62021 research outputs found
Sort by
Examining Associations Between Race, Birth Characteristics, and NICU Stay Duration: A Study from the 5000 Baby Project
Get PDFPreterm birth, sometimes called premature birth, is the leading cause of both infant mortality and morbidity. In the United States, Black/African American (AA) infants are nearly 50% more likely to be born preterm than their White/Caucasian peers and have a lower birth weight. This often causes prolonged stays in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and delayed progression of developmental milestones. We hypothesized that there would be a correlation between race/ethnicity and specific birth-related factors, namely, (1) birth weight, (2) NICU stay duration, (3) birth type, (4) milestone status, and (5) preterm status. Our results showed statistically significant correlations between race/ethnicity in both birth weight and preterm status. Additionally, there was a nearly statistically significant correlation found with NICU stay duration. Both birth type (cesarean vs vaginal) and developmental milestone status (delayed vs on-time) were not significantly correlated in our dataset. Our results support the conclusion that racial disparities exist in key perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth and birth weight. Further investigation is necessary to inform future targeted interventions to support the at-risk populations and reduce inequities in infant health outcomes.No embargoAcademic Major: Psycholog
Detecting Faint Companions to Bright Stars Using SHARK-VIS
No full textSTEP Category: Undergraduate ResearchDetecting and characterizing stellar mass black holes helps us learn about the physics of massive stars and supernovae. To efficiently discriminate between stellar binaries and binaries with black holes, we use archival data and high-contrast imaging observations. There is plenty of archival data about the velocities at which certain binary systems orbit each other, called radial velocities (RVs). We make use of this existing data, while combining it with adaptive optics (AO) images, to make better estimates of the orbital parameters of such star systems. Notably, we better estimate the mass of the companion star and the orbital inclination. For HD 104438, we observe a luminous companion and rule out black holes.The Ohio State University Second-year Transformational Experience Program (STEP)Academic Major: Astronomy and AstrophysicsAcademic Major: Physic
The Moritz Briefing (November 2025)
Get PDFAn occasional newsletter highlighting recent activities and achievements of the Moritz Faculty.Note: Issue number is incorrect in document. Please use information from item metadata for citation
Review: William Caxton, Pierre, de la Cépède, William Caxton, Paris and Vienne and Blanchardyn and Eglantine, edited by Harriet Hudson
Get PDFAnemometer Network for Vortex Shedding Data Collection
Get PDFAs uncrewed aerial systems (sUAS) become more prominent, it is more important to understand how different conditions affect flight stability and performance. One area of research that is currently being studied is the influence of partial boundaries and variable wind conditions on the vehicle. Anemometers such as the Trisonica Mini Ultrasonic Anemometers can be used to measure flight conditions such as 3-dimensional wind velocity to characterize vortical structures around a partial boundary. Using multiple anemometers can help to measure flight conditions at different areas near the partial boundary; however, collecting data from each anemometer individually would take up a lot of work and time. Software and hardware were integrated into a compact and user-friendly design to allow for wireless communication of data from multiple Trisonica Mini ultrasonic anemometers. The design made use of ESP32 microcontrollers to send data from up to 10 anemometers at a rate of 10 Hz to a single laptop that displayed the live anemometer data in real time with timestamps accurate to 10 ms and saved all the data to a comma-separated values (CSV) file. The design was used to verify the anemometer data in a wind tunnel at 10 m/s and 15 m/s while varying the azimuth and pitch angle. From the verification testing, it was determined that the anemometer accurately measured horizontal wind velocity vectors but failed to measure vertical velocity components. In future testing, the Trisonica LI-560 Sphere anemometer will be used to capture vertical velocity with more accuracy and range, and a new anemometer will be developed to capture velocities with full 360- degree measurements in all three dimensions.Undergraduate Research CommitteeNo embargoAcademic Major: Computer Science and Engineerin
Pregnancy Length, but not Other Maternal Parameters, is associated with Decreased neonatal size in sheep
Get PDFSheep have been produced globally for centuries for meat, wool, skin, and milk, yet neonatal mortality in lambs remains high at 15–20%. Low birthweight is the leading contributor to neonatal loss, underscoring the need to understand maternal factors that influence fetal development. This study tested the hypotheses that (1) higher maternal progesterone concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with increased neonatal birthweight, and (2) greater gestation length, maternal age, and maternal weight correspond to greater fetal development. Pregnant ewes (n = 27) carrying a single fetus were maintained under uniform management at the Eastern Agricultural Research Station. Daily blood samples were collected from days 6 to 25 of gestation, and circulating progesterone was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Ewe weight was recorded on the day of breeding, and lamb weight was measured within one hour of birth and stratified into terciles for statistical analysis. Multiple maternal variables were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS), with data reported as mean ± SEM. Maternal age, weight, and progesterone concentrations did not differ among birthweight terciles. However, gestation length was significantly associated with neonatal weight (P = 0.01): ewes producing the lightest lambs had shorter pregnancies compared with those producing the heaviest lambs, while the mid-tercile did not differ from either group. As gestation length was the only maternal factor associated with birthweight, future research should investigate environmental and physiological determinants of gestation length to improve neonatal survival in sheep production systems.No embargoAcademic Major: Animal Science