62021 research outputs found
Sort by
Staying the Course or Charting a New Path? An Examination of Therapist Options When Working with Low Engaging Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression, a substantial portion of CBT patients still do not achieve positive therapeutic outcomes. Those who engage less with homework are especially at risk (Kazantzis & Shinkfield, 2007). When early engagement is low, a therapist might persist in using the same basic approach or change to a new approach. There is limited evidence to guide therapists in selecting between these options. To address this issue, we examine use of persistence versus changing approach strategies in differentiating sessions followed by high or low homework engagement among patients who had shown more limited engagement in early sessions.
Methods: Drawing data from a clinical trial of two variants of CBT for depression (N = 150), we focus on a relatively low-engaging subset of 80 participants (53.3%) who reported homework engagement below the 75th percentile across sessions 2, 3, and 4. For each of these participants, observers rated two subsequent sessions, selecting for being followed by relatively high or low engagement for each patient. Using a 6-item scale designed for this study, six raters coded the extent to which therapists continued using previously used strategies or tried new strategies in these sessions. Three scores were derived from the 6-item scale, an overall score and two subscale scores.
Results: Observer-raters' judgements of the therapist approach to homework assignment exhibited poor reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) < 0.5). Considerable caution is warranted for any findings obtained with these ratings. A paired t-test of sessions followed by low and high engagement revealed a significant difference in the overall score, with sessions preceding high engagement being characterized by both greater persistence and less change of approach. A similar analysis examining overall scores as a predictor in a model of session type was not significant. Additional analyses failed to support either specific subscale in differentiating or predicting session type.
Discussion: Although caution is warranted, one finding suggests that the therapist approach of flexibly persisting with the assignment of homework may promote greater homework engagement. Given the challenges with low reliability of the observer ratings, we take this finding as leaving open the possibility that flexible persistence (or not changing approach) may predict homework more robustly in future research. Future research is needed to inform how therapeutic approach can best promote homework engagement when working with low engaging patients.No embargoAcademic Major: Psycholog
CargoLock
No full textIn the realm of military medevac, where urgency is the heartbeat, Cargolock emerges as an innovative solution, streamlining stretcher-fastening procedures during critical operations. Conceived in response to the inefficiencies of traditional methods, Cargolock is a testament to the dedication of medical personnel on the battlefield, recognizing the imperative of swift and effective care delivery.
The journey from beginning to what you see today was an exciting process. What started as learning about litters and trying to redesign them, translated into ideas centered around the idea of military transportation. Not the vehicles, but the human-to-human transportation that occurs. As I learned more and more I found it wasn’t the vehicles and devices that were interesting, but the relationships that humans have with these means of transportation. It all accumulated into the safety, security, and speed of the current securing process for attaching litters to aircraft cargo floors.
Cargolock is a purpose-built system for simplicity, speed, and reliability, seamlessly integrating with standard military stretchers. Its intuitive design ensures a swift and secure connection to the cargo plane floor, redirecting critical minutes towards life-saving interventions. Crafted from robust materials and featuring a user-friendly interface, Cargolock stands as a beacon of efficiency in the chaos of medevac scenarios. It is more than a device; it's a lifeline, amplifying the commitment to ensuring the swift and secure evacuation of the wounded from the frontline to advanced medical facilities.The Ohio State UniversityBattelleNo embargoAcademic Major: Industrial Desig
Investigating the effect of phosphomimetic mutations of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein on viral RNA binding
No full textInnovations in Medicine (The Ohio State University Denman Undergraduate Research Forum)SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded betacoronavirus. Significant progress has been made in understanding the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. The Nucleocapsid protein (Np) is responsible for viral RNA (vRNA) packaging, plays a vital role in replication and transcription and is associated with viral replication-transcription complexes. Np contains a conserved Ser-Arg (SR)-rich disordered linker between its two structured domains, which is a known site of phosphorylation by multiple host kinases; modification is proposed to regulate its function during infection. Phosphorylated Np has been proposed to participate in viral transcription while non-phosphorylated Np packages gRNA into new virions. However, little is known about Np binding specificity to nucleic acids, and how it is modulated by phosphorylation. The 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of vRNA has conserved secondary structures that are necessary for vRNA replication. We used RNA constructs derived from the SARS-CoV-2 5’UTR containing either stem loops (SLs) 1-4, SL5, or SL1-5, as well as HIV-1 derived RNAs. We also prepared phosphomimetic Np mutants with 3 Ser/Thr to Asp mutations in the N-terminal region of the SR linker (3D1) or the C-terminal region (3D2), as well as a variant with all 6 positions mutated (6D). Direct binding experiments using fluorescence anisotropy (FA) and FA salt-titration binding assays were used to compare salt dependence and binding specificity among non-phosphorylated wild-type and mutant proteins. Trypsin time course digestion was utilized to analyze structural differences between wild-type and mutant proteins as well. Direct binding assays showed that phosphomimetic mutants and non-phosphorylated Np have high-affinity binding (low nM Kd’s) to all RNAs tested. The non-phosphorylated Np protein bound with similar specificity to all SARS and HIV-1 RNAs tested with a strong non-electrostatic component. The 6D phosphomimetic Np mutant displayed high selectivity for SARS RNAs and bound primarily electrostatically with HIV-1 RNAs. The location of the phosphomimetic mutations determined whether binding was primarily electrostatic (3D1) or hydrophobic in nature (3D2). Overall, this data supports the conclusion that the location of phosphorylation within the SR linker of SARS-CoV-2 Np modulates its structure and binding to RNA.A three-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Biochemistr
An Attentional Serial Reaction Time Task
Get PDFThe brain has the ability to filter and prioritize a cacophony of often extraneous visual stimuli via a mechanism called attention. Traditionally, attention is thought to be guided by either a goal-driven mechanism (top-down, supported by fronto-parietal brain networks) or a stimulus-driven mechanism (bottom-up, supported by visual networks). However, recent work has highlighted a type of attention that does not fit within this dichotomy: one driven by prior experience (i.e., selection history) that can be characterized as a habit, inflexible, insensitive to outcome devaluation, and automatic. Serial reaction time studies have demonstrated these properties; however, this type of task relies largely on motor learning. Contextual cueing studies have also displayed the learning of associations between responses and contexts, however these fail to display the effect on an individual level. For the present study, we developed a behavioral task with spatial-temporal demands to probe habit-like attention. Participants were tasked with making decisions about stimuli that appeared in blocks alternating between learned and novel locations. We implemented an altered version of the sequence to test the perseveration of the attentional habit in which participants completed a shorter version of the main task, but the last location of the learned sequence was changed. Finally, we assessed participants’ knowledge of the learned sequence with a short post-test that asked them to predict the next location of the image in the sequence. Our results indicated strong significant reaction time and accuracy effects for the learned compared to the random sequence, supporting the idea of sequentially guided attention. Participants appeared to possess explicit knowledge of the learned sequence, challenging the inclusion of implicitness as a criterion for attentional habits. The altered sequence demonstrated a significant difference in reaction time between critical and non-critical trials. However, this was not the case for accuracy. Future directions include the implementation of the task using a more complex learned sequence and a more highly powered reversal task.Undergraduate Research ScholarshipEdward M. Alkire Research AwardNational Eye InstituteNo embargoAcademic Major: Psycholog
Investigating the Impact of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Upper Extremity Motor Function for Patients Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review
Get PDFPoster Division: Biological & Health Sciences: 3rd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Advanced Research Forum)Background: Stroke continues to be a leading cause of disability in the United States largely due to unilateral motor deficits which create a significant barrier to daily functional abilities. Several therapists in the outpatient rehabilitation setting utilize various motor retraining interventions such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation; however, these interventions may be missing a crucial component in motor recovery: somatosensory stimulation. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) provides constant sub-motor threshold stimulation that helps the brain reintegrate crucial information regarding the tactile sensation and the body’s position in space via the afferent pathway.
Objective: To investigate the impact of upper extremity (UE) TENS on motor recovery outcomes in patients in the subacute to chronic stages of stroke recovery.
Search Method: Pre-selected search terms were entered into various peer-reviewed research databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and SCOPUS. Articles from each search were imported into a reference manager where all duplicates were removed.
Selection Criteria: Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed, randomized control trials conducted with adult post-stroke patients in the subacute to chronic stages in the outpatient rehabilitation setting utilizing UE TENS as the primary intervention.
Data Extraction and Analysis: Two reviewers independently voted to include/exclude each article, and conflicts were resolved by a third independent reviewer. Each included article was assessed for methodological quality and individual risk of bias. Finally, the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation were determined by evaluating each outcome across studies.
Results: Of 1422 studies screened, 6 randomized control trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present review. Each of the studies paired UE TENS with a version of task- specific training. All but one study found a significant difference between experimental and control groups for at least one of the UE motor function outcomes measured, favoring the TENS group(s). Of the 6 included studies, 2 were assigned a 2a level of evidence, and the remaining 4 were assigned a 2b level of evidence. 5 of the studies received an overall rating of low risk of bias and 1 study received an overall rating of high risk. The use of TENS was given a low- moderate quality of evidence supporting its use for improving UE motor function and received an overall recommendation rating of Weak+. The evidence revealed the following as potentially the most effective active ingredients: high-frequency TENS for 30-60 minutes 3-5 times per week with electrode placement proximally (over elbow/wrist extensors) as well as distally (over the hand and fingers) and paired with task-specific training.
Implications: The results of this systematic review indicate that the use of UE TENS for hemiparetic post-stroke patients may be an effective intervention to expedite UE motor recovery; however, further research is needed to determine to most effective electrode placement, length/frequency of stimulation, time of stimulation (before, during, or after task-specific training), and stage of recovery to provide TENS intervention.No embarg
Interview of Nancie Mlakar Bechtel by Debbie Cannon Freece
No full textRemote interview.Nancie Mlakar Bechtel describes her time as a nursing student at Ohio State and her subsequent career. She attended Ohio State as an undergraduate from 1978 to 1982, and she later received her Master's degree in Public Health from Ohio State as well. Her career started while she was a student at now-Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus. After 18 years at Children's, she took a job at the Columbus Medical Association in its then-new Central Ohio Trauma System where she helped create and implement a plan for hospitals to work together to get patients with traumatic injuries the help they needed as quickly as possible. Bechtel spent 13 years there, then was recruited by then-Columbus Public Health Commissioner Teresa Long to serve as Assistant Health Commissioner, a position Bechtel held for seven years. After retirement, she consulted with medium-sized health departments to devise plans on how to share administrative resources, then she decided to come out of retirement, and she took a job as a manager at the Columbus contact center for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). She eventually made the transition to Chief of Community Care for the Columbus VA, a position she still holds. She discusses some of the programs and initiatives in which she was involved at each stage of her career, and how nursing, particularly with the impact of technology, has changed over the years
Mineralogical Analysis and Material Source Interpretation of a Gravity Core from Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian Sea)
No full textMarsili Seamount (MS) is the largest volcano in the Mediterranean Sea with a peak at about 3000 m above the seafloor and -500 m below sea level. MS has been labeled as a potential geohazard due to measured 3He/4He anomalies indicating gases are being released by an active magma chamber. The core location is 328 m below the summit and possibly provides a view of the recent activity of MS. Physical characteristics data was collected from the core by a multi sensor core logger (MSCL) and grain size data was acquired via laser diffraction (LD). Smear slides were created, and XRD data was collected from the samples analyzed in this paper. The gravity core is comprised of a 13 cm clayed silt upper zone and a lower 25 cm thick volcanic zone made of lapilli and ash tephra layers. This volcanic zone is composed of high amounts of glass implying the source is that of an underwater eruption and it can be described as a tephra bearing unit. Additionally, plagioclase, muscovite, and augite are major minerals in the lower zone and further imply an igneous source. The loose nature of the volcanic zone, as well as its moderate grain sorting and an irregular upper contact, are consistent with near-source flows. These characteristics are similar to those of other cores taken from MS. However, without additional chemical composition data, it is difficult to confidently determine an exact source for the volcanic material.Friends of Orton HallA three-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Earth Science
