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A fungal sesquiterpene biosynthesis gene cluster critical for mutualist-pathogen transition in Colletotrichum tofieldiae
No full textPlant-associated fungi show diverse lifestyles from pathogenic to mutualistic to the host; however, the principles and mechanisms through which they shift the lifestyles require elucidation. The root fungus Colletotrichum tofieldiae (Ct) promotes Arabidopsis thaliana growth under phosphate limiting conditions. Here we describe a Ct strain, designated Ct3, that severely inhibits plant growth. Ct3 pathogenesis occurs through activation of host abscisic acid pathways via a fungal secondary metabolism gene cluster related to the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene metabolites, including botrydial. Cluster activation during root infection suppresses host nutrient uptake-related genes and changes mineral contents, suggesting a role in manipulating host nutrition state. Conversely, disruption or environmental suppression of the cluster renders Ct3 beneficial for plant growth, in a manner dependent on host phosphate starvation response regulators. Our findings indicate that a fungal metabolism cluster provides a means by which infectious fungi modulate lifestyles along the parasitic$2013mutualistic continuum in fluctuating environments.journal articl
Toward Improved Inertial-based Odometry via Learning-based IMU Online Calibration
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Adverse event signal extraction from cancer patients’ narratives focusing on impact on their daily-life activities
No full textAdverse event (AE) management is important to improve anti-cancer treatment outcomes, but it is known that some AE signals can be missed during clinical visits. In particular, AEs that affect patients’ activities of daily living (ADL) need careful monitoring as they may require immediate medical intervention. This study aimed to build deep-learning (DL) models for extracting signals of AEs limiting ADL from patients’ narratives. The data source was blog posts written in Japanese by breast cancer patients. After pre-processing and annotation for AE signals, three DL models (BERT, ELECTRA, and T5) were trained and tested in three different approaches for AE signal identification. The performances of the trained models were evaluated in terms of precision, recall, and F1 scores. From 2,272 blog posts, 191 and 702 articles were identified as describing AEs limiting ADL or not limiting ADL, respectively. Among tested DL modes and approaches, T5 showed the best F1 scores to identify articles with AE limiting ADL or all AE: 0.557 and 0.811, respectively. The most frequent AE signals were “pain or numbness”, “fatigue” and “nausea”. Our results suggest that this AE monitoring scheme focusing on patients’ ADL has potential to reinforce current AE management provided by medical staff.journal articl
NTCIR-17 MedNLP-SC Social Media Adverse Drug Event Detection: Subtask Overview
No full textThis paper presents the Social Media Adverse Drug Event Detection (SM-ADE) subtask as part of the shared task Medical Natural Language Processing for Social Media and Clinical Texts (MedNLP- SC) at NTCIR-17. The SM-ADE subtask aims to identify a set of symptoms caused by a drug, referred to as adverse drug event (ADE) detection, within social media texts in multiple languages, including Japanese, English, French, and German. The competition attracted 26 teams, of which eight submitted official runs for the SM-ADE subtask. We believe this task will be essential to develop core technologies of practical medical applications in the near future.conference pape
5-Methylene-1,3-dioxane-2-one: A First-Choice Comonomer for Trimethylene Carbonate
Get PDF5-Methylene-1,3-dioxane-2-one (exTMC), a six-membered ring cyclic carbonate bearing an exocyclic methylene group, has been investigated as comonomer for trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with the aim to prepare functionalized polycarbonates. Using methane sulfonic acid (MSA) as an organocatalyst, exTMC and TMC copolymerize in a controlled manner to lead to copolymers of adjusted composition and high randomness (the corresponding reactivity ratios have been determined by the Beckingham2013Lynd (BSL) method as 0.9320131.07 for exTMC and TMC, respectively). Subsequent thiol-ene reaction on the exomethylene group with thioglycolic acid or thioglycerol provides aliphatic polycarbonates with adjustable amounts of COOH or OH groups randomly distributed along the polymer chains.journal articl
Adapting to Non-Centered Languages for Zero-shot Multilingual Translation
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Turnin’ up the musical heat : Examining weather and music preferences from 103 cities
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