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Autophagy promotes organelle clearance and organized cell separation of living root cap cells in Arabidopsis thaliana
No full textThe root cap is a multilayered tissue covering the tip of a plant root that directs root growth through its unique functions, such as gravity sensing and rhizosphere interaction. To maintain the structure and function of the root cap, its constituent cells are constantly turned over through balanced cell division and cell detachment in the inner and outer cell layers, respectively. Upon displacement toward the outermost layer, columella cells at the central root cap domain functionally transition from gravity-sensing cells to secretory cells, but the mechanisms underlying this drastic cell fate transition are largely unknown. Here, using live-cell tracking microscopy, we show that organelles in the outermost cell layer undergo dramatic rearrangements. This rearrangement depends, at least partially, on spatiotemporally regulated activation of autophagy. Notably, this root cap autophagy does not lead to immediate cell death, but is instead necessary for organized separation of living root cap cells, highlighting a previously undescribed role of developmentally regulated autophagy in plants.journal articl
Pericycle cell division competence underlies various developmental programs
No full textPericycle cells possess proliferative activity long after leaving the root apical meristem. Depending on the developmental stage and external stimuli, pericycle cell division leads to the production of lateral roots, vascular cambium and periderm, and callus. Therefore, pericycle cell division competence underlies root branching and secondary growth, as well as plant regeneration capacity. In this review, we first briefly present an overview of the molecular pathways of the four developmental programs originated, exclusively or partly, from pericycle cells. Then, we provide a review of up-to-date knowledge in the mechanisms determining pericycle cells’ competence to undergo cell division. Furthermore, we discuss directions of future research to further our understanding of the pericycle’s characteristics and functions.review articl
Hype Live: セイタイ ジョウホウ ニ ヨル VR ライブ ノ イッタイカン コウジョウ オ モクテキ ト シタ カンカク フィードバック システム
Get PDFVRライブにおいて観客同士の反応の共有は一体感を向上させる上で非常に重要な要素の一つである．一体感向上を目的とするVRライブの従来研究では，NPCの動きに着目したものが多く，参加者へのフィードバックを行うものは未だ少ない．そこで，本研究では参加者の生体情報に基づいて，視覚，聴覚，触覚への刺激を通して観客同士の反応を共有することで一体感を向上させるシステム「Hype Live」 を提案する．その先駆けとしてライブ特有のモッシュと呼ばれる周囲の観客との接触動作を，振動デバイスを用いた触覚フィードバックにより現実でのライブに参加している感覚を再現した．また，提案手法を用いて8人の被験者による主観評価を用いて実験を行った結果，触覚フィードバックがあることで一体感が向上するという傾向が得られた．technical repor
Cross-talk elimination for lenslet array near eye display based on eye-gaze tracking
No full textLenslet array (LA) near-eye displays (NEDs) are a recent technical development that creates a virtual image in the field of view of one or both eyes. A problem occurs when the user’s pupil moves out of the LA-NED eye box (i.e., cross-talk) making the image look doubled or ghosted. It negatively impacts the user experience. Although eye-gaze tracking can mitigate this problem, the effect of the solution has not been studied to understand the impact of pupil size and human perception. In this paper, we redefine the cross-talk region as the practical pupil movable region (PPMR50), which differs from eye box size because it considers pupil size and human visual perception. To evaluate the effect of eye-gaze tracking on subjective image quality, three user studies were conducted. From the results, PPMR50 was found to be consistent with human perception, and cross-talk elimination via eye-gaze tracking was better understood in a static gaze scenario. Although the system latency prevented the complete elimination of cross-talk for fast movements or large pupil changes, the problem was greatly alleviated. We also analyzed system delays based on PPMR50, which we newly defined in this paper and provided an optimization scheme to meet the maximum eyeball rotation speed.journal articl
Transit System Prediction for Real-time Weather Conditions: Fleet Management and Weather-related Ridership
Get PDFThe communication technology revolution in this era has increased the use of smartphones in the world of transportation. The public transit system wishes to predict the expected ridership at a specific time. The bus system's dream of dynamic routing (i.e., having no more near-empty buses) is close to reality. Our study collected data from the transit bus system in two different countries (USA and Japan). This paper studies the correlation between ridership and weather conditions using a deep learning algorithm. Empirically, an experiment with several bus routes in Japan, was utilized to confirm a high precision level. We compared our deep learning model against three baseline models: linear regression, regression trees, and a wide neural network in two sub-experiments. First, the deep learning model had 23%, 21%, and 14% better mean squared error (MSE) scores compared to linear regression, regression trees, and wide neural networks when trained on three months of historical data. Second, we ran the models on a larger dataset of two years. The result was that the gap between the baseline models and the deep learning model was almost doubled to 56%, 50%, and 35% better MSE scores for predictions in favor of the deep learning model compared to linear regression, regression trees, and wide neural networks, respectively.conference pape
Annotation-Scheme Reconstruction for “Fake News” and Japanese Fake News Dataset
No full textFake news provokes many societal problems; therefore, there has been extensive research on fake news detection tasks to counter it. Many fake news datasets were constructed as resources to facilitate this task. Contemporary research focuses almost exclusively on the factuality aspect of the news. However, this aspect alone is insufficient to explain “fake news,” which is a complex phenomenon that involves a wide range of issues. To fully understand the nature of each instance of fake news, it is important to observe it from various perspectives, such as the intention of the false news disseminator, theharmfulness of the news to our society, and the target of the news. We propose a novel annotation scheme with fine-grained labeling based on detailed investigations of existing fake news datasets to capture these various aspects of fake news. Using the annotation scheme, we construct and publish the first Japanese fake news dataset. The annotation scheme is expected to provide an in-depth understanding of fake news. We plan to build datasets for both Japanese and other languages using our scheme. Our Japanese dataset is published at https://hkefka385.github.io/dataset/fakenews-japanese/.conference pape
Practical Reinforcement Learning Design Methods for Home Appliances
Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士(工学)doctoral thesi
Head-mounted CMOS-based imaging devices for probing mesoscale dynamics of mouse brain activity
Get PDF奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士(工学)doctoral thesi
