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Pemafibrate ameliorates renal injury through induction of FGF21 and ketone body production in male mice
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Effect of Salinity on the Growth, Survival, Body Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Get PDFIn attempts to improve aquaculture performances, the examination of environmental factors aff ecting the healthy growth and nutritional profi le of fi sh have been of great interest over the years. This study evaluated the eff ects of salinity on the growth, survival, proximate and fatty acid compositions of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, 5.93 ± 0.51 g). Using commercial diets, salinity treatments of 9, 18 and 27 ppt (Experiment I) and 5, 10 and 15 ppt (Experiment II) were applied, with 0 ppt (freshwater) serving as the control for both experiments. In both of two rearing experiments, the highest weight gain was obtained in the control group (0 ppt) followed by 5 ppt group in Experiment II, while the higher salinity groups exhibited lower weight gains. Regarding fi nal survival, a mass mortality was observed in the highest salinity group (27 ppt), whereas other groups achieved high survival rates of 83.0-93.3% in Experiment I and 97.0-100.0% in Experient II. The nutritional profi le results from both trials strongly indicate an inverse relationship between salinity and the protein and lipid contents of the fi sh body. Both experiments demonstrated similar trends, showing that the fi sh reared in 0 ppt exhibited higher contents of highly unsaturated fatty acids, which are crucial dietary components for both of finfish and humans. Overall, results suggest that a salinity range of 0 ppt to 5 ppt is optimum for achieving good growth, survival, high nutritional quality, and fair palatability in juvenile Nile tilapia.環境要因が養成魚の成長や生残あるいは栄養品質に与える影響を調べる試みが、養殖成績の向上の見地から長年にわたり大きな関心を集めている。本研究では、幼期の成長段階にあるナイルティラピア（Oreochromis niloticus,5.93±0.51g）を用いて、市販の配合飼料を用いた長期の給餌試験後の成長、生残、魚体の一般組成と脂肪酸組成に与える飼育水塩分濃度の影響を検討した。飼育試験は2回実施し、0ppt（淡水）を対照区として9、18、27ppt（実験I）および5、10、15ppt（実験II）の4実験区をそれぞれ設け評価した。両実験共に、体重の平均増重率は0ppt区で最も高く、他区はそれより低い値を示した。生存率に関しては、実験Iの最も高い塩分区（27ppt）で継続的な大量の斃死が観察されたが、他区については実験Iでは83.0-93.3%、実験IIでは97.0-100%の高い生存率が得られた。また、飼育水塩分が魚体のタンパク質および脂質含量に逆相関の影響を与えることが強く示唆され、0ppt区でそれらの含量が最も高くなった。さらに0ppt区で飼育された魚は重要な栄養成分である高度不飽和脂肪酸の魚体中の含量が高塩分区と同じかやや高くなる傾向を示した。今回の一連の飼育試験の結果は、幼期のナイルティラピアにおいて良好な飼育成績および高い栄養的品質を得るためには、0から5pptの淡水からごく低い塩分の範囲の飼育水が好適であることを示している。departmental bulletin pape
Preliminary observations on neuromuscular pathways of the lower extremities: findings from intraoperative nerve root stimulation
Get PDFThe segmental innervation patterns of lower extremity muscles remain poorly defined, despite their critical importance in both clinical diagnosis and surgical planning for lumbar spinal conditions. Variability in these patterns, particularly under chronic nerve root compression, complicates the development of accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to elucidate the segmental innervation patterns of lower extremity muscles through intraoperative nerve root stimulation during lumbar spinal surgery combined with motor evoked potential (MEP) during lumbar spinal surgery. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with unilateral nerve root impairment due to degenerative lumbar canal stenosis were enrolled in this study. All patients provided informed consent, demonstrated lower extremity muscle strength graded 4 or higher on the manual muscle test, and were scheduled for surgeries that enabled direct visualization of bilateral nerve roots. During the surgical procedures, 128 lumbosacral nerve roots (L2-S1) were stimulated using a monopolar stimulator, and MEPs were recorded from key lower extremity muscles, including the vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius. The vastus lateralis muscle was consistently innervated by the L2 root in 100% of cases, confirming a stable and reproducible pattern. In contrast, stimulation of the L5 root revealed notable anomalies in 8% of cases, where compensatory mechanisms or anatomical anomalies appeared to alter the expected innervation patterns. Furthermore, differences in muscle innervation between the left and right sides were observed in 39% of tested nerve roots, with variability being particularly pronounced in lower lumbar levels, such as L4, L5, and S1.departmental bulletin pape
AIの社会的影響と教育の転換
Get PDF本論文は、急速に進歩する生成AI技術が社会に及ぼす重要な影響と、それに伴う教育の変革の必要性について考察する。生成AIの広範な普及は、偽情報や誤情報の拡散、AIシステムへの過度な依存による批判的思考力の低下、職業構造の変化による雇用喪失の可能性、大手テクノロジー企業への権力の集中など、一連のリスクを明らかにしている。これらの課題に対処するためには、技術的な解決策や法的規制が重要であるが、本論文では教育の重要な役割に焦点を当てる。AIリテラシーの育成と、ELSI（倫理的、法的、社会的課題）志向のプロジェクトベース学習（PBL）および議論を基盤とした学習方法を教育実践に統合することの重要性を強調する。これらの教育戦略を実施することで、AIが影響を及ぼす社会の複雑さを責任を持って乗り越えるために必要な知識、スキル、態度・価値観を育成できる。本論文では、無償の教育教材を提供する「aiEDUJAPAN」プロジェクトなどの具体的な取り組みを概説し、AI時代の要求に応えるための教育の将来の方向性を形作る上でのその重要性を論じる。This paper explores the significant impact of the rapidly advancing generative AI technologies on society and the resulting imperative for education to be transformed. The widespread adoption of generative AI has unveiled a range of risks, including the proliferation of misinformation and disinformation, an over-reliance on AI systems leading to a decline in people’s critical thinking skills, shifts in job structures with potential job losses, and the concentration of power in large tech corporations. While technical solutions and legal regulations are vital to addressing these challenges, this paper focuses on the crucial role of education. It emphasizes the importance of fostering AI literacy and integrating ELSI (ethical, legal, and social issues)-oriented project-based learning and discussion-based learning methodologies into educational practices. By implementing these educational strategies, individuals can be equipped with the knowledge, skills, and ethical frameworks they require to responsibly navigate the complexities of an AI-influenced society. This paper outlines specific initiatives, such as the “aiEDU JAPAN” project’s provision of free educational materials. Then, it discusses their significance in shaping education’s future directions for meeting the demands of the AI era.departmental bulletin pape
ハードウェア抽象化記述SHIMにおけるDNNを用いたソフトウェア実行時間推定手法
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Conceptualisation of Event Roles in the First and Second Languages by Japanese Learners of English
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