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Interview of Ray Miller by Olivia Dearth and Joseph Yuzwa
No full textRemote interview.Ray Miller discusses his time at Ohio State as a student from spring 1968 to 1971. He discusses his involvement in the Black Student Union and in campus protests, both in 1968 and 1970. This interview was one of 15 conducted by students in English 4567 (Rhetoric and Community Service) to capture as many stories as possible from former Ohio State students associated with the 1968 sit-in that led to the arrests of 34 Black students, now known as the “OSU 34.” Miller also talks about professors who were mentors, his overall political involvement at OSU, and his political career after graduation
Council on Academic Affairs: Minutes (January 8, 2025)
No full textMinutes from the Council on Academic Affairs' meeting on January 8, 2025
Canonical mRNA cap binding proteins have distinct roles in regeneration from the fish specific ortholog eif4e1c
Get PDFZebrafish are valuable models for cardiac regeneration due to their remarkable ability to regenerate heart tissue. Our research focuses on the eIF4E family of translation initiation factors, which are suspected to play a role in this process. While canonical eIF4E is found in all terrestrial vertebrates and is essential for cell viability, zebrafish also contain an additional ortholog that is unique to aquatic vertebrates, called eif4e1c. Previously, we showed that deletion of eif4e1c impaired growth, survival, and heart regeneration. It is unclear whether these phenotypes result from the reduced total level of cap-binding proteins-or if eif4e1c has specialized functions. To investigate further, we used CRISPR to make zebrafish deletion mutants for canonical eif4ea and eif4eb. Concurrent deletion of eif4e1c and eif4ea resulted in a further mortality and size deficits when compared to the solo eif4e1c mutants. Compound mutants of eif4e1c and eif4eb found similar growth defects, but no exacerbation of mortality. The eIF4E family of translation initiation factors are required for viability in eukaryotes from yeast to mice. Surprisingly, deletion of both eif4ea and eif4eb did not result in any obvious phenotypic changes in survival, growth, nor heart size. However, it was found that the loss of canonical eif4ea or eif4eb alone results in improved cardiomyocyte regeneration, and impaired fin regeneration. Compound mutants of a canonical and eif4e1c lose these regeneration phenotypes suggesting a “goldilocks” threshold where eif4e1c begins to compensate fully for the loss of canonical factors. This is to say, there may be a required ratio – canonical factors to eif4e1c – which allows for compensation. These results suggest eif4e1c can fully compensate for the loss of the canonical EIF4E factors, while the canonical factors only partially compensate for the loss of eif4e1c. This suggests that the fish specific eif4e1c ortholog is a bona fide translation initiation factor with additional functions that impact growth and survival.No embargoAcademic Major: Biolog
Understanding causality and impact of ancestry-specific expression of long non-coding RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia patients
No full textBackground: African American AML patients, referred to as Black pts, have shorter survival than pts of European ancestry, referred to as White pts. However, our information about the non-coding expression profile and associated clinical relevance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in AML stems from studies based on White pts. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in promoter regions of lncRNA sequences affect gene regulation. We hypothesize that ancestry-associated mutations in SNPs involved in lncRNA expression may be contributing to disparities in survival.
Methods: We analyzed 681 adult AML pts treated on CALBG/Alliance frontline protocols (n=616 White pts, n=65 Black pts; ancestries self-identified and genotype confirmed.) All pts had ribo-depleted, paired-end 151bp RNA sequencing (60-80 million reads/sample), comprehensive gene mutation profiling (80 gene panel), clinical annotations and long-term follow-up data to determine differential lncRNA expression. A negative binomial model was fit to identify lncRNA differential expression between Black and White pts. Ancestry-associated SNPs in regulatory regions of select lncRNAs were identified using the ENCODE registry for cCREs, SNP2TFBS and population allele frequency data from NCBI ALFA.
Results: Comparing Black and White AML pts, 135 lncRNAs were upregulated and 55 were downregulated. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were equally distributed throughout the genome and none were ancestry-exclusive, indicated high conservation. 190 aberrantly expressed lncRNA were identified and used to derive a prognostic lncRNA score consisting of 13 lncRNAs. lncRNA score was an independent indicator of inferior survival in both Black and White pts that refined the prognostication of the European LeukemiaNet 2022 Favorable (P=.004) and Intermediate (P<.001) genetic risk groups. Examination of the genomic context of regulatory regions within the 13 lncRNAs revealed multiple ancestry-associated SNPs that putatively altered transcription factor (TF)/chromatin regulator binding sites in cis-regulatory regions, including rs58515841 (MAF white vs Black, 24% vs 9%, CTCF binding site within ENSG00000284052) and rs1400262 (MAF, 62% vs 10%, REST binding site upstream of NCK1-DT). To validate differential TF binding, we are performing electrophoretic mobility shift assays of candidate lnc TF binding sites.
Conclusion: We depict an ancestry-inclusive landscape of lncRNAs in AML through the expression profile of lncRNAs and SNPs as modulators, all ancestry-associatedA one-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Biomedical ScienceAcademic Major: Frenc
Effects of Probe Moment on MFM Imaging of Nanomaterials
No full textMagnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) is a robust characterization tool for visualizing and quantifying magnetic interactions at the nanoscale. By employing magnetically coated probes that interact with localized stray fields above a sample surface, MFM provides both topographical and magnetic phase information with high spatial resolution. In this study, MFM is applied to investigate and compare the magnetic behavior of superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic nanomaterials, with a particular emphasis on the influence of probe magnetic moment strength. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) aggregates are used as the representative superparamagnetic sample, while an iron thin film serves as the ferromagnetic counterpart. This thesis aims to assess how different MFM probe strengths affect the visualization and interpretation of these two material systems, considering the trade-offs between spatial resolution and signal sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that for ferromagnetic samples, high moment probes yield better spatial resolution and sensitivity, with clear signal detection even at extended lift heights. In contrast, both low moment and high moment probes provided comparable spatial resolution for SPION patterns, though high moment probes offered higher signal-to-noise ratios. These results underscore the critical role of probe selection in optimizing MFM performance based on the magnetic nature of the sample.College of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Research ScholarshipA one-year embargo was granted for this item.Academic Major: Physic
Waterman Pond Evaluation and Chadwick Lake Management Plan
Get PDFCourse Code: ENR 4900.01Our project focuses on the evaluation of Waterman Pond as well as a management overview and educational ideas for the Chadwick Lake. Waterman Pond resides on Waterman Agriculture and Natural Resources Laboratory which is a 261-acre plot devoted to outreach, education, and research. Chadwick Arboretum consists of a diverse collection of trees, areas where students participate in research and scientific exploration, and a large, central lake which the arboretum is built around. To give us ideas on ways to manage the Chadwick Lake we looked at well-known arboretums around the United States that also focus on education.Academic Major: Environmental ScienceAcademic Major: Environmental Policy and Decision MakingAcademic Major: Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlif
Potential for Rubber Dandelion Production on Reclaimed Strip-Mined Soil
Get PDFFirst Place, Environmental and Plant Sciences, 2023 CFAES Poster CompetitionThe increasing demand for natural rubber and the need for sustainable land reclamation strategies have sparked interest in Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) production. Understanding the influence of genetic background and soil conditions on TKS survival and rubber yield is critical for assessing its viability in reclaimed environments. This study evaluated the survival of three TKS lines, along with biomass, potential heavy metal uptake, and rubber production, across four soils, zoned according to their remediation history, from The Wilds, Ohio, to determine if TKS can be grown in these reclaimed soils. Soil properties such as pH were determined using the USDA Soil Survey data. Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) analysis found that all measured elements in the soil were within natural background levels for Franklin County, Ohio although the soils differed in element concentration. TKS survival varied significantly by line and soil: Golf, a line bred over six generations for large root size, exhibited the highest survival rates across all soils and Wildtype had the poorest survival rate. The control soil (Soil R) had the highest survival rate. Shoot biomass was significantly influenced by soil and the interaction between line and soil, with Foxtrot in Soil R producing the highest shoot dry weight. Root:shoot and root dry weight showed no significant differences. Rubber content was significantly affected by soil and the interaction between line and soil, with the highest content found in Soils R and B and the lowest in Soil D. Future research should prioritize in situ soil pH monitoring, long-term studies, and controlled conditions to optimize TKS for rubber yield and soil adaptation in reclaimed areas. Economic viability and site selection are crucial for scaling TKS cultivation for both rubber supply and environmental benefits like phytoremediation.No embargoAcademic Major: Environmental Scienc
Subgiant Branch: A Quantitative Investigation of Initial Helium Abundance and Stellar Evolutionary Models
Get PDFIn this thesis, we inferred birth helium abundances for stars and tested the linear enrichment relations between star-produced helium and metal. We used stellar models to predict the luminosities of stars predicted by standard chemical evolution scenarios. We then calculated a map of luminosity-helium derivatives (δlogL/δY ) across different stellar parameters. This procedure is necessary because stellar helium is not directly observed, and we isolated helium fraction as an independent degree of freedom in stellar models. Based on the offsets between model-predicted luminosity and observed luminosities, we calculated the helium correction required to reproduce the data: ΔY , and the consequent Y +ΔY as our indirectly-inferred true helium fraction. Our calculations serve as empiricallyinformed examination of the model-assumed chemical composition.No embargoAcademic Major: Astronomy and Astrophysic
Assessing the Validity and Repeatability of a Portable A-scan Ultrasound Device in Sitting and Supine Positions
No full textEngineering and Technology: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Denman Undergraduate
Research Forum)Background: Accurate ocular biometry is essential for intraocular lens power calculation in cataract surgery1, monitoring myopia management therapies2, estimating pulsatile ocular blood volume3, and ensuring high-resolution retinal imaging4. This study evaluated the validity and inter- and intra-observer variability of a portable a-scan ultrasound device for measuring axial length (AL) in sitting and supine positions compared to the IOLMaster optical biometer, the clinical standard.
Methods: Fifty-one healthy adults (mean age = 26 ± 10 years; 67% female) participated in two study sessions. AL measurements of the right eye were obtained first with the IOLMaster optical biometer (Zeiss) in the sitting position, followed by the portable a-scan ultrasound (Scanmate A, DGH Technology) in both sitting and supine positions. Measurements were repeated in the second session by two observers. Five measurements were averaged for the optical biometer and three for the a-scan device. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests for inter-device comparisons and repeated-measures ANOVA for intra- and inter-observer variability, with significance set at α = 0.05.
Results: The IOLMaster optical biometer measured significantly longer AL (24.2 ± 1.8 mm) compared to the a-scan ultrasound (23.7 ± 1.7 mm, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between sitting and supine positions for either device. Additionally, both devices demonstrated excellent intra-observer and inter-observer variability with no significant differences between measurements.
Conclusion: While the optical biometer measured longer AL values, the portable a-scan ultrasound device showed high reliability with consistent measurements across observers and positions. Its portability and accuracy make it a practical tool for clinical settings, particularly in resource-limited environments lacking access to optical biometers.No embargoAcademic Major: Medical Anthropolog
The Effect of Word Learning from Context on Mapping onto Visual Referents
Get PDFOne of the biggest challenges children must overcome in the process of word learning is the Mapping Problem, i.e., understanding which words relate to which objects in the environment (Lewis & Frank, 2013). This study examined whether linguistic context helps children solve this problem. We exposed 4- to 5-year-old children (n = 56) to short stories with embedded pseudowords. After listening, participants completed an intuition test to their initial understanding of the pseudowords, followed by a label extension task under one of two conditions: congruent or incongruent. In the congruent condition, feedback to the participants coincided with the implied pseudoword meanings, while the incongruent condition feedback was contradictory to the pseudoword meanings. We predicted that by comparing the learning outcomes between the two conditions, we would be able to assess how linguistic context affects children’s ability to map novel words onto specific objects. More specifically, we hypothesized that participants in the congruent condition would demonstrate higher response accuracy in the final phase of the label extension task, suggesting that children can successfully implement meaning gleaned from linguistic context during later mapping onto visual referents. However, the results of the current study were inconclusive in supporting this hypothesis, as we were not able to demonstrate that children successfully learned the pseudowords during the story context phase.No embargoAcademic Major: PsychologyAcademic Major: Russia