13197 research outputs found
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コウジキン Aspergillus oryzae ノ イナワラ デノ ニッチ カクリツ オヨビ テンネン セイキク シュホウ ノ セイリツ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ
Full text link奈良先端科学技術大学院大学修士（バイオサイエンス）master thesi
Hybrid Structure-and Ligand-based Approach to Virtual Screening for Rational Drug Discovery
Full text link奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士（理学）doctoral thesi
コキ ガス ト イリョウ ビッグデータ ヲ カツヨウ シタ ヨボウイガク ニ カンスル タメンテキ カイセキ
Full text link奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士（工学）doctoral thesi
Convolutional Neural Network Approaches for Spatial and Temporal Classification Using High-Resolution Sensor Data
Full text link奈良先端科学技術大学院大学博士（工学）doctoral thesi
Arbitrary Viewpoint Event Camera Simulator Based on a Neural Radiance Field
Full text link奈良先端科学技術大学院大学修士（工学）master thesi
Potential of a constitutive-UPR and histone deacetylase A-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for biomolecule production
Full text linkThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for the production of secretory proteins and lipid molecules. In many ascomycetous yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, HAC1 mRNA undergoes splicing to yield HAC1i mRNA (“i” denotes induced), which is translated into the nuclear transcription factor Hac1 upon ER dysfunction. The extensive transcriptome change triggered by Hac1 is called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which leads to ER enforcement. As an unregulated UPR continuously elevates ER activity and size, S. cerevisiae cells exhibit increased production of secretory proteins and lipid molecules when Hac1 is constitutively and artificially expressed. While this technique holds promise for industrial bioproduction, it has a notable drawback, as cells strongly expressing Hac1 exhibit slow growth, making it difficult to handle and store them. To address this issue, in this study, we searched for fast-growing mutants of HAC1i cells carrying the HAC1i sequence at the HAC1 locus to express Hac1 constitutively. We found that histone deacetylase A (HDA)-deficient mutations, including Δhda3, accelerated the growth of Hac1-expressing cells. Despite their increased growth rate, Δhda3HAC1i cells showed stronger expression of prominent UPR target genes related to ER function than HAC1i cells. Moreover, Δhda3HAC1i cells carried a structurally complex and expanded ER and exhibited high-yield production of triglycerides and of different heterologous model biomolecules, β-carotene and Taka amylase A. In conclusion, we propose that combining artificial Hac1 expression with mutations that affect the chromosomal status holds promise for optimizing yeast-based bioproduction systems.journal articl
ZeST: A Zero-Resourced Speech-to-Speech Translation Approach for Unknown, Unpaired, and Untranscribed Languages
No full textSpeech-to-speech translation (S2ST) has emerged as a practical solution for overcoming linguistic barriers, enabling direct translation between spoken languages without relying on intermediate text representations. However, existing S2ST systems face significant challenges, including the requirement for extensive parallel speech data and the limitations of known written languages. This paper proposes ZeST, a novel zero-resourced approach to speech-to-speech translation that addresses the challenges of processing unknown, unpaired, and untranscribed languages. ZeST consists of two main phases: (1) Discovering semantically related speech pairs from unpaired data by leveraging self-supervised visually grounded speech (VGS) models and (2) Achieving textless speech-to-speech translation for untranscribed languages using discrete speech representations and sequence-to-sequence modeling. Experimental evaluations using three different data scenarios demonstrate that the ZeST system effectively performs direct speech-to-speech translation without relying on transcribed data or parallel corpora. The experimental results highlight the potential of ZeST in contributing to the field of zero-resourced speech processing and improving communication in multilingual societies.journal articl
Repeated emergence of giant microRNA hairpins across invertebrates
No full textWhile canonical microRNA (miRNA) hairpins typically bear 30–35 base pair (bp) stems and <15 nucleotide terminal loops, certain miRNA hairpins are much longer. While vertebrates lack long miRNA hairpins, these emerged multiple times within invertebrate lineages. Systematic assessments across >1,400 genomes provided evolutionary insights into the elongation of well-conserved miRNA precursors, which can harbor >1 kb between conserved miRNA and star species and generally form highly base-paired structures. Experiments in Drosophila and humans showed that flies were preferentially capable of maturing certain long precursors, but human cells had a partial capacity. However, neither could handle extreme miRNA hairpins. Finally, analysis of structural variants revealed that extensive stem structure and a local bulge near the dicing site are critical for biogenesis of a lengthened miRNA precursor; the latter likely represents an internal DGCR8 interaction platform. Altogether, we document unanticipated structural complexity in conserved miRNAs and emphasize bioinformatic challenges for their complete annotation.journal articl
Structural basis of a GatC ortholog transporter in the bacterial phosphotransferase system
No full textThe bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS) mediates the uptake of specific carbohydrates via IIC transporters. Here, we report the crystal and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Leminorella grimontii galactitol-specific PTS enzyme IIC component (LgGatC), which is implicated in D-xylose uptake and belongs to the ascorbate–galactitol (AG) superfamily of IIC proteins. These structures, determined in the presence and absence of D-xylose, capture the transporter in an outward-facing conformation. A homology model of an inward-facing state, constructed based on these structures, supports an elevator-like transport mechanism. These findings provide structural insights into substrate recognition by GatC and offer a framework for understanding sugar transport in PTS IIC proteins.journal articl