6465 research outputs found
Sort by
A New Aspect of Hinduism in the Diaspora and Its Significance: Tamil Ritual Worship at Hindu Temples in Jakarta, Indonesia
Full text linkdepartmental bulletin pape
Hopeful Alien Species : The Impact of Muskox Introduction on the Cup'ig Society of Nunivak Island, Alaska
Full text linkAlien species often threaten biodiversity, prompting the international community to focus on countermeasures. However, these species do not always form purely negative relationships with local communities. Particularly in Arctic Indigenous communities, where animal relationships are central, new species can support autonomous community development. This study aims to clarify the conditions of alien species (Pfeiffer and Voeks 2008) that foster positive connections with Indigenous societies, using the case of muskoxen, which were brought to Nunivak Island, Alaska, in the 1930s.
First, the study examines the history of muskox extinction and reintroduction in Alaska, highlighting anthropologist John Teal Jr.’s projects, which sought to alleviate poverty in Indigenous communities through muskox domestication. Here, I underscore Nunivak Island’s pivotal role in reviving the muskox population in Alaska, despite the species not being native to the island. Next, based on field research, this study clarifies that muskoxen are now an economically and culturally important resource on Nunivak Island. In addition, it examines the historical shift in perception, showing how muskoxen, once seen as a threat, became a valued resource. It also highlights the significant role that lifting the hunting ban played in transforming these relationships.
Thus, by examining the social and cultural contexts under which muskoxen are used, I propose that, for an alien species to be considered “culturally enriching,” it should address gaps within the local society and culture while also coexisting harmoniously with them.外来種はしばしば生物多様性の脅威となり，現在，国際社会はその対策に力を注いでいる。しかし，外来種は現地社会と必ずしも否定的な関係のみを構築するわけではない。特に動物との関係を社会の基盤とする北極域の先住民社会において，新たな種の進出はコミュニティの自律的な発展を促す資源ともなりうる。本稿の目的はアラスカ・ヌニヴァク島に1930 年代に導入されたジャコウウシを事例に，先住民社会と外来種の関係を論じたファイファーとヴォークスの言う「文化を豊かにする」外来種（Pfeiffer and Voeks 2008）の条件を明らかにすることである。
はじめにアラスカにおけるジャコウウシの絶滅と再導入の経緯，ジャコウウシの家畜化によって先住民社会の貧困を解決しようとした人類学者たちのプロジェクトを検討し，もともとジャコウウシの生息地ではなかったのにも関わらず，ヌニヴァク島がその復活に決定的な役割を果たしたことを明らかにする。次に，現地調査によりジャコウウシが外来種でありながらも，現在のヌニヴァク島において経済的・文化的に重要な資源となっていることを示す。その上で，導入当初は脅威と見なされていたジャコウウシが，重要な資源となった歴史的変化を検討し，狩猟解禁が関係の変化に重要な役割を果たしたことを指摘する。
これらを踏まえて，ジャコウウシが利用される社会・文化的条件について検討し，現地の社会や文化と調和しつつ，その外来種が社会の不足点を補うことができるという，「文化を豊かにする」 外来種の条件を提示する。1 Introduction
2 Nunivak Island and Cupʼig Society
3 Extinction and Revival of Muskoxen in Alaska
4 John Teal’s “Muskox Project”
5 Impact of Muskox Introduction on Nunivak Island
6 Historical Change in the Relationship between the Muskoxen and Cupʼig People
7 Discussion: Conditions for Culturally Enriching Alien Species
8 Conclusionjournal articl
Ecological Factors behind the Circulation of Indian Traders in the Indian Ocean
Full text linkdepartmental bulletin pape
Chettiars and the Churning of Identities in the Colonial Indian Ocean Diaspora
Full text linkdepartmental bulletin pape
