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Utility of long-term systolic blood pressure variability for predicting the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Get PDFBetter identification of individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires risk-prediction models incorporating novel predictors. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the merits of including long-term systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) in predicting T2DM incidence in a Japanese cohort of 3017 participants (2446 men, 571 women; age, 36–65 years) in 2007, who were followed up until March 2019. Consecutive SBP values, recorded between 2003 and 2007, were regressed annually for each participant. The slope and root-mean-square error of the regression line were calculated for each individual to represent SBPV. The significance of SBPV was examined by adding it to a multivariate Cox model incorporating age, sex, smoking status, regular exercise, family history of diabetes, body mass index, blood levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. The c-index, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to compare the performance of the prediction models without (Model 1) and with (Model 2) SBPV. During the 9.8-year follow-up period, 135 participants developed T2DM. Although a statistically significant difference in c-index between Model 1 (0.785) and Model 2 (0.786) was not found, the NRI (8.312% [p < 0.001]) and IDI (0.700% [p = 0.012]) demonstrated that the performance of Model 2 improved compared with Model 1. In conclusion, results suggested that long-term SBPV slightly improved predictive utility for T2DM when added to a conventional prediction model. The study was registered at University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial registry (UMIN000052544, https://www.umin.ac.jp/).departmental bulletin pape
Deep-learning reconstruction of the prostate improves image quality and acquisition time in T2-weighted imaging
Get PDFWe compared the qualitative and quantitative quality of prostate conventional T2-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging with deep-learning reconstruction. Patients with suspected prostate cancer undergoing magnetic resonance imaging between April 2022 and June 2023 were included. Quantitative analysis was performed to determine the signal-to-noise and contrast ratios of the perirectal fat tissue, internal obturator muscle, and pubic tubercle. Eight periprostatic anatomical structures, overall image quality, and motion artifacts were evaluated by two radiologists using 5- or 4-point scales. Qualitative analysis results were compared to determine the agreement between the two radiologists. In total, 106 patients (mean age: 71 ± 8.3 years; 106 men) were included in this study. The acquisition time for conventional T2-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging with deep-learning reconstruction was 4 min and 16 s and 2 min and 12 s, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio of the perirectal fat tissue and internal obturator muscle and contrast ratio of fat/muscle and bone/muscle determined via T2-weighted imaging with deep-learning reconstruction were significantly superior to those determined via conventional T2-weighted imaging (both p < 0.01). Compared with conventional T2-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging with deep-learning reconstruction showed significant improvement in the visualization of the periprostatic anatomy, overall image quality, and motion artifacts (both p < 0.05). Compared with conventional methods, T2-weighted imaging with deep-learning reconstruction facilitated the acquisition of good-quality magnetic resonance images of the prostate within a shorter acquisition time. T2-weighted imaging with deep-learning reconstruction will aid clinicians in diagnosing prostate cancer with shortened acquisition time while maintaining quantitative and qualitative image properties.departmental bulletin pape
Impact of direct mesenteric perfusion on malperfusion in acute type A aortic dissection repair
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Adenosine triphosphate release inhibitors targeting pannexin1 improve recovery after spinal cord injury
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Antibody response after third dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients is comparable to that in healthy counterparts
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Dopant site analysis of heavily Si-doped GaAs using a combination of electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation
Get PDFSilicon (Si) acts as an amphoteric impurity in gallium arsenide (GaAs), occupying various sites and exhibiting different coordination structures within the material. In this study, we employed electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical simulations to analyze the Si-occupied sites and local coordination structures at concentrations ranging from 2 to 4 × 1019 atoms/cm3 in heavily doped GaAs. High angular resolution electron channeling x-ray spectroscopy was employed to analyze the Si-occupied sites. This method quantitatively estimates site occupancies through statistical analysis of atom site-dependent spectra. It was observed that Si substitutes for both Ga and As sites with nearly equal occupancies. Si K-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements and density functional theory calculations were used to explore the local coordination structures of Si. The peak positions of experimental XAFS spectra aligned closely with those of the calculated XAFS spectra for neutral Si_Ga–Si_As dumbbells, particularly when Si atoms were in close proximity. Considering the effect of vacancies, the experimental XAFS peak position corresponded well with that of the calculated Si dumbbell–V_As pair. In addition, the observed pre-peak was attributed to neutral Si, likely originating from Si clusters. These findings enhance our understanding of Si-related defect structures and their influence on the properties of heavily Si-doped GaAs.dataset: http://hdl.handle.net/2237/0002012811journal articl
Factors associated with discrepancies in disease activity as assessed by SDAI and RAPID3 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Data from a multicentre observational study (T-FLAG)
Get PDFObjectives: The present study aimed to examine discrepancies between assessments based on Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) and Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with controlled disease activity. Methods: Data from 464 RA patients in SDAI remission or low disease activity (REM/LDA) were analysed. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, including Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25), and Kihon checklist (KCL), were assessed. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with RAPID3 moderate or high disease activity (MDA/HDA). Cutoff values of RAPID3 MDA/HDA for each PRO evaluation item were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Among RA patients in SDAI REM/LDA, 84.9% were in RAPID3 REM/LDA. Multivariable analysis revealed that HAQ-DI, GLFS-25, and KCL were independently associated with RAPID3 MDA/HDA. Subdomain analysis of KCL revealed that activities of daily living, physical function, cognitive function, and depressive mood were significantly associated with RAPID3 MDA/HDA. Cutoff values for HAQ-DI and KCL were 0.38 and 8, respectively. Conclusions: In RA patients with controlled disease activity, discrepancies between RAPID3 and SDAI assessments were observed, with factors such as HAQ-DI, GLFS-25, and KCL being independently associated with RAPID3 MDA/HDA.Online Published: 10 May 2024journal articl
Improved Hashtag Recommendation Algorithm Determining Appropriate Hashtags for Words with Different Meanings
No full textIn image-posting social networking services, such as Instagram, recommendation of appropriate hashtags for posts is vital. In the existing methods, a hashtag is searched using the names of object labels included in images added to posts as hashtags, and a relevance prediction model is applied to hashtags that appear most frequently among those attached to posts obtained from the search. Hashtags that are considered highly relevant to the post are then recommended to the user. However, it is difficult to recommend adequate hashtags relevant to a post containing a label that refers to different objects, such as “mouse,” which can refer to a “computer input device” and an “animal.” In this study, we developed algorithms (Algorithms 1 and 2) that employ additional labels related to object labels in posts to solve this problem. As additional labels, Algorithm 1 uses the other labels in the same object category in the Microsoft Common Objects in Context (COCO) image database, and Algorithm 2 uses words translated into six other languages. We also developed Algorithm 3, which is a hybrid of Algorithms 1 and 2. Based on user questionnaires, the hashtags suggested by Algorithms 1 and 2 are highly relevant to the posts: compared to an existing algorithm, the relevance of the hashtags improved by 18% and 64%, respectively.Online Published: 17 September 2024journal articl
Topological Levinson’s theorem in presence of embedded thresholds and discontinuities of the scattering matrix: A quasi-1D example
No full textA family of quasi-1D Schrödinger operators is investigated through scattering theory. The continuous spectrum of these operators exhibits changes of multiplicity, and some of these operators possess resonances at thresholds. It is shown that the corresponding wave operators belong to an explicitly constructed ∗-algebra. The quotient of this algebra by the ideal of compact operators is studied, and an index theorem is deduced from these investigations. This result corresponds to a topological version of Levinson’s theorem in the presence of embedded thresholds, resonances, and changes of multiplicity of the scattering matrices. In the last two sections of the paper, the -theory of the main ∗-algebra and the dependence on an external parameter are carefully analyzed. In particular, a surface of resonances is exhibited, probably for the first time. The contents of these two sections are of independent interest, and the main result does not depend on them.Online Ready: Published: 8 October 2024journal articl
