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Exploring the use of AI text-to-image generation to downregulate negative emotions in an expressive writing application
No full textConventional writing therapies are versatile, accessible and easy to facilitate online, but often require participants to self-disclose traumatic experiences. To make expressive writing therapies safer for online, unsupervised environments, we explored the use of text-to-image generation as a means to downregulate negative emotions during a fictional writing exercise. We developed a writing tool, StoryWriter, that uses Generative Adversarial Network models to generate artwork from users’ narratives in real time. These images were intended to positively distract users from their negative emotions throughout the writing task. In this paper, we report the outcomes of two user studies: Study 1 (N = 388), which experimentally examined the efficacy of this application via negative versus neutral emotion induction and image generation versus no image generation control groups; and Study 2 (N = 54), which qualitatively examined open-ended feedback. Our results are heterogeneous: both studies suggested that StoryWriter somewhat contributed to improved emotion outcomes for participants with pre-existing negative emotions, but users’ open-ended responses indicated that these outcomes may be adversely modulated by the generated images, which could undermine the therapeutic benefits of the writing task itself.journal articl
バーチャル エージェント トノ テキストチャット ニチジョウ タイワ ニ ヨル デジタル ディバイド カイショウ ニ ムケタ シャカイ ジッショウ ジッケン
Get PDF本研究では，デジタルディバイド解消を目的として，産学官の連携のもとでオンラインとオンサイトサポートの両アプローチを併用し，スマートフォン利用の現状調査とスマホスキル向上への取り組みを行う．本手法では，オンラインサポートとしてLINEのテキストチャット機能を利用したバーチャルエージェントとの日常的対話によるスマホ利用頻度とスマホスキルの向上を目指すとともに，オンサイトサポートとして現地でのスマホ相談会を実施することでスマホ利用に対する不安解消や意欲向上を行うことで，デジタルディバイド解消を試みた．また，スマホスキルを定量的に評価するためにスマホスキル評価シート（スマスキ）を提案し，参加者のスマホスキルの変化を調査した．その結果，約6か月の実証実験の間に，46名の高齢者に対し約3割のスマホスキル向上が確認された．technical repor
Improving Bus Arrival Time Prediction Accuracy with Daily Periodic Based Transportation Data Imputation
Get PDFProviding a predicted bus arrival time (BAT) allows bus users to choose a route with less wait time. The bus operation data needed to predict BAT is sometimes missing and must be imputed. However, the existing studies use simple methods such as last observation carried forward to impute missing bus operation data. On the other hand, in studies on traffic congestion prediction, it was reported that the prediction error was reduced by using an imputation method focusing on data characteristics. In this research, we aim to reduce the prediction error of BAT prediction by using an imputation method that focuses on the characteristics of bus operation data. We propose a pattern imputation based on the daily periodicity of bus operation data. We compared the proposed methods with a simple imputation method for BAT prediction. As a result of the experiment, we found that pattern imputation is the most effective method for imputation for multiple trips BAT prediction.conference pape
Molecular Spin Crossover Phenomenon:From molecules to devices
No full textvideo/mp4The spin crossover phenomenon in inorganic materials is one of the most spectacular examples of molecular bistability, which means that these molecules may exist in two different electronic states within a certain range of external perturbations.we are particularly interested in the elaboration of nanometric thin films5 and nano-sized patterns that we obtain by electron beam lithography and in the application of an external perturbation in the hysteresis loop of spin crossover materials, leading to an irreversible switching of their physical properties. Besides generating new fundamental knowledge on size-reduction effects and the dynamics of the spin crossover phenomenon, this research aims also at the development of practical applications such as sensors, Nano-electronic, photonic, motion and mechanical devices.In this talk, I will discuss recent work in the field of molecule-based spin crossover materials with a special focus on recent achievements in the field of mechanical devices.講演場所: Rethink物質創成科学大講義室講演日: 2023年4月11日vide
An AV-MV negotiation method based on synchronous prompt information on a multi-vehicle bottleneck road
No full textBottleneck roads with narrowed width often only allow one vehicle to pass at once. In this situation, human drivers need to negotiate their right-of-way via, e.g., hand gestures and eye contact. However, when a human-driven vehicle (MV) confronts a driver-less automated vehicle (AV), explicit communication between drivers is no longer possible. External human2013machine interface (iHMI) can uni-cast the AV intention to MVs since the information on iHMIs is direct to MV-drivers and visible in visibility-blocked situations. However, iHMIs require vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology, and the conveyed information might not be highly trusted as the information is transmitted to MVs rather than being seen directly from AVs. Therefore, this paper proposes a synchronous iHMI+eHMI method for a more unambiguous communication in this multi-vehicle bottleneck road situation. The designed iHMI+eHMI is compared with the baseline i. e., without HMI, iHMI, and eHMI in a video-based driving simulation by subjective evaluations from structured questionnaires. The results (N=24) indicate that HMIs (iHMI, eHMI, and iHMI+eHMI) are more helpful than vehicles without any HMI for the AV-MV communication, and iHMI+eHMI achieves the best performance when the views of MV-drivers are obscured.journal articl
An Evolutionary Game Theoretic Analysis of Cybersecurity Investment Strategies for Smart-Home Users against Cyberattacks
No full textIn the digital era, smart-home users face growing threats from cyberattacks that threaten their privacy and security. Hence, it is essential for smart-home users to prioritize cybersecurity education and training to secure their homes. Despite this, the high cost of such training often presents a barrier to widespread adoption and accessibility. This study aims to analyze the costs and benefits associated with various cybersecurity investment strategies for smart-home users in the context of cyberattacks. The study utilizes evolutionary game theory to model a game comprised of three populations: smart-home users, stakeholders, and attackers. We derive and analyze the replicator dynamics of this game to determine the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). Furthermore, we investigate the impacts of the costs and benefits of cybersecurity investment and cyberattack costs on the ESS. The findings indicate that incurring costs for cybersecurity training is beneficial for smart-home users to protect their homes and families. However, the training costs must be low and affordable for smart-home users in order to ensure their participation and engagement. Additionally, providing rewards for commitment to cybersecurity is crucial in sustaining interest and investment over the long term. To promote cybersecurity awareness and training for smart-home users, governments can incorporate it as a priority in national cybersecurity plans, provide subsidies for training costs, and incentivize good cybersecurity practices.journal articl
GaVe: A webcam-based gaze vending interface using one-point calibration
No full textGaze input, i.e., information input via eye of users, represents a promising method for contact-free interaction in human-machine systems. In this paper, we present the GazeVending interface (GaVe), which lets users control actions on a display with their eyes. The interface works on a regular webcam, available on most of today's laptops, and only requires a short one-point calibration before use. GaVe is designed in a hierarchical structure, presenting broad item cluster to users first and subsequently guiding them through another selection round, which allows the presentation of a large number of items. Cluster/item selection in GaVe is based on the dwell time, i.e., the time duration that users look at a given Cluster/item. A user study (N=22) was conducted to test optimal dwell time thresholds and comfortable human-to-display distances. Users' perception of the system, as well as error rates and task completion time were registered. We found that all participants were able to quickly understand and know how to interact with the interface, and showed good performance, selecting a target item within a group of 12 items in 6.76 seconds on average. We provide design guidelines for GaVe and discuss the potentials of the system.journal articl
High-k Solution-Processed Barium Titanate/Polysiloxane Nanocomposite for Low-Temperature Ferroelectric Thin-Film Transistors
No full textFerroelectric nanoparticles have attracted much attention for numerous electronic applications owing to their nanoscale structure and size-dependent behavior. Barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles with two different sizes (20 and 100 nm) were synthesized and mixed with a polysiloxane (PSX) polymer forming a nanocomposite solution for high-k nanodielectric films. Transition from the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase of BTO with different nanoparticle dimensions was evaluated through variable-temperature X-ray diffraction measurement accompanied by electrical analysis using capacitor structures. A symmetric single 200 peak was constantly detected at different measurement temperatures for the 20 nm BTO sample, marking a stable cubic crystal structure. 100 nm BTO on the other hand shows splitting of 200/002 peaks correlating to a tetragonal crystal form which further merged, thus forming a single 200 peak at higher temperatures. Smaller BTO dimension exhibits clockwise hysteresis in capacitance$2013voltage measurement and correlates to a cubic crystal structure which possesses paraelectric properties. Bigger BTO dimension in contrast, demonstrates counterclockwise hysteresis owing to their tetragonal crystal form. Through further Rietveld refinement analysis, we found that the tetragonality (c/a) of 100 nm BTO decreases at a higher temperature which narrows the hysteresis window. A wider hysteresis window was observed when utilizing 100 nm BTO compared to 20 nm BTO even at a lower loading ratio. The present findings imply different hysteresis mechanisms for BTO nanoparticles with varying dimensions which is crucial in understanding the role of how the BTO size tunes the crystal structures for integration in thin-film transistor devices.journal articl
Improvement of on-pixel polarizer with 0.35 μm CMOS process for electro-optic imaging systems
No full textIn this paper, we propose an improved on-pixel polarizer structure for an image sensor, which was fabricated using the 0.35 μm standard CMOS process with dual metal layers (Metal 1 and Metal 2), i.e. two layers of gratings with metal-wiring layers were stacked. By designing the line/space ratio as 0.7/0.7 μm, the extinction ratio was significantly improved at a wavelength of 780 nm, which was over 1.4 times higher than that of a single-layer grating, and the detection sensitivity of the polarization change was enhanced by more than 1.8 times. We also demonstrated electro-optical imaging at radio frequency using this image sensor.journal articl