62021 research outputs found
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Non-viral Direct Cell Reprogramming Methods Aiming to Rescue Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
No full textTravel Awardee: College of Medicine Trainee Research Day (April 2024)Travel Awardee: Preventative Health of Adipose Tissue Symposium (April 2024)1st place poster presentation: Engineering in Healthcare Symposium (January 2024)1st place overall 3-Minute Thesis: College of Medicine Annual Education Symposium (January 2024)Audience choice 3-Minute Thesis: College of Medicine Annual Education Symposium (January 2024)Honorable Mention: BMES Engineering Endocrine Tissue (October 2023)Allogenic islet transplantation is the current gold standard cell therapy to treat patients with severe type I diabetes. However, its implementation is limited due to a lack of donor tissue, its invasive nature, and the requirement for patients to take immunosuppressants for the remainder of their lives following treatment. To address these limitations, we primarily investigated a novel method to directly reprogram fibroblasts into induced β cells. We delivered plasmid DNA encoding for a unique combination of three skin plasticity and seven β cell patterning transcription factors (3SP+7βC) to dermal fibroblasts and skin tissue using bulk electroporation (in vitro), nanoelectroporation (in vitro), or tissue nanotransfection (in vivo). Mouse embryonic fibroblasts transfected with the 3SP+7βC combination demonstrated increased insulin 1 and insulin 2 gene expression by day 14 compared to control. Moreover, these populations of mouse embryonic fibroblasts transfected with the 3SP+7βC combination stained positive for the insulin protein. In vivo studies suggest upregulated insulin gene expression, as well as acute glycemic control rescue, and are currently ongoing. Further experiments are still needed to explore the extent of induced β cell reprogramming and the glycemic control that can be driven by the delivery of unique transcription factors using electroporation-based methods. However, this study explores a step towards providing an alternative cell source to treat, and potentially cure, the lack of insulin causing homeostatic glucose imbalance in type I diabetes. Success here has potential to greatly improve diabetic patients' quality of life and relieve the financial burden faced by patients as they monitor type I diabetes throughout their lives. These improvements would also lower the financial burden faced by healthcare systems due to decreased demands for type 1 diabetes related micro-, and macrovascular disease treatments.The President's Research Excellence Program Catalyst Grant: PG105017The Ohio State University Second-year Transformational Experience Program (STEP)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering: DP1DK126199National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering: DP2EB028110A five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Biomedical Scienc
Enhancing Computer Assisted Provider Documentation Software Usage and Adoption: An Evidence-based Quality Improvement Initiative
No full textBackground: Many providers describe the clinical documentation clarification process as painstaking, leading some healthcare organizations to purchase technological solutions such as computer-assisted provider documentation software to combat these issues. This solution assists providers with compliant documentation while reducing provider burden and improving documentation quality. However, despite these benefits, provider usage and adoption is low.
Purpose: This quality improvement initiative aimed to identify and implement an evidence-based strategy to enhance acute care provider computer-assisted provider documentation usage and adoption. Project: A comprehensive literature search identified seventeen relevant articles. The pertinent evidence informed compiling of a six-component strategy, which addresses commitment to success, marketing and awareness, technical readiness, training and enablement, data monitoring, and program sustainability during software deployment at three sites. At eight weeks post-deployment, usage and adoption was evaluated and compared to historical data from 19 comparator sites representing acute care academic and community facilities across 10 states. The three implementation sites were similar with 342 to 544 acute care beds. Findings: The three deployment sites demonstrated a 38.07% lower average view rate, a 23.09% higher average resolve, and a 55.91% higher documentation rates than the comparator sites. Conclusions: Findings suggest that an evidence-based implementation strategy can support better computer-assisted provider documentation adoption metrics, i.e. resolve and documentation rates. Additional assessments are needed to determine the strategy’s effect on the view rate, as a technical defect affected the results. Despite this defect, the strategy may be of keen interest to teams working to increase usage and adoption of computer-assisted provider documentation and related healthcare software.A three-year embargo was granted for this item
Major depressive disorder, drug use complicating pregnancy, and preterm birth: An analysis of independent and interdependent effects
No full textBackground. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal death. Major depressive disorder and prenatal drug use have each been linked to heightened risk for preterm birth. However, the two commonly co-occur, making it difficult to isolate their effects, which is pertinent to optimizing healthcare interventions. Therefore, using data from a large, diverse prenatal cohort, we investigated these variables independently and interdependently in the prediction of preterm birth. Methods. Using a retrospective cohort design, we analyzed 18,042 de-identified medical records from a large Midwestern academic medical center. ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes identified individuals with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and/or drug use complicating pregnancy. Preterm births were identified according to the estimated and actual date of birth in the medical record. Logistic regression models first examined each predictor independently. Next, an interaction term was included. Results. The sample was an average age of 29 (SD 5.7) and primarily White (60.1%). When examined independently, major depressive disorder (OR 1.13, 95%CI 0.995-1.277) and drug use (OR 1.23, 95%CI 0.997-1.529) were both marginally but not significantly associated with greater odds of preterm birth. However, we also identified a significant interaction between major depressive disorder and drug use in estimating the odds of preterm birth. Specifically, among individuals without major depressive disorder, drug use was associated with greater odds of preterm birth (OR 1.388, 95%CI 1.092-1.765). Similarly, among individuals without drug use, major depressive disorder was associated with greater odds of preterm birth (OR 1.159, 95%CI 1.019-1.318). Neither variable was associated with odds of preterm birth among individuals with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder that also engaged in drug use (OR 0.895, 95%CI 0.562-1.425). Conclusions. Findings add to literature that has primarily focused on the independent effects of major depressive disorder and drug use on odds of preterm birth. The identification of an interaction between the two variables in the prediction of preterm birth reinforces the complicated nature of the risk factors and the syndrome of preterm birth. Future research should aim to clarify the mechanisms linking these exposures to birth timing by directly measuring hypothesized biological mediators.College of Public Health Honors CommitteeUndergraduate Research ScholarshipA five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Public Healt
Sex, Celibacy, and Deviance: The Victorians and the Song of Songs
No full text"Love is God" : Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy -- Violence, eroticism, and art : Edward Burne-Jones and Phoebe Anna Traquair -- Celibacy, sisterhoods, and women's poetry : Augusta Theodosia Drane and Christina Rossetti -- Queer hands, bodies, and masculinities : Simeon Solomon and John Gray -- "Stronger than death" : Michael Field and the culture of death.Item embargoed for five year
The Perception of the Spanish front mid-vowel e by L2 learners of Spanish with L1 English
No full textIn many Spanish classrooms, the diphthongization of Spanish [e] by L1 (first language) English speakers is widely noted, anecdotally speaking. An example is the pronunciation of the last syllable of interesante as [ei̯] instead of [e]. In Spanish, the monophthong /e/ and diphthong /ei̯/ are contrastive and produce meaning distinctions (for example, pena ‘shame’ vs. peina ‘(s)he brushes’). Unlike in Spanish, however, English [e] is only ever realized as the diphthong [ei̯]. Note that the English diphthong [ei̯] is shorter in length than Spanish [ei̯], hence the difference in notation. Besides [ei̯], English also has the mid-vowel [ɛ]. This study intends to explore the acquisition processes and developmental stages involved in mid-vocoid perception in Spanish from the beginner to advanced levels of second language (L2) acquisition. It looks to build on previous work on the acquisition of the Spanish vocoids [e] and [ei̯]. While no collected data is featured in this thesis, this research project is ongoing. The data collection stage will take place as soon as possible. The research team that collaborated on this study plans to implement this methodology in the near future to address its proposed research questions.No embargoAcademic Major: Spanis
The Impact of Years of Nursing Experience on Implicit Bias in Pain Management Decisions Among Registered Nurses: A Secondary Analysis
No full textBackground:
Implicit bias research has been conducted since the 1930s in many areas, including healthcare. Implicit bias is a belief about a group that is not typically recognized by the individual. Nurses have similar levels of implicit bias to the general population, but theirs may have adverse effects on their patients, such as decreased communication, decreased pain management, and diminished nurse-patient therapeutic relationship.
Purpose:
What has not been as widely researched is the effect that years of nursing experience has on implicit bias. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of differences in years of nursing experience on implicit biases among Registered Nurses (RNs).
Methods:
This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional descriptive study that used a series of four vignettes describing a patient’s experience with pain. Participants were randomized to one of two surveys that differed only in the race of the patient in the vignette. An online survey was used to collect demographic data and responses to the vignettes from participants at four academic medical centers. Participants included RNs who work on medical, surgical, emergency, and critical care floors at one of the medical centers. There were no restrictions on years of experience.
Results:
443 nurses were included in this secondary analysis. The majority identified as white and female. The questions were analyzed by vignette. Two of five questions examined showed a correlation between years of experience and implicit bias. The other three questions showed no difference in the biases shown between nurses with less than or more than ten years of experience.
Conclusions:
The results show no convincing correlation between years of experience and implicit racial bias. There were not enough significant differences seen between nurses with less than ten years of experience and nurses with more than ten years of experience to conclude that years of experience affects implicit bias. The two questions showing a correlation were from the same vignette involving a middle-aged female patient and could be caused by other factors such as gender or age bias, rather than racial bias. The study is limited by a small sample size, especially when considering the sample of black RNs.A five-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Nursin
Sport-Related Injuries over the Life Course: Risk Factors and Trends
Get PDFSports are popular in the US due to perceived physical, mental, and social benefits. However, sport-related injuries continue to be a common and worrisome phenomenon as participation increases. The purpose of this study is to use data from the National Sports and Society Survey (N=3,993) to identify links between sport participation patterns and their respective risks for developing sport-related injuries. Participation patterns of interest include whether or not an organized sport was played over and beyond playing a sport regularly, duration of play, number of sports played, level of competition experienced, and the amount of violence in sports played. Logistic and ordinary least squares regressions are used to analyze the relationships between sport participation patterns, both through childhood and adulthood participation, and the likelihood, and number, of any sport injuries and serious sport injuries. Results show that playing a sport regularly while growing up increases the risk of injury and serious injury. In addition, participating in an organized sport further increases the odds of developing injuries and serious injuries. A greater number of sports played, along with higher levels of competition, and durations in sport settings, are positively correlated with injury risks. Lastly, playing more violent sports leads to increased serious injury risks. Findings from this study can be used to provide insight into the risks of sport participation and how to more safely experience sports in order to enhance enjoyment and possibilities of long term participation throughout the life course.No embargoAcademic Major: Biolog
The Effects of Yoga on College Students
Get PDFMy research asks, “How can Yoga effect college students mentally and physically throughout a semester?” This study analyzed how Yoga can help manage stress in challenging times, particularly midterms and finals week. My reasoning for researching this topic was to understand why college students decided to enroll in Yoga, will continue the practice in the future and should Yoga be implemented more into college schedules to help with mental stress. I distributed two Qualtrics surveys to participants during the Autumn 2023 semester, the first survey was distributed during midterm week and the second survey during finals week. The first survey asked about previous yoga experience, reasons for enrolling in Yoga, and if participants experienced any change mentally or physically since being in the class. The second survey included questions geared towards their overall experience with Yoga and whether they would be enrolling in Yoga for the previous following? semester. Both surveys included multiple choice and short answer options for participants to write about their observation and experience within the Yoga class. The first survey showed that most participants had a general understanding of the practice of Yoga, with one participant taking the class to get her Yoga certification. Participants enjoyed the environment that Yoga provided and the ability to have “designated time to focus on myself and relax.” The final survey resulted in most participants content with their choice of taking Yoga and finding a comfortable flow, when asked how yoga has helped them mentally one participant stated “Yoga has helped me relax. It takes my mind off of the worries and stress of school. I am able to zone out and focus on my mental and physical well-being. This has allowed for a more calm semester.” In conclusion, participants felt that Yoga was beneficial to their stressful semester and would utilize Yoga aspects of breathing and meditation to improve their mental and physical health.No embargoAcademic Major: Danc
Harm Prevention and Systems of Care for Haitian Migrant Women Facing Interpersonal and Intimate Partner Violence
Get PDFAs forced displacement and mass migration events continue to grow globally, it is important to look at how these migrant communities are supported in their new homes. Nativist resentment in the form of xenophobia overlaps with racial discrimination to hyper-marginalize migrant communities. Such hostilities exacerbate existing stressors inherent to migrant communities and contribute to the prevalence of predictive stressors of intimate partner- and interpersonal violence. Focusing on the growing Haitian migrant community in Springfield, Ohio, I look at how systems of support and care act as harm prevention systems that positively impact the whole of the Haitian migrant community, and by extension reduce the predictive stressors that lead to such violence. I first establish an overview of Haitian culture and the history of their repeated forced displacement. Then, I provide context on the legal precarities of documentation status, and the hesitation this may cause in accessing care in cases of intimate partner- or interpersonal violence. Finally, I explore the community-based, inter-organizational work being done to create harm prevention systems and generate avenues of self-sustainability for the Haitian migrants in Springfield.No embargoAcademic Major: Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studie
