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The role of Nicolaus Copernicus University Polar Station in long-term cryosphere monitoring, Svalbard
Full text linkThe 15th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions [OM] Polar meteorology and glaciology, Tue. 3 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor), National Institute of Polar Researchconference outpu
Extraction of High-Resolution SAR Image Segments as Sea-Truth Data for Deformed Ice Location Analysis
Full text linkThe 15th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions [OM] Polar meteorology and glaciology, Tue. 3 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor), National Institute of Polar Researchconference outpu
Statistical analysis of pulsating auroras and ducted chorus waves
Full text linkThe 15th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions [OS] Space and upper atmospheric sciences, Wed. 4 Dec. / 3F Conference room, The Institute of Statistical Mathematicsconference outpu
Over-darkening of diffuse/pulsating aurora: LAMP sounding rocket observation
Full text linkThe 15th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions [OS] Space and upper atmospheric sciences, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor), National Institute of Polar Researchconference outpu
[Editorial] The seventh International Symposium on Arctic Research (ISAR-7)
No full textThe Arctic is undergoing rapid environmental change that is creating a variety of environmental, social, political, and economic challenges for the people living in this region. These changes are not limited to the Arctic, but are global, affecting weather, ecosystems, and human society at low, mid, and high latitudes. Many unresolved issues remain concerning the warming phenomenon in the Arctic, its causes, and its effects on mid-latitude regions, and these issues were addressed at the 7th International Symposium on Arctic Research (ISAR-7) held in Tokyo, Japan, from March 6–10, 2023. The symposium was broadly interdisciplinary, with particular emphasis on research in the social sciences and humanities. This special issue of ISAR-7 brings together papers that span a variety of disciplines and their linkages to promote the information and knowledge needed for the future sustainable development of the Arctic.journal articl
Effect of varying temperature increases on the microbial community of Pleistocene and Holocene permafrost
No full textThe total area covered by permafrost has been continually decreasing over the past decades. This study investigates the effect of various temperature increases on the microbiome of permafrost sampled at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) Permafrost Tunnel site in Fox, Alaska, USA, corresponding to the Holocene (around 8000 years before present (ybp)) and Pleistocene (around 36,000 ybp), respectively. The soil was subjected to two thawing time courses, with temperature increasing from –4 ℃ to either +4 ℃ or +25 ℃, and total nucleic acid was extracted at each time point. Consistent with previous 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing studies on the Permafrost Tunnel, the Pleistocene was dominated by Clostridia, while the Holocene was mainly composed of Clostridia, Bacteroidia and Alphaproteobacteria at –4 ℃. Thawing at +25 ℃ resulted in divergent microbial profiles for permafrost of both ages, with the Pleistocene becoming more similar to the active layer, while the Holocene was relatively less impacted. Prediction of metabolic function revealed that bacteria from the Holocene permafrost activated degradation pathways upon thawing at +25 ℃, while bacteria from the Pleistocene were more involved in amino-acid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting different mechanisms of adaptation.journal articl
Improving the sustainability of remote arctic communities with high-energy-efficiency houses
No full textQaanaaq, a remote community in Greenland, faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) due to its extremely high heating demands, reliance on diesel fuel, limited transportation options, declining population, and shortage of skilled labor in the construction industry. Addressing these issues is particularly complex due to the harsh climate and limited resources. In this study, we propose a strategy to achieve SDGs in Qaanaaq by replacing 263 single-family homes with 66 highly insulated multi-family nearly zero-energy apartment houses (n-ZEAHs) and installing rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Simulation results indicate that replacing homes with n-ZEAHs could reduce annual heating energy consumption by 9575 MWh and that the rooftop PV systems could offset approximately 57% of annual electricity sales, significantly improving Qaanaaq’s energy security. However, field measurements revealed that indoor humidity in n-ZEAHs was low and that CO2 and PM10 levels occasionally exceeded standards. Additionally, the rooftop PV systems may not fully meet monthly electricity demands during certain seasons. To address these issues, it will be necessary to introduce appropriate ventilation systems and consider the implementation of combined systems that integrate other renewable energy sources and batteries. Given the limited availability of skilled technicians in Qaanaaq, simple and user-friendly systems are preferred. The findings of this study provide valuable insights on how to achieve SDGs in cold and remote climate communities like Qaanaaq.journal articl
Soundscape during summer in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic
No full textThis paper summarises research on ambient noise data collected during the summers of 2016 and 2017 by an autonomous Ambient Noise Measurement System (ANMS) deployed in the Kongsfjorden, Arctic. The primary goals of this study are to identify the various soundscape components and the variation of the soundscape in the Arctic environment during the summers of 2016 and 2017. This work mainly quantifies the ambient noise sources during each month of the summer. After analysing the data, five distinct sources of soundscape were identified, out of which three geophysical sources, including iceberg bubbling, glacier calving, and rain noise, as well as two anthropogenic sources, such as shipping noise and ice ramming noise, were identified. No biological sources were identified either in the summer of 2016 or in 2017. A comparison of average Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) in the summers of 2016 and 2017 shows that the difference in average SPL below 8 kHz is 3 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz.journal articl
On the response of the mesopause region over an Indian Antarctic station Bharati to the geomagnetic storm of 23–24 March 2023
No full textWe report, in this work, the changes in the thermal structure of the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region over an Indian Antarctic station Bharati (69.4° S, 76.2° E, CGM coordinates 75° S, 97° E) brought about by an intense geomagnetic storm of 23–24 March 2023 (Dst ∼ −155 nT). We use the temperature and OH airglow measurements of the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard NASA's Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission satellite to compare the thermal field of the MLT region on these disturbed days with the neighbouring quietest days of 27–28 March. Such comparison reveals both warming and cooling in the MLT region associated with the storm. An extension of this comparative study in the latitude region located poleward of Bharati also shows similar behavior of the MLT region during this geomagnetic storm. Overall, this study reveals the maximum temperature enhancement of ∼39–43 K to occur at around 99 km, a significant warming of ∼4–43 K in 95–105 km, and a decrease of ∼12–16 K in 80–87 km. While the enhancement of temperature in 95–105 km appears to be a consequence of the auroral heating associated with this storm; we are unable to account for the cooling below based on existing theories. Present observation of the development of cooling underneath the region of temperature enhancement during the geomagnetic storm is rare and demands further investigation.journal articl
Regional ensemble of CMIP6 global climate models for Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Northern Eurasia
No full textFuture climate projections based on multi-model ensemble approach are seen as more reliable, but not all models are equally performant at reproducing climate features at a regional scale. An optimal regional GCM ensemble was developed for Sakha (Yakutia) Republic based on error statistics and spatial correlation metrics. Historical Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, version 6 (CMIP6) simulations from 48 global climate models (GCMs) were used to evaluate model quality compared to mean annual air temperature (MAAT) reanalysis data for 1961–1990, 1971–2000 and 1981–2010 reference periods, and the MAAT change between 1961-1990 and 1981–2010, ΔT81-61. The best-performing reanalysis, GHCN-CAMS, was validated using observational data. This five-member ensemble includes CESM2-WACCM, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6-1-HR, INM-CM5-0, MPI-ESM1-2-HR models, weighted by Pearson's coefficient of spatial correlation between observed and modeled ΔT81-61 fields. Model weighting based on spatial correlation metrics improved the performance of the developed multi-model regional ensemble, which can be used in projecting future climate under different climate change scenarios.journal articl