62021 research outputs found
Sort by
Patient-Informant Agreement in Reported Activities and Participation Depends on Aphasia Severity
Get PDFSocial and Behavioral Sciences: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes
Advanced Research Forum)Background: Participation in life situations has been identified by people with aphasia (PWA) as an ultimate outcome of rehabilitation and is often measured with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) or informant-report measures. It is known that PWA and informants do not always produce similar scores on measures of activities and participation. However, systematic differences between patients and informants, and the causes of these differences, are not well understood. Here, we investigated these differences as a function of language impairment, perceived level of activity and participation success, and depressive symptoms.
Methods: Participants were 29 PWA-informant dyads who completed a performance-based language assessment and three measures related to different aspects of activities and participation. Outcome variables were PWA-informant difference scores in the activities and participation measures.
Results: PWA ratings of activities and participation were not statistically significantly associated with performance-based language severity. Hierarchical regression models with both language impairment and informant-report scores as predictor variables explained 53-71% of the variance in PWA-informant difference scores (all p<.05). In particular, mild communication challenges were associated with the PWA reporting significantly worse participation than the informant perceived. In contrast, more severe communication challenges were associated with the patient reporting significantly better participation than the informant perceived.
Discussion: These findings highlight the importance of measuring participation by PROM. The patient’s experience of participation is not related to their level of language impairment and is predictably different from their care partners perspective. As others have reported also, “mild” aphasia is not so mild to the PWA. Similarly, “severe” may not be so severe to the PWA. Further research is needed to connect these findings with counseling and caregiver education. Research on responses processes (e.g., response shift) is also warranted.No embarg
Strain Partitioning around Faults in the Lake District of the Southern Andes
Get PDFThis study addresses the variation of principal strains throughout the Southern Andean Volcanic Zone (SVZ). The SVZ has two prominent fault structures known as the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System (LOFS) and Andean Transverse Faults (ATF). The LOFS is a major transverse fault structure that strikes parallel to the margin and the ATF are crustal scale faults that strike NW and NE. Both fault structures are seismically active, underly many of the volcanic edifices in the SVZ, and partition strain from the obliquely convergent margin. To understand the strain partitioning throughout the region, kinematic information like slip direction and slip sense of brittle fractures were collected at various localities. The analyses of the fractures were run as fault-slip data inversions at the local and regional scale. The regional scale strain analysis displayed kinematically heterogeneous faulting with the predominate dextral strike-slip NE-striking faults of the LOFS. The local scale strain analysis displayed either homogeneous or heterogeneous results based on the individual locality. I discuss the calculated principal strain directions for each locality in the context of the local fault structure. Principal strain orientations vary considerably from locality to locality and deviate from the regional strain tensor. This can be interpreted in terms of strong strain partitioning throughout the SVZ due to mechanical interactions between the LOFS and ATF.No embarg
Fight or Flight: Reactions of a Rainforest Ant to the Venom of a Natural Enemy
No full textThe well-studied Megalomyrmex ant parasites are known for their use of venom alkaloids to reduce aggression and confuse their fungus-growing ant hosts. However, most Megalomyrmex species are not restricted to a parasitic lifestyle. In fact, many are free-living ants that compete with other ant species by foraging from insect carcasses and other food sources on the rainforest floor, one such example being Megalomyrmex peetersi. Another ant, Aphaenogaster araneoides, is a sympatric species that is often the first to arrive at a food source. Our field observations suggest that, despite arriving later, M. peetersi dominate baits and cause A. araneoides to flee. Megalomyrmex peetersi appears to use venom to behaviorally manipulate and outcompete other ant species to gain control of food resources. To test this hypothesis, we exposed foraging Aphaenogaster workers to M. peetersi venom extracts at two field locations (one with M. peetersi presence [n=26], and one without [n=26]) . We controlled for the venom extract’s solvent and the act of applying the stimuli. Behaviors were video recorded and scored using BORIS software. We predicted that M. peetersi venom exposure will cause A. araneoides foragers to react submissively (i.e., repulsion, recoil, or flight) compared to the controls. We did not find support for our hypothesis, but a trend that suggests A. araneoides react more submissively when exposed to M. peetersi venom. We also found that the presence of food significantly increased the latency of submissive A. araneoides reactions. This work suggests that venom may not be the only mechanism used by M. peetersi to dominate a food source when competing with A. araneoides, and that the lack of support for our hypothesis may be influenced by A. araneoides' sensitivity to overhead motion. This suggests that studies that account for visual stimuli are needed, as multiple stimuli likely influence A. araneoides' behavior. These additional field studies will enhance our understanding of the complex dynamics that surround resource competition and venom use between these ant species.National Science FoundationAcademic Major: Evolution and EcologyAcademic Major: Entomolog
Constraining the Electron-Neutrino Mass using SN1987A
Get PDFProject for the Spring 2024 Polaris Mentorship Course, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics.This research poster was made during the Polaris Mentorship program with guidance from a graduate student in Physics. This project discusses the production of electron-neutrinos in supernovae and deriving an upper limit for the mass of an electron neutrino
Ohl 106-107, no. 1 – Aedicula (small shrine) to Silvanus, with a relief of the god and his attributes of a sickle, pine branch and dog, probably 2nd century CE
No full textPhotograph
A mixed methods study exploring how physical activity may be incorporated into a cessation intervention to best support youth experiencing homelessness in the quit process.
Get PDFIntroduction/Significance: Seventy percent of youth and young adults experiencing homelessness (YYEH), aged 14-24 years old, smoke combusted commercial tobacco--a smoking prevalence 2.5 times higher than housed peers. The purpose of this study is to consider how physical activity may be incorporated into cessation intervention to meet the needs of YYEH.
Methods: This study used a mixed methods design using secondary data collected at a drop-in center for YYEH in a midwestern city. For the quantitative data, the aim of the univariable analysis was to understand if there were differences in tobacco use and psychosocial factors between YYEH who used the gym at the drop-in center and those that did not. Through focus groups, qualitative data was collected to understand thoughts about implementation of cessation interventions. The aim of the qualitative analysis was to understand how youth were mentioning sports and physical activity so it could be incorporated into targeted cessation intervention design.
Results: Samples for this study included YYEH using combusted tobacco products in the past week (Quantitative: N=96, Qualitative: N=45). Quantitative results indicated individuals that used electronic vaping products used the gym less frequently (p=0.04). Individuals older (p=0.04), identifying as straight (p=0.02), and identifying as male (p<0.01) used the gym more frequently. No differences in distribution of psychosocial factors by participants’ use of gym. In the qualitative analysis, YYEH mentioned smoking at drop-in shelters due to lack of activities, using smoking as a de-stressor. YYEH mentioned that having an individual, like a personal trainer would be helpful.
Conclusion: Qualitative findings revealed YYEH asked for organized sports to socialize in a sober, reduced stress environment and to develop a relationship with “a wellness coach” who could act as a personal trainer in the gym and aid their cessation journey. We concluded that no significant differences in psychosocial factors and use of gym may be because youth were asked about their individual use of the gym at the drop-in center. Just having a gym available is not enough to benefit all youth, it is necessary to focus social engagement through physical activity to aid the cessation process.No embargoAcademic Major: Public Healt
The Effects of 17-alpha Estradiol on Osteoarthritis and Bone Development in Genetically Heterogeneous Het3 Mice
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease of the joints, typically in the knee, and is caused by the joint’s articular cartilage. When damaged, osteophytes and increased subchondral bone growth results in pain and limits range of motion. Current therapies often are not very effective and surgical therapies are invasive and often require revisions. More effective, noninvasive, and longer lasting treatments are needed. 17-alpha is a non-feminizing isoform of estrogen that has been found to improve lifespan in male mouse models, as well as improve age related conditions like insulin sensitivity, obesity, and inflammation. 17-alpha has recently been studied for its impact on OA in Het3 mice and was found to have a minimal impact, but this study only included mice equivalent to an 85-year-old human. It would be advantageous to investigate the effects of 17-alpha throughout the aging process at different time points. We hypothesized that 17-alpha administration to Het3 males would slow age-related declines in bone and joint health when compared to the control. Mice were fed 17-alpha in standard chow 19 weeks prior to euthanasia at 70 and 105 weeks for the middle and old groups, respectively. Controls were euthanized at 25±6 weeks (young), 63±9 weeks (middle), 104±3 weeks (old). Three dimensional renderings of the samples’ microCT scans were blinded and scored using the Kellgren-Lawrence classification system (0 = healthy, 4 = severe OA). Qualitative microCT assessed five volumes of interest in close proximity to the joint. Blinded grading found increased scores with age among the controls and a reduced OA score of the old treated group versus the old control group. MicroCT analysis indicated minimal significant differences between groups in any volume of interest. However, BV and TV did increase in middle-aged treated mice compared to the respective control in the medial tibial plateau. This may indicate osteophytic bone growth. Improvement in OA score for old treated mice may indicate protective effects of 17-alpha more than middle-aged mice. However, given the small sample size of treated mice (n = 4 middle, n = 2 old) more data needs to be collected to further validate their findings. More samples are to be analyzed and histological analysis will be performed on all samples.A three-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Biomedical Engineerin
The Healing Self: The Effects of Accessible Toolkit Mindfulness Practices as Analyzed Through Laban Movement Effort Qualities
Get PDFThis project will promote a deepened understanding of mind-body integration through asking the question: How does movement change with emotions and how can it change again as we learn self regulation and mindfulness? Five participants will meet for wellness sessions over the course of 22 weeks. In these sessions, the participants will learn a variety of wellness skills and practices that will increase personal resilience and promote psychophysical balance and integration. These wellness practices will pull ideas from Alexander Technique, Laban, and Yoga. Each session will begin with journaling where the participants document their current states-- moods, general feelings of wellness or unsoundness, and any present physical experiences-- through written word and drawings. The session will then transition to a wellness practice. After this, participants will document the effects of their practices in two ways: a short improvisation excerpt and a post-drawing of mood and state. The effectiveness of the varying wellness practices will be analyzed through the four Laban Movement Effort qualities-- space, weight, body, and time. These analyses will be performed through examining the collected materials– videos, drawings, and journals– from participants. In considering these qualities, it can be currently noted that there are predictable patterns in effort qualities that coincide with the documented moods of the participants. My current conclusion is that, though Laban effort qualities both correlate and can predict mood, this correlation can be disrupted through a regular mindfulness practice that promotes both physical and mental ease.AURSNo embargoAcademic Major: Danc