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A Quinolinone Compound Inhibiting the Oligomerization of Nucleoprotein of Influenza A Virus Prevents the Selection of Escape Mutants
Get PDFThe emergence of resistance to currently available anti-influenza drugs has heightened the need for antivirals with novel mechanisms of action. The influenza A virus (IAV) nucleoprotein (NP) is highly conserved and essential for the formation of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP), which serves as the template for replication and transcription. Recently, using in silico screening, we identified an antiviral compound designated NUD-1 (a 4-hydroxyquinolinone derivative) as a potential inhibitor of NP. In this study, we further analyzed the interaction between NUD-1 and NP and found that the compound interferes with the oligomerization of NP, which is required for vRNP formation, leading to the suppression of viral transcription, protein synthesis, and nuclear export of NP. We further assessed the selection of resistant variants by serially passaging a clinical isolate of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus in the presence of NUD-1 or oseltamivir. NUD-1 did not select for resistant variants after nine passages, whereas oseltamivir selected for resistant variants after five passages. Our data demonstrate that NUD-1 interferes with the oligomerization of NP and less likely induces drug-resistant variants than oseltamivir; hence, it is a potential lead compound for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs
The Effects of L1 Transfer and Processing Strategies on L2 Acquisition of Japanese Wh-Constructions
Get PDFL2 learners of Japanese have been said to resolve scope ambiguity in
question fragments in a manner similar to native speakers; they use the
processing strategy that requires shorter dependency between a whphrase
and a question morpheme -KA (Lieberman et al. 2006). This
study investigates how L2 learners perform with regard to ambiguous
wh-sentences in Japanese when more than one processing strategy is
involved. We have demonstrated that not only the strategy to require
shorter dependency but also the strategy related to case particle affects
acceptability judgments of Japanese wh-questions. In addition, we
suggested that a specific L1 property (clausal typing in L1) may be a
determinant in the selection of processing strategies
Resilience on Healing: Infant’s Disease of Asram in the Asante in Ghana
Get PDFSince the 16th century, Europeans have turned to the west coast of the African continent to obtain rich mining resources as well as human labour. Modern medical care was brought to Africa to protect these Europeans activities, in the process also allowing the Europeans to justify these activities as a ‘transplantation of civilization’. Modern medicine is a general term for a medical system called biomedicine / Western medicine, and refers to the natural scientific knowledge of the time. The process of introducing biomedicine reflects the thoughts of the governors about the human body and at the same time, highlights people’s ideas of sickness and the associated thoughts and practices. In the first section, I will describe the medical policy that the UK implemented in the colony called the Gold Coast in the name of modernization, by use of official archival materials. The colonial government systematically introduced biomedicine through the establishment of laws, regulations, and decrees; it also used police control to reshape the people’s lifeworld. In section 2, I will describe the prohibited indigenous treatments and customs in the people’s lifeworld in the colonial period and clarify the process by which the colonial government regulated people’s living space through schools and the police. In section 3, I will focus on the discourse and treatment practices related to people’s illnesses in modern Asante society. While accepting modern medicine, these people are creating treatment practices that combine indigenous treatment and Christianity. Specifically, I will clarify the Asante’s notion of humans through this group’s discourses relating to the sickness called asram, which is said to be untreatable with modern medicine. We can view the resilience relating to the notion of human beings, a strength that has the potential to de-medicalise the biomedical view of human beings
Contribution of Japanese Technical Intern Training Program to Human Capital Development and Poverty Alleviation in Asia: A survey on Returned Intern Trainees
Get PDFHuman Capital Development (HCD) is arguably the most effective instrument for eradicating poverty. However, for HCD to be meaningful, it needs to improve not only subject knowledge but also skills, social values and work ethics. The rapid economic success of Japan after World War II lies in this unique way of developing human capital. The Japanese Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) was established in1993aiming at such HCD in developing countries, while addressing the labor needs in Japan. The main objective of this paper is to examine the role of TITP with particular attention to Vietnamese returnees trained at the Iida Hosiery Company in Saga, Japan. Data was collected through field surveys in Vietnam from 42 returnees, and Iida Hosiery Company in Saga in 2017 and literature survey.
We found that all of the returnees were young women who lived in rural areas of Vietnam. Their main aim of seeking employment in Japan was to earn money and help their families, not learn technology from Japan. In spite of their conflicting personal objectives, TITP has contributed substantially to improve human capital of these trainees that has helped them to escape poverty. Savings of the trainees averaging 2.5 million Yen in three years and improved social values and work ethics were the most valuable contributions. After returning home, more than half of the trainees were able to establish their own businesses. Income levels, living conditions, social status, and job opportunities of more than 75 percent of the returnees have improved substantially. Besides, TITP has helped Iida Company to reduce costs and overcome its labor shortage problem. To increase the benefits of the TITP further, the time-consuming bureaucratic processes with strict rules and regulations and the involvement of a number of middlemen need to be addressed. In summary, Iida Company through TITP has made a remarkable contribution to alleviate poverty among returnees in Vietnam while addressing its own labor shortage problem
ジスキネジアおよびてんかん関連分子proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) の神経機能に関する研究
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1245号 学位授与年月日:令和2年3月19