. By using computational methods, we are able to consolidate and find new associations and patterns in cancer signatures can be identified to obtain a more holistic map of cancer driver mechanisms.Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center Pelotonia Undergraduate fellowshipNIH grant (R03CA252498-01A1) to Dr. R.C. PetreacaJames and Ellen Bazzoli (donation to sponsor laboratory space)The Barry Goldwater FellowshipNo embargoAcademic Major: Biomedical Scienc
Phosphorylation State Modulates Role of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein in Viral Replication
No full textSARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded betacoronavirus. Significant progress has been made in understanding the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. The Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is responsible for viral RNA (vRNA) packaging, plays a vital role in replication and transcription, and is associated with viral replication-transcription complexes. N protein contains a conserved Ser-Arg (SR)-rich disordered linker between its two structured domains, which is a known site of phosphorylation by multiple host kinases; modification is proposed to regulate its function during infection. Phosphorylated N protein has been proposed to participate in viral transcription while non-phosphorylated N protein packages gRNA into new virions. However, little is known about N protein binding specificity to nucleic acids, and how it is modulated by phosphorylation. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of vRNA has conserved secondary structures that are necessary for vRNA replication. We used RNA constructs derived from the SARS-CoV-2 5' UTR containing either stem loops (SLs) 1-4, SL5, or SL1-5, as well as HIV-1 derived RNAs. We also prepared phosphomimetic N protein mutants with 3 Ser/Thr to Asp mutations in the N-terminal region of the SR linker (3xD1) or the C-terminal region (3xD2), as well as a variant with all 6 positions mutated (6xD). Fluorescence anisotropy (FA) direct binding experiments and FA salt-titration binding assays were used to compare salt dependence and binding specificity among non-phosphorylated wild-type and mutant proteins. Trypsin time course digestion was utilized to analyze structural differences between wild-type and mutant proteins as well. Direct binding assays showed that phosphomimetic mutants and non-phosphorylated N protein have high-affinity binding (low nM Kd’s) to all RNAs tested. The non-phosphorylated N protein bound with similar specificity to all SARS2 and HIV-1 RNAs tested with a strong non-electrostatic component. The 6xD phosphomimetic N protein mutant displayed high selectivity for SARS2 RNAs and bound primarily electrostatically with HIV-1 RNAs. The location of the phosphomimetic mutations determined whether binding was primarily electrostatic (3xD1) or hydrophobic in nature (3xD2). Overall, this data supports the conclusion that the location of phosphorylation within the SR linker of SARS-CoV-2 N protein modulates its structure and binding to RNA.National Institute of Health (NIH)A three-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Biochemistr
Dietary Intake of Red and Orange Vegetables in Pregnancy: Comparison with Dietary Guidelines for Americans
No full textBackground: National data indicate that many pregnant women do not consume the recommended amount of red/orange vegetables for a healthy diet during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to characterize dietary patterns of red and orange vegetables, and their associated nutrients (vitamin A, vitamin C, potassium, and fiber) across pregnancy, relative to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations and examine the relationship of red and orange vegetable intake with weight gain across pregnancy.
Theoretical framework: The Developmental Origin of Health and Disease framework guided this research.
Methods: This prospective secondary analysis included a convenience sample of nulliparous pregnant women (n=58) derived from a parent study examining the relationship between dietary intake and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The participants were prospectively recruited from communities in the Midwest in the first trimester of pregnancy. Demographic data were self-reported. Dietary intake was estimated in each trimester of pregnancy using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) documenting intake of individual food items (n=58) with typical servings (e.g., 1 cup winter squash, 1 medium tomato) and frequency of consumption (e.g., per day, week, month) consumed over the past 3 months with frequency of consumption converted to daily intake/servings. The typical dietary intake of red/orange vegetables, vitamin A, vitamin C, fiber, and potassium across the previous 3 months was determined. Weight across pregnancy was derived from medical record data extraction and BMI was calculated. Descriptive statistics (mean + SD), frequencies, and percentages were used to describe variables of interest. Repeated measures ANOVAs average intake across trimesters. Differences between dietary intake in pregnancy and the relationship with gestational weight gain (GWG) were determined by Fisher Exact tests. Significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: The majority of the participants did not meet DGA guidelines for red/orange vegetables, (5.17%, 6.9%, and 10.53% in trimesters 1,2, and 3 respectively) but met recommendations for potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intake because other sources of food are high in these components. Women who consumed the recommended amount of red/orange vegetables in just one of the three trimesters of pregnancy (p=0.02) and specifically in the third trimester (p=0.02) were more likely to achieve the recommended GWG.
Conclusions: In this study, women who consumed optimal red and orange vegetable dietary intake were more likely to experience healthy weight gain during their pregnancy. Women in the third trimester who consumed adequate intake of red and orange vegetables were more likely to achieve GWG. Optimal red and orange vegetable intake can support a healthy weight gain for pregnant women.A five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Nursin
Implementation of a Nurse Manager Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Leadership Course
No full textBackground: Evidence-based practice (EBP) correlates with improved patient outcomes. Leadership has been identified as a critical barrier or facilitator when translating evidence into practice. However, nurse managers are not required to complete EBP leadership training at the project site.
Objective: The purpose of the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) initiative was to create and measure the impact of a 4-hour educational offering on EBP leadership effectiveness.
Methods: The Nurse Manager Leadership Competencies to Support Evidence-based Practice (EBP) Self-Assessment Tool developed by Caramanica et al. (2022) was used to measure nurse manager leadership competencies in supporting clinicians use of EBP. Nurse manager participants (n=10) completed an immediate pre-intervention self-assessment with an immediate post-intervention comparison.
Outcomes: Nurse manager self-assessment ratings increased in 21 of the 22 nurse manager leadership competencies. The largest positive changes in self-assessment ratings were realized in statements regarding the nurse manager’s role in enabling EBP, championing EBP projects, prioritizing EBP projects to align with the organization's goals, and providing staff access to EBP education.A five-year embargo was granted for this item
CIL 6.35983 – Epitaph for Octavia Primigenia, set up by her son, Gaetulicus, 2nd-3rd century CE
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Investigating the Effect of Astrocytes and PDGFB Expression on Breast Cancer Tumorspheres Using 3D In Vitro Models
No full textBreast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in females. Triple-negative BC (TNBC), is a subtype of BC, often metastasizes to the brain leading to difficulties in treatments due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) resulting in low survival rates. Thus, the development of a 3D in vitro biomimetic model is critical for the exploration of mechanisms aiding BCBM. Astrocytes contribute to tumor progression and express the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), which has also been found to contribute to BCBM. Here, we utilize a 3D collagen 1 (Col 1) - hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel model developed and validated by Winter Lab (Cui et al.) to mimic the brain TME. Aim 1 was to investigate BC tumorsphere growth and migration in the presence of astrocytes. Aim 2 was to investigate BC tumorsphere growth and migration with BC cells not expressing and overexpressing PDGFB with and without astrocytes. We found the presence of astrocytes and PDGFB expression decreased the sphere size and migration capacity of BC tumorspheres. The presence of astrocytes dispersed around BC tumorspheres resulted in the recruitment of astrocytes to the tumorsphere surface and differences in migration patterns and collagen remodeling were observed when BC tumorspheres were in the presence of astrocytes. Overall, the findings indicate the presence of astrocytes and PDGFB expression results in decreased migratory capabilities of BC cells.Undergraduate Research ScholarshipA three-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Biomedical Engineerin
Characterizing the indoor microbiome in an unoccupied house used for research
Get PDFApproximately 90% of our time spent is within the indoor environment where we are exposed to a diverse indoor microbiome. This indoor microbiome is influenced by a variety of factors, but especially ventilation, geographic location, and occupants. Occupancy can change both indoor bacterial and fungal communities in a home. Often, unoccupied homes (also known as “test houses”) are used to study processes that occur in indoor spaces. However, we need to better understand how well the indoor microbiome of an unoccupied test house might represent a standard occupied home, and therefore how well it might be used to study processes in the indoor environment. This study intends to evaluate the microbiome before and after ozone/smoke exposure in an unoccupied test home while comparing it to the composition of bacteria and fungi from undamaged, occupied homes across the continental United States. Smoke and ozone were injected into an unoccupied home located in Gaithersburg, Maryland, and dust was collected from the entire home before (n=2) and after (n=1) these perturbations. Homes across the United States (n=9) that were used for comparison were also vacuumed to retrieve dust. All dust samples were extracted, quantified with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sequenced. From this experiment, the fungal concentrations of occupied home samples were significantly higher compared to the test home, and there were significant differences between Shannon diversity. Epicoccum was the most abundant genus for all test house samples and five of the nine occupied home samples, and there were variations among genera and ecological niches. Gram-negative bacteria dominated the test house samples, and overall were more diverse than the mycobiome. This study did not allow for us to assess viability. This suggests that occupancy and home use play a vital role in the indoor microbiome. Future directions may include increasing the number of dust samples from test homes, along with studying viability and function before and after smoke/ozone exposure.A one-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Public Healt